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Cannabis Secondary Metabolites a Hashashin’S Art at Preserving Cannabis’ Terpene Profile

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Cannabis Secondary Metabolites a Hashashin’S Art at Preserving Cannabis’ Terpene Profile Cannabis on Collision Course with Science extractionmagazine.com ISSUE6 jan/feb 2019 Cannabis Extracts and Their Sensory Experience Unearthing the nuances that define a specific cultivar Sniffing Around Prospective Mates, Bloodletting, and Instinctually Sensing the Power of Cannabis Our Connection to Cannabis Through Our Senses The Value Skin in the Game of Origin Sourcing and How Topicals Provide an Effective Cultivation for Cannabinoid Delivery System Elite Extractions Cannabis Secondary Metabolites A Hashashin’s Art at Preserving Cannabis’ Terpene Profile Premium Equipment results in Exceptional Extracts Heidolph BX Heidolph North America | 224-265-9600 | HeidolphNA.com Cascade Sciences | 503 - 847- 9047 | cascadesciences.com @heiVape Take advantage of this ad - use code EMag5 at cascadesciences.com for 5% off and free shipping! Letter from the Editor December 18, 2018 I’m increasingly amazed at how much our industry has grown The sensory aspects of cannabis concentrates segue nicely in my brief time at both T&T and Extraction Magazine. I get into edibles. Although my home state of Pennsylvania has animated thinking of the volume of molecules in the cannabis not yet recognized the need for vending this alternative Publisher plant we have discovered with medicinal properties. The tally ingestion method, the culinary artistry one can practice in MACE Media Group of nearly 300 cannabinoids and terpenes contained inside their own home can be a prosperous and rewarding adventure Editor-in-Chief what Kevin Koby calls “goodness factories” is an astounding (if the starting material is cost-effective). What’s important Jason S. Lupoi, Ph.D. prospect, given all the possible permutations a unique to recognize is that creating cannabis-infused foods or combination of these molecules can entail. beverages at home begins with an efficient extraction of Authors: the cannabinoids. Why squander what’s desired? There are Frenchy Cannoli We’ve seen the industry migrating towards that path already. devices available to assist in this process beyond standard A.C. Braddock Phyto-pharmaceutical formulations are increasingly common, kitchenware. It’s also paramount to master decarboxylation Kevin Koby as researchers dissect the cannabis genotype to isolate and such that the full physiological effects of cannabinoid Dave Malone characterize singular molecules. Once establishing that baseline, ingestion can be realized. And with terpene formulators Steven Bennett, Ph.D. one can complement the studied cannabinoid or terpene with refining their recreations of select cannabis varieties, the DIY Jim Parco an additional one, and evaluate what utility that formulation edible designer can easily re-incorporate lost terpenes into Conor Corrigan serves. We truly could be witnessing the creation of a panacea their final product. Our friend Luis from Pastelaria 6 Sentidos Shanel Lindsay that had previously been forbidden in Western society. in Portugal provided a wonderful infused holiday pudding Carlton Bone recipe that we’ve included for you. If you make and enjoy it, let Luis Narciso This issue, like its T&T counterpart on the flip side, him know. Designer predominantly considers the sensory attributes of cannabis Marko Nedeljkovic concentrates and extracts. Terpenes are usurping some of the I’ll leave you with a quote from AC Braddock at Eden Labs, spotlight previously held by cannabinoids, and rightfully so, whose article can be found in this issue too. I liked it so much, Advertising given the diverse aromas and flavors alternate terpene profiles I wanted to showcase it twice: Mark Nockels in different cultivars can offer. Manufacturers show increasing Casey Walsh interest in preserving the native plant’s chemistry, whether “…We already, instinctually, know cannabis exists to heal us Bradford Burgess when making a product like hash, a full-spectrum oil, or even physically and culturally. We know it. We experience it with Kevin Tamburri a topical formulation. every sense and fiber of our humanity.” Eric Anderson SOLVENTS, SAFETY AND PROCESSING EQUIPMENT 5L Short Path Distillation Kit Your source for cannabis extraction solutions, equipment and high-purity solvents. 778.918.7591 | evolvedextraction.com Contents 08 Cannabis Secondary Metabolites Sniffing Around Prospective Mates, Bloodletting, and 14 Instinctually Sensing the Power of Cannabis Skin in the Game: How Topicals Have Provided 16 an Effective Cannabinoid Delivery System Cannabis Extracts and 20 Their Sensory Experiences Value of Origin: Sourcing and 22 Cultivation for Elite Extractions Effects of Pressure in 30 Supercritical CO Extraction of Cannabis 2 The Processing 38 Equipment Sales Process Terpenes and Teas: Exploring the Relationship 44 Between Cannabinoids and Catechins 46 Christmas (or New Year’s) Pudding Efficient Decarboxylation is Paramount to Creating 48 Dispensary-Grade Extracts at Home 8 EXTRACTION MAGAZINE Cannabis Secondary Metabolites By Frenchy Cannoli Trichomes are epidermal protuberances trichomes, we are still mostly guessing Considering that terpenes facilitate covering the leaves, bracts, and their various functions and roles in the the absorption of cannabinoids and stems of plants. The vast diversity plant kingdom. modulate their interaction, it is safe of trichomes expressed in the plant to say that they are fundamental kingdom can be loosely classified into In addition to phenolics and terpenes, to the overall psychoactive and two main types: non-glandular and cannabis offers humanity over a medicinal experience of cannabis. glandular. hundred unique, therapeutic and However, terpenes are also very potent psychoactive cannabinoids produced compounds which can cause serious Non-glandular trichomes can best through a series of enzymatic synthases adverse effects; high doses of pure be described as the plant’s hair in the glandular trichomes. Terpenoids extracted terpenes can be extremely while glandular trichomes are made and cannabinoids are the most toxic. Such power of life and death of globular structures supported influential and dominant compounds is the reflection of the primordial by stalks, which produce and store of cannabis’ secondary metabolite hegemony of terpenes in the ecological around 200,000 organic compounds, expression. While cannabinoids are balance of the planet. [4] Likewise, the secondary metabolites. Alkaloids, typically considered to be unique phenolic compounds have “constitutive phenolic substances, and terpenes, to cannabis (although product and induced roles in toxicity and the three major groups of secondary manufacturers are touting cannabidiol feeding deterrence in insects.” [4] metabolites, are very powerful, inducing extracted from hops and evergreen Phenol toxicity can be associated and deterring chemicals that regulate bark), there are no known terpenes with the “consumption of phenolic- the relationship existing between specific to cannabis. rich foods or beverages and various plants, insects, and humans. [1] The terpene’s lipophilicity allows diseases, such as stroke, cardiovascular binding of the terpenes to the disease, and cancer and neurologic The formation of these compounds is lipophilic inner core of cells, which disorders such as dementia/AD.” [4] not related to the growth, development increases permeability and facilitates or reproduction of the plant; they are the absorption of cannabinoids. [3] Comparatively, the 100+ cannabinoids the chemical defensive and survival Additionally, this terpene property resulting from the biosynthesis of tools of the plant kingdom adapting possibly facilitates the passage of phenols and terpenes and the terpene to an everchanging environment. The terpenes across the blood-brain barrier concentrations of cannabis plant kingdom has been producing when smoking. Furthermore, cannabis plants have very little toxicity. glandular trichomes for over 300 terpenes modulate the psychoactive These phytochemicals also million years [2], and while science properties of THC by acting on their offer greater medicinal potential has an understanding of the formation receptors, and they have the ability to when together than as individual of terpenes, cannabinoids and other improve THC absorption by the lungs. constituents. The cannabis biosynthesis compounds found in glandular [3] of its secondary metabolites could be EXTRACTION MAGAZINE 539 perceived as the transformation of two are challenging to measure, making uniqueness. [5] This new terpene potentially toxic compounds into a wide the cannabis terpene profile difficult to profile will modulate the medicinal and array of safe medicinal compounds. duplicate and as such invaluable. psychoactive properties of the cultivar The preservation of the uniqueness of differently; the greater the difference Given that cannabis plants produce a terpene profile is a vital element of between the two terpene profiles, the something like 200 known terpenes the quality a Hashishin seeks. Cannabis more diverse the experience will be. and over 100 known cannabinoids, the provides us with two very different and possible combinations are abundant. unique profiles, an amazing gift that A Hashishin is very much like a Western medicine derived cannabis furthers our ability to create diversity. winemaker; we seek perfection treatments of the future will not be within the fruit to achieve greatness. based solely on cannabinoid medicinal Cannabis has a distinctive terpene A winemaker works solely with the characteristics. Rather, the terpene’s profile at the peak of its flowering
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