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Eduard L. Danielyan Progressive British Figures' Appreciation of Armenia's Civilizational Significance Versus the Falsified
INSTITUTE OF HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA EDUARD L. DANIELYAN PROGRESSIVE BRITISH FIGURES’ APPRECIATION OF ARMENIA’S CIVILIZATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE VERSUS THE FALSIFIED “ANCIENT TURKEY” EXHIBIT IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM YEREVAN 2013 1 PUBLISHED WITH THE APPROVAL OF THE SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL OF THE INSTITUTE OF HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA This work was supported by State Committee of Science MES RA, in frame of the research project № 11-6a634 “Falsification of basic questions of the history of Armenia in the Turkish-Azerbaijani historiogrpahy”. Reviewer A.A.Melkonyan, Doctor of History, corresponding member of the NAS RA Edited by Dr. John W. Mason, Pauline H. Mason, M.A. Eduard L. Danielyan Progressive British Figures’ Appreciation of Armenia’s Civilizational Significance Versus the Falsified “Ancient Turkey” Exhibit in the British Museum This work presents a cultural-spiritual perception of Armenia by famous British people as the country of Paradise, Noah’s Ark on Mt. Ararat-Masis and the cradle of civilization. Special attention is paid in the book to the fact that modern British enlightened figures call the UK government to recognize the Armenian Genocide, but this question has been politicized and subjected to the interests of UK-Turkey relations, thus being pushed into the genocide denial deadlock. The fact of sheltering and showing the Turkish falsified “interpretations” of the archaeological artifacts from ancient sites of the Armenian Highland and Asia Minor in the British Museum’s “Room 54” exhibit wrongly entitled “Ancient Turkey” is an example of how the genocide denial policy of Turkey pollutes the Britain’s historical-cultural treasury and distorts rational minds and inquisitiveness of many visitors from different countries of the world.The author shows that Turkish falsifications of history have been widely criticized in historiography. -
Shirak Guidebook
Wuthering Heights of Shirak -the Land of Steppe and Sky YYerevanerevan 22013013 1 Facts About Shirak FOREWORD Mix up the vast open spaces of the Shirak steppe, the wuthering wind that sweeps through its heights, the snowcapped tops of Mt. Aragats and the dramatic gorges and sparkling lakes of Akhurian River. Sprinkle in the white sheep fl ocks and the cry of an eagle. Add churches, mysterious Urartian ruins, abundant wildlife and unique architecture. Th en top it all off with a turbulent history, Gyumri’s joi de vivre and Gurdjieff ’s mystical teaching, revealing a truly magnifi cent region fi lled with experi- ences to last you a lifetime. However, don’t be deceived that merely seeing all these highlights will give you a complete picture of what Shirak really is. Dig deeper and you’ll be surprised to fi nd that your fondest memories will most likely lie with the locals themselves. You’ll eas- ily be touched by these proud, witt y, and legendarily hospitable people, even if you cannot speak their language. Only when you meet its remarkable people will you understand this land and its powerful energy which emanates from their sculptures, paintings, music and poetry. Visiting the province takes creativity and imagination, as the tourist industry is at best ‘nascent’. A great deal of the current tourist fl ow consists of Diasporan Armenians seeking the opportunity to make personal contributions to their historic homeland, along with a few scatt ered independent travelers. Although there are some rural “rest- places” and picnic areas, they cater mainly to locals who want to unwind with hearty feasts and family chats, thus rarely providing any activities. -
Armenian Church Timeline
“I should like to see any power of the world destroy this race, this small tribe of unimportant people, whose history is ended, whose wars have all been fought and lost, whose structures have crumbled, whose literature is unread, whose music is unheard, whose prayers are no longer uttered. Go ahead, destroy this race. Let us say that it is again 1915. There is war in the world. Destroy Armenia. See if you can do it. Send them from their homes into the desert. Let them have neither bread nor water. Burn their houses and their churches. See if they will not live again. See if they will not laugh again.” –William Saroyan ARMENIAN CHURCH TIMELINE 1. Birth of the Holy Savior Jesus Christ in Bethlehem. Years later, an Armenian prince, Abqar of Edessa (Urfa), invites Jesus to his court to cure him of an illness. Abgar’s messengers encounter Jesus on the road to Calvary and receive a piece of cloth impressed with the image of the Lord. When the cloth is brought back to Edessa, Abgar is healed. 33. Crucifixion, Resurrection and Ascension of Jesus Christ On the 50th day after the Resurrection (Pentecost)the Holy Spirit descends upon the Apostles gathered in Jerusalem. 43. The Apostle Thaddeus comes to Armenia to preach Christianity. He is martyred in Artaz in southeastern Armenia. 66-68. The Apostle Bartholomew preaches in Armenia. He is martyred in Albac, also in southeastern Armenia. The Armenian Church is apostolic because of the preaching of the Apostles Thaddeus and Bartholomew in Armenia. 75. King Sanatruk and his daughter, Sandoukht convert to Christianity. -
Saint Gayane Church
Masarykova univerzita Filozofická fakulta Seminář dějin umění Saint Gayane Church Bakalárska diplomová práca Autor: Michaela Baraničová Vedúci práce: prof. Ivan Foletti, MA, Docteur es Lettres Brno 2020 ii Prehlasujem, že som svoju bakalársku diplomovú prácu vypracovala samostatne a uviedla všetkú použitú literatúru a pramene. .............................................................. Podpis autora práce iii iv On the ancient peak of Ararat The centuries have come like seconds, And passed on. The swords of innumerable lightnings Have broken upon its diamond crest, And passed on. The eyes of generations dreading death Have glanced at its luminuos summit, And passed on. The turn is now yours for a brief while: You, too, look at its lofty brow, And pass on! Avetik Isahakyan, “Mount Ararat”, in Selected Works: Poetry and Prose, ed. M. Kudian, Moscow 1976. v vi My first sincere thanks belong to my thesis’ supervisor, prof. Ivan Foletti, for his observations, talks and patience during this time. Especially, I would like to thank him for introducing me to the art of Caucasus and giving me the opportunity to travel to Armenia for studies, where I spent five exciting months. I would like to thank teachers from Yerevan State Academy of Arts, namely to Gayane Poghosyan and Ani Yenokyan, who were always very kind and helped me with better access of certain Armenian literature. My gratitude also belongs to my friends Susan and colleagues, notably to Veronika, who was with me in Armenia and made the whole experience more entertaining. To Khajag, who helped me with translation of Armenian texts and motivating me during the whole process. It´s hard to express thanks to my amazing parents, who are constantly supporting me in every step of my studies and life, but let me just say: Thank you! vii viii Content Introduction.........................................................................1 I. -
The 7 Most Endangered 2016 Archaeological Site of Ererouyk And
The 7 Most Endangered 2016 Programme run by Europa Nostra, the Voice of Cultural Heritage in Europe, in partnership with the European Investment Bank Institute Archaeological Site of Ererouyk and village of Anipemza, Armenia Technical report Table of contents 1. Summary and recommendations 2. Location and purpose 3. Context 4. Description and scope 5. Technical aspects 6. Implementation and calendar 7. Environment, sustainability, social 8. Use, demand, market 9. Investment cost 10. Potential alliances and sources for funding the project Appendices 1. Rationale for investing in tourism 2. Detailed description of the site and its components 3. Details related to the scope of the project 4. Methodological approach – Guidelines for the implementation of works 5. Promoters and potential partners 6. Meetings, missions and actions taken so far 7. Photographic support and general map of the site Mario Aymerich and Guy Clausse Technical Consultants, EIB Institute Luxembourg, March 2017 1 1. Summary Foreword This report is prepared within the cooperation on the 7 Most Endangered Heritage Sites between Europa Nostra and the European Investment Bank Institute. The content of this report is the result of meetings, interchange of information and discussions between experts from different organizations. Europa Nostra, the leading Cultural Heritage organization in Europe, supported this project through the participation of qualified experts that volunteered for the realization of the assessment of the site during 2016 and experts from EIB Institute have drafted this report. The project The Ererouyk site, identified as one of the “7 Most Endangered Sites” of Europe in 2016, is situated to the North West of Yerevan on a rocky plateau next to the Akhourian River. -
The Cathedral of Ani, Turkey from Church to Monument
chapter 25 The Cathedral of Ani, Turkey From Church to Monument Heghnar Z. Watenpaugh* Located on a remote triangular plateau overlook- by a ‘historic partnership’ between the Ministry ing a ravine that separates Turkey and Armenia, and the World Monuments Fund, and partially the medieval ghost city of Ani was once a cul- financed by the us Department of State’s Amba- tural and commercial center on the Silk Road ssadors Fund.2 These high-profile government (Figures 25.1, 25.2). Now, it is the largest cultural initiatives occur at a time of unprecedented heritage site in Eastern Turkey. Ani boasts a diverse deliberation within Turkish civil society about the range of extraordinary ruins—ramparts, churches, country’s foundation and modern history. Indeed, mosques, palaces, and rock-carved dwellings, built an ongoing and contested debate has questioned over centuries by successive Christian and Muslim the tenets of official Turkish historiography, such dynasties. However, its most celebrated monu- as the idea of the monolithic nature of Turkish ments are Armenian churches from the tenth to identity; it has rediscovered the religious and eth- the thirteenth centuries. Ani is inextricably linked nic diversity of Turkish society; and has sought to to this Armenian Christian layer, a sense captured uncover and acknowledge repressed episodes of by its medieval name, ‘The City of 1001 Churches.’ the twentieth century, focusing in particular on Ani’s Cathedral is arguably the site’s most iconic the destruction of the Armenian communities of structure, the one most endowed with world archi- Anatolia through genocide. While the Ministry’s tectural importance (Figure 25.3). -
Stereotomy and the Mediterranean: Notes Toward an Architectural History*
STEREOTOMY AND THE MEDITERRANEAN: * NOTES TOWARD AN ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY SARA GALLETTI DUKE UNIVERSITY Abstract Stereotomy, the art of cutting stones into particular shapes for the construction of vaulted structures, is an ancient art that has been practiced over a wide chronological and geographical span, from Hellenistic Greece to contemporary Apulia and across the Mediterranean Basin. Yet the history of ancient and medieval stereotomy is little understood, and nineteenth- century theories about the art’s Syrian origins, its introduction into Europe via France and the crusaders, and the intrinsic Frenchness of medieval stereotomy are still largely accepted. In this essay, I question these theories with the help of a work-in-progress database and database-driven maps that consolidate evidence of stereotomic practice from the third century BCE through the eleventh century CE and across the Mediterranean region. I argue that the history of stereotomy is far more complex than what historians have assumed so far and that, for the most part, it has yet to be written. Key Words Stereotomy, stone vaulting, applied geometry, history of construction techniques. * I am very grateful to John Jeffries Martin and Jörn Karhausen for reading drafts of this essay and providing important suggestions. I am also indebted to the faculty and students of the Centre Chastel (INHA, Paris), where I presented an early version of this essay in April 2016, for helping me clarify aspects of my research. Philippe Cabrit, a maître tailleur of the Compagnons du devoir de France, helped me immensely by generously sharing his knowledge of the practice of stereotomy. This essay is dedicated to Maître Cabrit as a token of my gratitude. -
The Capital of the Bagratuni Kingdom of Medieval Armenia
The Capital of the Bagratuni Kingdom of Medieval Armenia "There is a glorious city in Armenia by the name of Ani where are 1000 churches and some 100 000 families inhabit”". VINCENT DE BEAUVAIS (1190-1264) Dominican monk The map was compiled in Germany in 853 and shows the situation in X century. Extract from the Shpruner Atlas. The Armenian Highland is the geographical which, starting from VI c. BC, the Yervanduni area separated within the mountain ranges (Orontid) rulers, founders of the Armenian of the Lesser Caucasus, Pontus, Meghedukh, kingdom and the inheritors of the history and Taurus and those shaping the northern edge culture of Urartu, anchored their dynasty. Un- of Zagros, where the Armenian people took its der their reign the capital was transferred from origin from/since time immemorial and creat- Tushpa-Van to Armavir. ed its millennial history and culture. Henceforth, during the course of time, the Already during the Neolithic and Eneolithic successive Armenian dynasties, proceeding periods early farming communities gradual- from the expediency of their times, moved ly emerged in the Armenian Highland which the capital of Armenia from one location to flourished in the early Bronze Age (IV-III mil- another. During the reign of Artaxids (189 lennia BC). In the II millenium BC ancient state BC¬1 AD), the capital was transferred from formations appeared here (Tegarama, Nairi, Ar mavir to the newly-built Artashat (and to Ha yasa-Azzi, Arme-Shupria, etc.); later, in Tigranakert, for a short while): Under the Ar- IX c. BC, one of the most powerful states of shakuni (Arsakid) dynasty reign (66¬428), the ancient Middle East Urartu (Kingdom of the city of Dvin became the capital of Arme- Van) - emerged in the area. -
Stereotomy and the Mediterranean: Notes Toward an Architectural History*
STEREOTOMY AND THE MEDITERRANEAN: * NOTES TOWARD AN ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY SARA GALLETTI DUKE UNIVERSITY Abstract Stereotomy, the art of cutting stones into particular shapes for the construction of vaulted structures, is an ancient art that has been practiced over a wide chronological and geographical span, from Hellenistic Greece to contemporary Apulia and across the Mediterranean Basin. Yet the history of ancient and medieval stereotomy is little understood, and nineteenth- century theories about the art’s Syrian origins, its introduction into Europe via France and the crusaders, and the intrinsic Frenchness of medieval stereotomy are still largely accepted. In this essay, I question these theories with the help of a work-in-progress database and database-driven maps that consolidate evidence of stereotomic practice from the third century BCE through the eleventh century CE and across the Mediterranean region. I argue that the history of stereotomy is far more complex than what historians have assumed so far and that, for the most part, it has yet to be written. Key Words Stereotomy, stone vaulting, applied geometry, history of construction techniques. * I am very grateful to John Jeffries Martin and Jörn Karhausen for reading drafts of this essay and providing important suggestions. I am also indebted to the faculty and students of the Centre Chastel (INHA, Paris), where I presented an early version of this essay in April 2016, for helping me clarify aspects of my research. Philippe Cabrit, a maître tailleur of the Compagnons du devoir de France, helped me immensely by generously sharing his knowledge of the practice of stereotomy. This essay is dedicated to Maître Cabrit as a token of my gratitude. -
Decorated Flat Surfaces and the Invention of Design in Armenian Architecture of the Bagratids Era1
DECORATED FLAT SURFACES AND THE INVENTION OF DESIGN IN ARMENIAN ARCHITECTURE OF THE BAGRATIDS ERA1 Armen Yu. KAZARYAN Research Institute for Theory and History of Architecture and Town Planning, Moscow State Institute for Art Studies, Moscow Abstract: The present paper for the first time brings forward the issue of changes which occurred in the medieval Armenian architectural decoration during most important period of the Bagratids era: from early 10th to the first half of the 11th century. These changes are characterized by the penetrating of design principles into fundamentally classical architecture. The onset of this innovation may have been marked by the work of great architect Manuel, the builder of the church on the island of Ałt‘amar (915–921), and Trdat, the builder of the Argina (970s) and the Ani Cathedrals (last quarter of the 10th century) and the church of Gagkashen in Ani (1001). In the facades’ details of the abovementioned churches, one can find the presence of new ornamented elements – ribbons – flat horizontal belts and window frames. Another novelty was the ornamented flat ceilings and edges of the tented roof of zhamatun (for-church) in the Horomos monastery (1038) and the decoration of the 11th–century khachkars. These examples illustrate even greater freedom and departure from traditional architectural tectonics. In addi- tion to that, architects of Ani have focused on the principles and referencing the forms of classical Greco-Roman antiquity; and on the other hand, it had respond- ed to the innovations of the architecture of the East, in particular medieval Iran, which entered that time a new prosperous stage. -
The Zhamatun of Horomos: the Shaping of an Unprecedented Type of Fore-Church Hall
Transkulturelle Perspektiven 3/2014 - 1 - و Armen Kazaryan The Zhamatun of Horomos: The Shaping of an Unprecedented Type of Fore-church Hall The complex of monastic buildings of Horomos, cre- to work on a book about this monastery, and, thanks ated in the tenth to thirteenth centuries, is one of the to my Turkish colleagues and the program “Ani in largest in medieval Armenia and in the whole Christian Context”, 7 I had the possibility to visit the ensemble East. Even in its present half-ruined condition this ar- twice (in 2012 and 2013). chitectural ensemble impresses with its spatial char- acteristics, and with its refinement and conformity In the course of this study, I paid particular attention with the natural landscape. Horomos was, perhaps, to numerous buildings that marked the shaping of the most significant monastery in the vicinity of Ani, new architectural types based on the prototypes es- the medieval capital of Armenia, 1 now located in east- tablished at Horomos. This innovative phenomenon ern Turkey. At first, scholarly attention was drawn to was rare in medieval architectural traditions with their the importance of Ani, thanks to publications by nine- well-established typology and a limited number of ar- teenth-century European travelers and the excava- chitectural plans. Often, these were only lightly modi- tions of the Archeological Institute of the Imperial fied and reproduced. Yet in Horomos, there were no Academy of Science in Saint Petersburg (until 1917) less than four radically new plans: the fore-church hall under the supervision of Nikolai Marr. Architect Toros called zhamatun , the entry arch with two chapels Toramanyan, who worked in region since 1903, began above the pylons, a two-story mausoleum with tree to study and to measure the buildings of the monas- chapels above the liturgical hall, and hall-reliquaries. -
Company with Sustainable Development
Company with Sustainable Development Tsitsernakaberd Park, Sport and Concert Complex, 0028, Yerevan, RA +374 11 50 28 88 [email protected] actigroup.am History We started back in 1996 by organizing may be the most challenging event till now – the “International Symposium on the Application of Metabolic Regulation of Pain”. It took place in Yerevan and Stepanakert (Nagorno Karabakh) right after the war with almost no hotels, meeting rooms, restaurants or any infrastructure. Consecutive successfully organized events (conferences, congresses, seminars, round tables, etc…) were permanently adding up to our expertise and skill. Welcoming foreign scientists and having as one of our goals their exposure to local culture and heritage, as well as taking full care of their leisure during their stay in Armenia, eventually grew us into experts in the field of corporate tourism… As a result, on 6 April 2006 we registered ActiTour as a separate legal entity specializing in event planning and tourism. During 11 years we grew up and decided to use possibilities and our experience in a new direction. We conclude agreements with Pharmaceutical companies and representation offices of International organizations in Armenia in field of Outsourcing and Outstaffing services. We really proud that Acti Tour is the pioneer of Outsourcing and Outstaffing services in Armenia. And the last but not the least step of our business development is name change. Starting from February 2017 we changed the name of company as ACTI GROUP LLC. Who we are? • Founded in 2006 • Pioneer of Outsourcing and Outstaffing services for Pharma Business • Market leader in MICE (Meeting, Incentive, Conferences and Events) • Organized more than 4000 events and tours • Currently employing a team of more than 70 permanent staff and a large number of freelancers • Among 600 biggest taxpayers of Armenia Our achievements • Preferred DMC for a number of key clients including “Philip Morris Armenia”, “GazpromBank Russia”, “Ernst and Young”, Pernod Ricard Armenia, ArArAt brandy company and many more.