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Neighborhood Emergency Networks in Uzhhorod, Ukraine and Corvallis Oregon, U.S.A.: Women's Neighborhood Network and Linn-Benton Neighborhood Emergency Training

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Neighborhood Emergency Networks in Uzhhorod, Ukraine and Corvallis Oregon, U.S.A.: Women's Neighborhood Network and Linn-Benton Neighborhood Emergency Training AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Naomi Weidner for the degree of Master of Arts in Applied Anthroolov presented on March 5. 2004. Title: Neighborhood Emergency Networks in Uzhhorod, Ukraine and Corvallis Oregon, U.S.A.: Women's Neighborhood Network and Linn-Benton Neighborhood Emergency Training Abstract appRedacted for privacy Roberta Hall This thesis examines two neighborhood emergency preparedness programs: the Linn-Benton Neighborhood Emergency Training(LB NET)program in Corvallis, Oregon, U.S.A., and the Women's Neighborhood Networking Program(WNNP)in Uzbhorod, Ukraine. In Corvallis, theLB NETbegan in 1996, in part out of concerns that in a large disaster the local emergency agencies would not be able to provide immediate service to all disaster victims. The program encourages the residents in neighborhoods to work together to become better prepared for natural or other disasters, and to be self- sufficient for 72 hours following an event. For this study I interviewed the organizers of 14 neighborhoods between October 2001 and February 2003. Oregon State University Office of International Research and Development used theLB NETas a model to develop a project in Uzhhorod funded by U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. TheWNNPwas funded for one year beginning in July 2000, with a one-year extension. The project included four trips from the U.S. to Uzhhorod: to conduct a needs assessment, participant selection and initial training;twoconsulting/mentoring trips; and for the project finale in April 2002. All project participants and two Ukrainian coordinators traveled to Corvallis for three weeks training in April 2001. For this study theWNNP participants were interviewed in Corvallis in April 2001 and in Uzhhorod in April 2002. This thesis examines how the Uzhhorod program evolved from the Corvallis program, and similarities and differences between theWNNPparticipants and the LB NETorganizers, including neighborhood demographics, and organizer motivation, volunteer activities and social networks. In the conclusions section, I discuss environments where each program might be successfully duplicated. @ Copyright by Naomi Weidner March 5, 2004 All Rights Reserved Neighborhood Emergency Networks in Uzhhorod, Ukraine and Corvallis, Oregon, U.S.A.: Women's Neighborhood Network and Linn-Benton Neighborhood Emergency Training by Naomi Weidner A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Presented March 5, 2004 Commencement June 2004 Master of Arts thesis of Naomi Weidner presented on March 5, 2004 APPROVED: Redacted for privacy Roberta Hall, representing Applied Anthropology Redacted for privacy Chair of Anthropology Redacted for privacy Dean of the Gra!uate School I understand that my thesis will become part of the permanent collection of Oregon State University libraries. My signature below authorizes release of my thesis to any reader upon request. Redacted for privacy Naomi Weidner, Author ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study would not have been possible without the cooperation of the Linn- Benton Neighborhood Emergency Training neighborhood organizers and the participants of the Women's Neighborhood Network. I thank you not only for your patience during my interviews, but also for your participation in your neighborhood project to make your neighborhood and our communities safer places to live. The Ukrainian project co-coordinators Tamara Gritso and Zita Bathori-Tartsi helped in so many ways, including organizing interviews and gathering information about Uzhhorod. I especially thank Tamara for assistance after theWNNPproject ended by helping me understand life in Uzhhorod, from land ownership to the school system. I thank my Ukrainian interpreters, Katherine Bazilia, Mary Radetsky and Tanya Galkina in Uzhhorod, and Victor Lychyk, Vitaly Pechenuk and Matilda Kuklish in Corvallis. I greatly appreciate your help in bridging the communications barrier. I thank Peggy Peirson of the Benton County Office of Emergency Management for providing valuable input about emergency preparedness in Corvallis, and for being a friend. I am deeply indebted to Marion McNamara. Without your friendship and vision, neither the Women's Neighborhood Network project nor this study would have taken place. I am grateful to the support of my committee and to my major professor, Dr. Roberta Hall. I know I lingered longer than most students; I appreciate your understanding, as well as your gentle nudges to finish. During most of my time as a graduate student at OSU I worked in the College of Pharmacy. I thank Evelyn Madison, Dean Wayne Kradjan and Dean Richard Ohvall for the support and flexibility that allowed me to travel to Uzhhorod. Bruce Miller, you enrich my life. Thank you for always being beside me. TABLE OF CONTENTS ige INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................1 LIMITATIONS..............................................................................................................4 DEFINITIONOF TERMS................................................................................................5 UKRAINE AND RUSSIA A LITrLE HISTORY.............................................................6 UZHHOROD, TRANSCARPATHIA, UKRAINE.................................................................9 WOMEN' S NEIGHBORHOOD NETWORK PROJECT......................................................13 The Participant Interviews and Selection...........................................................14 ProjectActivities ................................................................................................16 Participant activities prior to training in theU.S...........................................16 U.S.team member activities prior to the participant training in theU.S......17 Participant training in theU.S.......................................................................18 Participant activities after training in theU.S................................................21 U.S.team member activities after participant training in theU.S.................22 Project finale in Uzhhorod.............................................................................22 Post-projectafter April2002 ......................................................................25 CORVALLIS, OREGON, U.S.A ...................................................................................25 LINNBENTON NEIGHBORHOOD EMERGENCY TRAINING (LB NET) ............................27 The LB NET Participants......................................................................................28 Pre-LB NET Neighborhood Activities ..................................................................28 LBNET Activities ................................................................................................29 Neighborhood meetings.................................................................................29 Other emergency preparedness activities ......................................................32 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) ge LITERATUREREVIEW.............................................................................................33 CAPACITY BUILDING................................................................................................33 COMMUNITY AND NETWORKS..................................................................................33 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS....................................................................................35 CostEffectiveness..............................................................................................35 Disasters as Social Events..................................................................................36 Emergency Preparedness Programs and Materials.............................................37 Emergency Preparedness and Risk Perception...................................................40 GENDER AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS..............................................................41 WOMEN IN RUSSIA AND POST-SOVIET UKRAINE......................................................43 DISASTER ISSUES IN UKRAINE AND THE SOVIET UNION...........................................44 Poverty Increased with Independence................................................................44 MajorDisasters in USSR .................................................................................... 45 Chomobyl Nuclear Accident, April 26, 1986................................................45 Armenian Earthquake, December1988.........................................................49 Disasters in Ukraine...........................................................................................49 DISASTERSIN OREGON.............................................................................................50 ANTHROPOLOGICAL TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION...............................................53 ParticipantObservation...................................................................................... Interviews........................................................................................................... 54 UnobtrusiveObservation....................................................................................55 Rapid Assessment Process (RAP)......................................................................56 METHODS AND STRATEGIES................................................................................58 INTERVIEWS............................................................................................................
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