DOCSLIB.ORG

Transcending the Limitations of Institutionalization Through Music: Ethnomusicology in a Nursing Home

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Transcending the Limitations of Institutionalization Through Music: Ethnomusicology in a Nursing Home View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship Repository TRANSCENDING THE LIMITATIONS OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION THROUGH MUSIC: ETHNOMUSICOLOGY IN A NURSING HOME BY THERESA ALLISON DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Musicology in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaiGn, 2010 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Emeritus Bruno Nettl, Chair Professor Emeritus Clark E. CunninGham Associate Professor Gabriel Solis Professor Thomas R. Turino ABSTRACT This is an ethnoGraphic study of the music life of the EnGlish speakers in a 430-bed not-for-profit nursinG home. Research took place between AuGust 2006 and June 2008, and included participation in both musical and non-musical activities at the home, formal and informal interviews, volunteerinG with the activities staff, and large-Group observations. In this monoGraph, I treat the nursinG home as an artificially constructed community in order to examine the role of music in daily life for the people to who live in, work at, and visit the Home. Particular attention is paid to the role of songwriting in an institution, the role of the sing-along for its participants, and the role of music and memory in the context of end-stage dementia. The study was desiGned to elucidate the followinG humanities research question: how do institutionaliZed elders use music to cope with increasinG physical, cognitive and social limitations? What I learned was that they do no such thinG. The elders at the Home use music to transcend the limitations of illness and the institution that cares for them. ii To my parents, Eva and Brian Allison, who taught me to love, to listen, and to write iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Every ethnoGraphic project results from the support of many people. I was fortunate to have the support of a broad network of teachers, friends, family and research participants. It is not everyone who is able to say that their research participants pushed them to continue the research project, but the elders, volunteers, administrators and staff members at the Home provided me with encouraGement, feedback and advice throuGhout this research project. AlthouGh I am unable to thank most of them by name, they deserve the first mention as my teachers, my Guides, and my friends. Of those who I can mention by name, I am grateful to Judith-Kate Friedman and Rabbi Sheldon Marder for welcominG me into their sonGwritinG Groups, for teachinG me about sonGwritinG and about Psalm study, and for reading drafts throughout this process. Janice Schwartz, director of research at the Home, mentored me throuGh the challenGinG task of desiGninG and implementinG a project in a regulation-laden facility with participants who were considered to be a special population requirinG additional safety measures. Jay LuxenberG, the medical director of the Home and a former director of the UCSF Geriatrics fellowship, has guided me throuGh this project since the first year of my residency traininG, introducinG me to the music of the Home, listeninG to my ideas, openinG doors at each step of my traininG and ultimately shapinG my career path into one that inspires me daily. At the University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaiGn, I am indebted to Donna Buchanan, Clark CunninGham, Charles Capwell, Charlotte Frisbie (althouGh iv technically she belongs to SIUE, we grad students like to think of her as ours), Lawrence Gushee, Thomas Turino and Isabel WonG for teachinG me how to think critically and to write. I would like to thank Nora Few, Diane Gottheil and Tony Waldrop from the Medical Scholars ProGram for supportinG my desire to complete an MD/PhD in Musicology. Over the years these researchers have formed a network of support that both challenGed and inviGorated my thinkinG. After I disappeared into the world of medicine, Donna and Charlotte sat me down each time they saw me at meetinGs to listen to my GrowinG ideas about music and nursinG homes, GivinG me new sources of material to read and new ideas to brinG home with me to California. Without Diane’s endless cheerleadinG, I miGht have lost faith lonG aGo. Larry first pointed out what the medical researchers had all missed, that people with dementia remember best the sonGs of their parents’ Generation. His comments, coupled with Tom’s insistence that I learn semiotics properly, led directly to the ideas that underscore the chapter on dementia and the remembered song. Many thanks to my committee, Clark CunninGham, Bruno Nettl, Gabriel Solis and Tom Turino, for cominG toGether and supportinG a dissertation that had transformed between prelims and defense. Their critical readinGs have improved the work significantly, and all resulting errors and omissions are mine alone. This project has taken place under the steady support and mentorinG of my advisor, Bruno Nettl. Bruno has walked with me since the day in 1992 when he first showed me how to Get to the MusicoloGy Division at the University of Illinois. Over coffee, lunch and office meetinGs, throuGh medical traininG and Graduate study Bruno has cared for me and challenGed me to brinG toGether ethnomusicoloGy and medicine in v a way that draws upon the strenGths of each and brinGs something new to the table. I am lucky to have such a teacher and friend. At the University of California, San Francisco, I was fortunate to encounter another network of support in the form of a completely new Group of researchers. ToGether, they have furthered my foundations in medical anthropoloGy and supported one of the most unusual research fellowship topics at UCSF. In the Department of Family and Community Medicine, I am Grateful to Thomas Bodenheimer and William Shore, both of whom are parents of ethnomusicoloGists, for understandinG what I was tryinG to accomplish and for urGinG me on. Many conversations with Tom, sandwiched between patient visits in our clinic, led to the eventual change of research topic from Navajo sonG transmission to the music ethnography of a nursing home. The support of my department chair, Kevin Grumbach and my residency director, Teresa Villela, made it possible to audit Graduate courses while still in residency, and to Get to Tucson for the 2005 SEM meetinG in order to probe the idea of a topic chanGe with my committee. My clinical mentors, Tom Bodenheimer , Kirsten Day, Jessica FoGler, Kevin Grumbach, Shieva Khayam-Bashi, Ina Lee, Todd May, Daniel Pound, Jonathan Rapp, GeorGe Saba, Teresa Villela and Norma Jo Waxman and helped me to uncover my love of Geriatrics while retaininG the perspective of a family doctor. AmonG the Family Medicine research and teachinG faculty, Norman Hearst, Laura Hill-Sakurai, Jessica Muller, Peter Sommers and David Thom provided exceptional Guidance and support. vi In the UCSF Department of AnthropoloGy, History and Social Medicine, I was welcomed into the Graduate series on fieldwork, and was fortunate to have the support of Sharon Kaufman, Vincanne Adams and the late Gay Becker as professors and mentors. In the Division of Geriatrics, I have to thank the entire division, all of whom have at some point read my drafts, listened to my papers, and taken seriously the concept of the medical humanities. They have been Generous with their time and ideas. Seth Landefeld, our division chief, and Michael Harper, my former fellowship director, made possible a Health Resources and Services Administration Grant that funded both my clinical traininG and a year of fieldwork. Kenneth Covinsky, my Geriatrics mentor and a quantitative health sciences researcher, Gave me the Gift of takinG me seriously, learninG about qualitative research and offerinG excellent advice on writing, ideas, publications and career choices. Ken and Seth, in particular, have provided me with invaluable feedback and ideas, and have trained me in the art of communicatinG with health sciences researchers. Ken has been my teacher, my mentor, and my friend, showinG me how to naviGate a path that includes the humanities and health sciences literature. AlonG with my primary teachers in Geriatrics, Deborah Barnes, Helen Chen, Anna ChanG, Rebecca Conant, Mary Ann Johnson, Bree Johnston, Kahla Mehta, Sandra Moody, Jacqueline Richter, Michael Steinman and Louise Walters, they have provided the network of support and inspiration that I feared I had lost when I left the shelter of the University of Illinois. ThrouGhout this journey of music and medicine, a core Group of fellow students (from Graduate school, medical school and post-graduate traininG) have helped me vii through conversations, close readings, laughter, lots of food and drink, and even the occasional dance lesson. They include Joanna Bosse, Carla Brunet, Rebecca Bryant, Judah Cohen, Heather Cousins, Vikas Gulani, Chris Hess, Sarah Janssen, Sei Lee, David McDonald, Rozalia Mendoza, Vas and Shauna Naidu, Tony Perman, Chris Scales, Adam Spira, Lisa Vargish, Elyse Carter Vosen, Ron Walent, Eric Widera and Brie Williams. Your ideas have shaped my own, and your lauGhter has warmed my heart. Many thanks to David Lewis, who Gently reminded me, late in the Game, that Frances Densmore deserves mention for her pioneerinG research into healinG sonGs. The final push to finish took place under the support and encouraGement of Carla Brunet, Pattie Hsu, and Francesca Rivera from UC Berkeley and the University of San Francisco. I would particularly like to thank my parents, Eva and Brian Allison, and my sister, Sarah Allison, for readinG multiple drafts of everythinG that led to this thesis. Without the comments, love and encouraGement of these three writers from EnGlish literature, this thesis would not exist. Finally, I would like to thank my best friend, my husband Christopher Hess, and our children, Madeline and William, for the endless hours that they have spent takinG care of each other and of me as this project was carried out and brouGht to closure.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Recent Publications in Music 2010
    Fontes Artis Musicae, Vol. 57/4 (2010) RECENT PUBLICATIONS IN MUSIC R1 RECENT PUBLICATIONS IN MUSIC 2010 Compiled and edited by Geraldine E. Ostrove On behalf of the Pour le compte de Im Auftrag der International l'Association Internationale Internationalen Vereinigung Association of Music des Bibliothèques, Archives der Musikbibliotheken, Libraries Archives and et Centres de Musikarchive und Documentation Centres Documentation Musicaux Musikdokumentationszentren This list contains citations to literature about music in print and other media, emphasizing reference materials and works of research interest that appeared in 2009. It includes titles of new journals, but no journal articles or excerpts from compilations. Reporters who contribute regularly provide citations mainly or only from the year preceding the year this list is published in Fontes Artis Musicae. However, reporters may also submit retrospective lists cumulating publications from up to the previous five years. In the hope that geographic coverage of this list can be expanded, the compiler welcomes inquiries from bibliographers in countries not presently represented. CONTRIBUTORS Austria: Thomas Leibnitz New Zealand: Marilyn Portman Belgium: Johan Eeckeloo Nigeria: Santie De Jongh China, Hong Kong, Taiwan: Katie Lai Russia: Lyudmila Dedyukina Estonia: Katre Rissalu Senegal: Santie De Jongh Finland: Tuomas Tyyri South Africa: Santie De Jongh Germany: Susanne Hein Spain: José Ignacio Cano, Maria José Greece: Alexandros Charkiolakis González Ribot Hungary: Szepesi Zsuzsanna Tanzania: Santie De Jongh Iceland: Bryndis Vilbergsdóttir Turkey: Paul Alister Whitehead, Senem Ireland: Roy Stanley Acar Italy: Federica Biancheri United Kingdom: Rupert Ridgewell Japan: Sekine Toshiko United States: Karen Little, Liza Vick. The Netherlands: Joost van Gemert With thanks for assistance with translations and transcriptions to Kersti Blumenthal, Irina Kirchik, Everett Larsen and Thompson A.
    [Show full text]
  • Call for Papers Special Issue Medical Ethnomusicology and Music Therapy
    Voices is an interdisciplinary peer reviewed journal founded in 2001 by Professor Carolyn Kenny and Professor Brynjulf Stige. It is an Open Access peer reviewed journal that invites dialogue and discussion about music, health, and social change. The journal values inclusiveness and socio-cultural awareness and has increasingly nurtured a critical edge that refines the focus on cultural issues and social justice. Further information at https://voices.no/index.php/voices/index CALL FOR PAPERS SPECIAL ISSUE MEDICAL ETHNOMUSICOLOGY AND MUSIC THERAPY Guest editors Jane Edwards (Ireland/Australia), Gregory Barz (USA), and Busskorn Binson (Thailand) Medical ethnomusicology is an emerging interdisciplinary area of study. Hailed as “representing a new stage of collaborative discourse among researchers, musicians, and practitioners”; FSU web site http://fla.st/1prUG2O, it refers to knowledge which spans the globe of traditional cultural practices of music, health, and healing. To date little dialogue between music therapy and medical ethnomusicology has occurred. This special issue of Voices presents an opportunity to open further dialogue seeking clarification of the differences and synergies between music therapy and medical ethnomusicology, in order to discover and develop new collaborations and alignments. Individual authors or collaborating practitioners and scholars who wish to discuss, present, critique, or describe practices in ethnomusicology that relate to health and well- being, or practices in music therapy that align with medical ethnomusicology are invited to submit scholarly papers for consideration in a special issue of the journal to be published in 2015. Guidelines for Voices submissions can be found at https://voices.no/index.php/voices/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions Authors should use the online submission system for the journal located at https://voices.no/index.php/voices/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions When uploading the paper authors should choose the special issue option from the relevant menu.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: RESEARCH ON
    ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: RESEARCH ON MUSIC AND HEALING IN ETHNOMUSICOLOGY AND MUSIC THERAPY May May Chiang, Master of Arts, 2008 Directed By: Professor J. Lawrence Witzleben Department of Musicology and Ethnomusicology, Chair. This thesis examines current developments in the research and discourse on music and healing. Ethnomusicology has involved extensive work on documenting traditional music and healing traditions; however, ethnomusicologists have neglected to contribute their knowledge and effort to healthcare-oriented research. Music therapy, on the other hand, has been focusing on the benefit of the patient, but rarely relates its practices to traditional music and healing traditions or non-Western music. Despite the recent establishment of the Medical Ethnomusicology Special Interest Group in the Society for Ethnomusicology and increasing awareness of world music and cultural diversity in music therapy, scholars in the two fields have not yet collaborated with each other extensively. The motivations for this thesis are: to review previous developments in research on music and healing, to find out the reasons for the changes in the research trends of the past decade, and to see possible research directions in the future. RESEARCH ON MUSIC AND HEALING IN ETHNOMUSICOLOGY AND MUSIC THERAPY By May May Chiang Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts 2008 Advisory Committee: Professor J. Lawrence Witzleben, Chair Professor Robert Provine Professor Jonathan Dueck © Copyright by May May Chiang 2008 Acknowledgements I would like to show my appreciation to the ethnomusicologists and music therapists with whom I have communicated, especially to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Earworms ("Stuck Song Syndrome"): Towards a Natural History of Intrusive Thoughts
    Earworms ("stuck song syndrome"): towards a natural history of intrusive thoughts Article Accepted Version Beaman, C. P. and Williams, T. I. (2010) Earworms ("stuck song syndrome"): towards a natural history of intrusive thoughts. British Journal of Psychology, 101 (4). pp. 637-653. ISSN 0007-1269 doi: https://doi.org/10.1348/000712609X479636 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/5755/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/000712609X479636 Publisher: British Psychological Society All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online Research Impact Manager Research & Enterprise Dr Anthony Atkin +44 (0)118 787411 Whiteknights House [email protected] Whiteknights Reading RG6 6AH phone +44 (0)118 8628 fax +44 (0)118 378 8979 email [email protected] 24 June 2014 - Earworms ("stuck song syndrome"): towards a natural history of intrusive thoughts. British Journal of Psychology, Beaman, C. P. and Williams, T. I. (2010) 101 (4). pp. 637-653. Dear Downloader, Thank you for downloading this publication from our repository. The University of Reading is committed to increasing the visibility of our research and to demonstrating the value that it has on individuals, communities, organisations and institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • BENJAMIN D. KOEN, Ph.D
    BENJAMIN D. KOEN, Ph.D. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Associate Professor: Hong Kong Baptist University Department of Music (2019- ) Oxford University Press Editorial Advisory Board: Medical Ethnomusicology, New York: Oxford University Press (2011- ) Oxford University Press HandBook Editor: New York: Oxford University Press (2008- ) Sound Health Global, Founder & Director: Life, Health, & Business Coaching. Providing education, coaching, consulting, training, programs and services in holistic health, wellness, and healing; weight loss and fitness; personal development and transformation, and service-based business development aligned with your passion and life purpose (2015- ) Musician, Composer, Recording Artist, Studio & Master Class Teacher Music Performance Areas: saxophones, flutes, clarinets, hand drums, percussion, didgeridoo, improvisation, composition, jazz, world music, new music, film music, and mixed media, including poetry, spoken word, and art (1992- ) International Director: Xiamen University International Center for Medical Anthropology Xiamen University, www.medicalanthropology.org (2016-2019) Distinguished Professor: Medical, Cognitive, and Applied Ethnomusicology, Medical and Psychological Anthropology, Medical Humanities. Xiamen University, College of Humanities, Department of Anthropology (2012-2018) Professor of Interdisciplinary Humanities (Courtesy Appointment) Florida State University (2011- 2016) Professor: Medical, Cognitive, and Applied Ethnomusicology; Medical and Psychological Anthropology. Xiamen University, College
    [Show full text]
  • Interdisciplinary Collaboration Between Music Therapy and Medical Ethnomusicology Purpose Statement of the Problem Methods Refer
    Interdisciplinary Collaboration Between Music Therapy and Medical Ethnomusicology And the Perceived Impact on Individuals Recovering From Traumatic Brain Injuries Sidney Johnson ([email protected]) Creative Arts Therapies Georgia College and State University Statement of the Problem Delimitations • A plethora of possible positive effects and benefits exist in the interdisciplinary • Due to the current COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative the research study is conducted after the situation subsides globally. collaboration between music therapy and medical ethnomusicology (1). • The study is to occur abroad Spain at a music therapy and/or medical ethnomusicology clinic; thus funding to conduct the • Combining and utilizing techniques from both fields to help clients more efficiently research is a significant and necessary consideration. reach a specific goal will likely become more commonplace and desirable for future • I am not yet fully fluent in Spanish. therapeutic treatment plans (1). • By expanding, utilizing, and fusing various music therapy and medical ethnomusicology techniques, music therapists, medical ethnomusicologists, and clients alike are sure to Methods gain and benefit from such interaction, cooperation, and synergy between the two healthcare fields (1). • Little to no observational, interview-based, or evidence-based research study has been Assumptions/Conceptual Framework completed focusing on interdisciplinary collaboration between music therapy and • I am pursing a qualitative research study due to the continually evolving, fluctuating nature of the medical ethnomusicology (1). two healthcare fields and overall topics discussed. • Furthermore, no healthcare field interdisciplinary collaboration study has been • completed focusing specifically on participants recovering from traumatic brain injuries During summer 2019, I worked at Adam’s Camp in Winter Park, Colorado – a week-long therapy (2).
    [Show full text]
  • Musical Elements in the Discrete-Time Representation of Sound
    0 Musical elements in the discrete-time representation of sound RENATO FABBRI, University of Sao˜ Paulo VILSON VIEIRA DA SILVA JUNIOR, Cod.ai ANTONIOˆ CARLOS SILVANO PESSOTTI, Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba DEBORA´ CRISTINA CORREA,ˆ University of Western Australia OSVALDO N. OLIVEIRA JR., University of Sao˜ Paulo e representation of basic elements of music in terms of discrete audio signals is oen used in soware for musical creation and design. Nevertheless, there is no unied approach that relates these elements to the discrete samples of digitized sound. In this article, each musical element is related by equations and algorithms to the discrete-time samples of sounds, and each of these relations are implemented in scripts within a soware toolbox, referred to as MASS (Music and Audio in Sample Sequences). e fundamental element, the musical note with duration, volume, pitch and timbre, is related quantitatively to characteristics of the digital signal. Internal variations of a note, such as tremolos, vibratos and spectral uctuations, are also considered, which enables the synthesis of notes inspired by real instruments and new sonorities. With this representation of notes, resources are provided for the generation of higher scale musical structures, such as rhythmic meter, pitch intervals and cycles. is framework enables precise and trustful scientic experiments, data sonication and is useful for education and art. e ecacy of MASS is conrmed by the synthesis of small musical pieces using basic notes, elaborated notes and notes in music, which reects the organization of the toolbox and thus of this article. It is possible to synthesize whole albums through collage of the scripts and seings specied by the user.
    [Show full text]
  • Designing Supportive Soundscapes for Nursing Home Residents with Dementia
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Concept Paper Designing Supportive Soundscapes for Nursing Home Residents with Dementia Paul Devos 1,* , Francesco Aletta 1,2 , Pieter Thomas 1 , Mirko Petrovic 3, Tara Vander Mynsbrugge 4, Dominique Van de Velde 4,5, Patricia De Vriendt 4,5 and Dick Botteldooren 1 1 Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; [email protected] (F.A.); [email protected] (P.T.); [email protected] (D.B.) 2 Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, London WC1H0NN, UK 3 Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; [email protected] 4 Department of Occupational Therapy, Artevelde University College, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; [email protected] (T.V.M.); [email protected] (D.V.d.V.); [email protected] (P.D.V.) 5 Department of Occupational Therapy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 31 October 2019; Accepted: 28 November 2019; Published: 4 December 2019 Abstract: Sound and its resulting soundscape is a major appraisal component of the living environment. Where environmental sounds (e.g., outdoor traffic sounds) are often perceived as negative, a soundscape (e.g., containing natural sounds) can also have a positive effect on health and well-being. This supportive effect of a soundscape is getting increasing attention for use in practice. This paper addresses the design of a supportive sonic environment for persons with dementia in nursing homes. Starting from a review of key mechanisms related to sonic perception, cognitive deficits and related behavior, a framework is derived for the composition of a sonic environment for persons with dementia.
    [Show full text]
  • SEM Student News Vol 4
    SEM{STUDENTNEWS} An initiative of the Student Concerns Committee of the Society for Ethnomusicology IN THIS ISSUE Welcome! Letter from the Editor 1 SCC Update 2 Community News 3 Applied + Activist Ethno Redefining “Applied” Ethnomusicology 4 A Community of Writers 5 The State of the Field 6 Dear SEM 7 Responsibility and the Ethnomusicologist 8 Working in the Applied Sector 10 Want to stay in the Volume 4 | Spring/Summer 2012 Volume A Musical Exploration in Rhythmic Immersion 11 SEM Student News loop? Join your Organizations + Resources 12 peers by ‘liking’ us on Facebook, and Our Staff 16 get the latest updates and calls for submissions! Being a _______ Ethnomusicologist choosing our adjectives Welcome to the fourth volume of and social engagement is one I our research, but also strengthens SEM Student News. In this issue, constantly face in both my it? we highlight the subfields of professional and personal lives. applied and activist Colleagues often ask me why I Many of our teachers and mentors ethnomusicology, questioning how bother with all the ethics reviews, are conducting community-based, our work as scholars can be community meetings, and collaborative research and writing connected to the broader social, collaborative editing. Community that specifically seeks to address educational, and research members often ask me why my this question. And yet, so many communities in which we find work should matter to them, what times we hear how experimental ourselves. As a medical greater purpose I can serve, and writing, social engagement, or ethnomusicologist researching what results I can guarantee. How public scholarship had to wait until indigenous health and an activist can we reconcile these two often- they were post-dissertation, post- working in educational opposing positions, and foster a job, post-book, post-tenure, post-I- documentary media, the productive and meaningful have-already-proven-myself-as-an- relationship between academics dialogue that not only facilitates continued on next page..
    [Show full text]
  • Musical Hallucinations in Schizophrenia
    Mental Illness 2015; volume 7:6065 Musical hallucinations in reported having musical hallucinations.4 Notably the musical hallucinations tended to Correspondence: Robert G. Bota, UC Irvine schizophrenia be sudden in onset, familiar, and mixed instru- Health Neuropsychiatric Center, 101 The City mental and vocal, with most patients having a Drive South, Orange, CA 92868, USA. Jessica Galant-Swafford, Robert Bota soothing affective response to the music Tel.:+1.714.456.2056. Department of Psychiatry, University of (62%). Interestingly, when the musical halluci- E-mail: [email protected] California, Irvine, CA, USA nations had more religious content, the patients claimed to have less volitional control Received for publication: 8 June 2015. Accepted for publication: 8 June 2015. Musical hallucinations (MH) are complex over them. This suggests that the presence or phenomena that are associated with hearing absence of religious content in the musical This work is licensed under a Creative Commons loss, brain disease (glioma, epilepsy, cere- hallucination may be useful for differentiating Attribution NonCommercial 3.0 License (CC BY- brovascular disease, encephalitis), and psychi- between musical imagery and musical halluci- NC 3.0). atric disorders such as major depressive disor- nations. ©Copyright J. Galant-Swafford and R. Bota, 2015 der, bipolar disease, and schizophrenia. MH Baba and Hamada suggest that musical hal- lucinations in patients with schizophrenia are Licensee PAGEPress, Italy are also commonly seen in people without Mental Illness 2015; 7:6065 phenomena that originate as memory repre- otorhinolaryngological, neurological, or mental doi:10.4081/mi.2015.6065 illness pathology.1 sentations or pseudo-hallucinations akin to In his novel Musicophilia, Oliver Sacks evoked musical imagery, which transition into true hallucinations during the progression of writes that his patients with musical halluci- cal content that were obsessive-compulsive in the disease.
    [Show full text]
  • The Future Sound of Cities
    Invisible Places 18–20JULY 2014, VISEU, PORTUGAL The Future Sound of Cities Daniel Pope [email protected] Atkins, Bristol, UK Adam Lawrence [email protected] Atkins, Bristol, UK Inan Ekici [email protected] Atkins, Cambridge, UK Abstract More than half of the world’s population already live in cities and this is expected to reach 75 percent by 2050. In the developed world the effect of the growth of cities has often only been considered late in the day. This paper sets out future development scenarios for cities and urban areas, in developed and developing countries, and looks at the potential impact on soundscape. An evolving toolkit for city design is discussed. Proposals are made for great- er protection of humans, wildlife and tranquil areas and for the preservation of important “sound-marks” that identify a place. Keywords: Futures, Cities, Development, Scenario Planning, Noise, Soundscape, Acoustics. provisional version 1. Introduction The Global Health Observatory [1] has stated that as of 2010 more than 50% of the world’s population now lives in cities and predicted that this proportion will reach 75% by 2050. This paper looks out how this growth and changes within our cities may affect our soundscape and presents a toolbox of design tools to help guide the sound of cities. The burden of noise in cities affects our health and as cities grow is likely to affect great- er numbers if development continues as it has done historically. Noise has always been a problem when living in large social groups. Complaints about noise in cities are recorded as far back as Roman times.
    [Show full text]
  • Sacks Musicophilia Chapter 29.Pages
    Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain by Oliver Sacks (2007) Chapter 29 Music and Identity: Dementia and Music Therapy Of the five hundred or so neurological patients at my hospital, about half have dementia of various sorts—from multiple strokes, from cerebral hypoxia, from toxic or metabolic abnormalities, from brain injuries or infections, from frontotemporal degeneration, or, most commonly, from Alzheimer’s disease. Some years ago, Donna Cohen, a colleague of mine, after studying our large population of patients with Alzheimer’s, coauthored a book called The Loss of Self. For various reasons, I deplored the title (though it is a very good book as a resource for families and caregivers) and set myself to contradicting it, lecturing here and there on “Alzheimer’s Disease and the Preservation of Self.” And yet, I am not sure that we were in real disagreement. Certainly someone with Alzheimer’s loses many of his powers or faculties as the disease advances (though this process may take many years). The loss of certain forms of memory is often an early indicator of Alzheimer’s, and this may progress to a profound amnesia. Later there may be impairment of language and, with the involvement of the frontal lobes, loss of subtler and deeper powers, like judgment, foresight, and the ability to plan. Eventually a person with Alzheimer’s may lose some fundamental aspects of self-awareness, in particular the awareness of their own incapacities. But does the loss of one’s self-awareness, or some aspects of mind, constitute loss of self? Shakespeare’s Jaques, in As You Like It, considering the seven ages of man, sees the final one as “sans everything.” Yet though one may be profoundly reduced and impaired, one is never sans everything, never a tabula rasa.
    [Show full text]