DOCSLIB.ORG

EUROPEANIZATION in CONTEXT by Francesco

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
EUROPEANIZATION in CONTEXT by Francesco REFORMING ITALY’S BUDGET PROCESS, 1960-1999: EUROPEANIZATION IN CONTEXT by Francesco Stolfi Laurea in Economia e Commercio, Università di Roma, 1995 M.A. in Urban Studies, Portland State University, 1998 M.A. in Political Science, University of Pittsburgh, 2001 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2006 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH FACULTY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Francesco Stolfi It was defended on April 10, 2006 and approved by Mark Hallerberg, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Emory University Anibal Perez-Liñan, Assitant Professor, Department of Political Science B. Guy Peters, Professor, Department of Political Science Claudio M. Radaelli, Professor, Department of Politics, University of Exeter Dissertation Advisor: Alberta Sbragia, Professor, Department of Political Science ii Copyright © by Francesco Stolfi 2006 iii THE REFORMS OF ITALY’S BUDGET PROCESS, 1960-1999: EUROPEANIZATION IN CONTEXT Francesco Stolfi, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2006 By studying the reforms of Italy’s budget institutions this research aims to define the factors that explain the timing and content of institutional and policy reform in the context of extreme policy stability. It argues that the timing of reform depends on the preferences regarding the status quo of the parties in the government majority, and that these preferences depend on the nature of the party system (whether it allows government alternation or not) and on the type of electoral rules. Specifically, lack of government alternation and the use of proportional representation minimize the likelihood of reform, since it gives incentives to parties to develop a distributive policy orientation. Conversely, government alternation and the use of plurality rules make reform easier by making parties more programmatic, namely by changing their electoral calculus in favor of the provision of substantive rather than merely distributive policies. Moreover, reform may at times occur even in the presence of a government majority with a strong distributive orientation. In this case, in order for reform to occur policy entrepreneurs must be able to exploit the pressure of exogenous factors, such as the weakening of the electoral support for the government parties to force the government majority to accept the reform. Among these exogenous factors, a potentially crucial role could have been played by European pressure. However, this research, using a bottom-up approach, has concluded that in most cases of reform Europeanization has been a contributing, rather than the main explanatory factor. As regards the content of reform, this research has shown that in most reform episodes the content of the reforms has been shaped by “master ideas”- such as economic planning in the 1960s and New Public Management in the 1990s – connecting the structure of the fiscal policy institutions to broader attempts to reform the way the Italian State operates. This conclusion iv provides an ideational argument that contrasts with institutionalist arguments that are skeptical of an independent causal role for ideas in explaining how fiscal institutions are chosen. v TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE......................................................................................................................................X 1.0 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 THE ITALIAN CASE ......................................................................................... 2 1.1.1 Italy’s pattern of policymaking.................................................................... 5 1.2 EXISTING EXPLANATIONS........................................................................... 9 1.3 THE ARGUMENT ............................................................................................ 11 1.3.1 Timing: The factors affecting the preferences of the veto players ......... 12 1.3.2 The content of reform................................................................................. 14 1.4 PLAN OF THE BOOK ..................................................................................... 14 2.0 THEORY AND RESEARCH DESIGN ................................................................... 16 2.1 THE TIMING OF REFORM AND PARTY PREFERENCES .................... 16 2.1.1 The factors affecting the policy orientation of the government parties. 17 2.1.2 Policy entrepreneurs and the timing of reform........................................ 20 2.2 ELECTORAL FORMULAS ............................................................................ 22 2.3 EUROPEANIZATION...................................................................................... 26 2.4 POLICY ENTREPRENEURS ......................................................................... 27 2.5 THE CONTENT OF REFORM....................................................................... 28 2.6 CASE SELECTION, RESEARCH DESIGN AND VARIABLE OPERATIONALIZATION............................................................................................... 32 2.6.1 Case selection: Why Italy, why fiscal policy institutions......................... 32 2.6.2 Research design........................................................................................... 34 2.6.3 A bottom-up approach to the study of Europeanization......................... 35 2.6.4 Studying the content of the reforms.......................................................... 37 2.6.5 The timing of the reforms........................................................................... 38 vi 2.6.6 The content of the reforms......................................................................... 41 3.0 OVERVIEW............................................................................................................... 43 3.1 A FRAGMENTED BUDGET PROCESS ....................................................... 44 3.2 THE REFORMS OF THE BUDGET PROCESS........................................... 49 3.3 CONCLUSIONS................................................................................................ 56 4.0 THE 1960S AND LAW 62/64.................................................................................... 57 4.1 THE TIMING OF THE 1964 REFORM......................................................... 58 4.2 THE CONTENT OF THE 1964 REFORM .................................................... 60 4.3 THE FAILED REFORM OF THE BUDGET MINISTRY (LAW 48/67) ... 66 4.3.1 The timing of the reform ............................................................................ 66 4.3.2 The content of the reform........................................................................... 68 4.4 CONCLUSIONS................................................................................................ 72 5.0 THE 1970S AND LAW 468/78.................................................................................. 75 5.1 THE TIMING OF THE REFORM.................................................................. 76 5.2 THE CONTENT OF THE REFORM ............................................................. 83 5.3 CONCLUSIONS................................................................................................ 91 6.0 THE 1980S AND LAW 362/88.................................................................................. 92 6.1 THE TIMING OF THE REFORM.................................................................. 93 6.2 THE REFORM COMMUNITY AND THE CONTENT OF THE REFORM 98 6.2.1 The reform community............................................................................... 98 6.2.2 The content of the reform......................................................................... 101 6.3 THE ELIMINATION OF THE SECRET VOTE IN PARLIAMENT....... 110 6.4 CONCLUSIONS.............................................................................................. 113 7.0 THE BUDGET REFORM OF THE 1990S – NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT, PARTY CRISIS AND NEW ELECTORAL RULES............................................................ 115 7.1 EXPLAINING THE TIMING OF THE REFORMS: PARTIES AND THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS..................................................................... 119 7.1.1 The new electoral law ............................................................................... 120 7.1.2 The impact of the electoral law................................................................ 121 7.1.3 Countervailing factors.............................................................................. 123 vii 7.1.4 The Amato government (1992-1993)....................................................... 127 7.1.5 The electoral referendum and the Ciampi government (1993-1994) ... 134 7.1.6 The Berlusconi and Dini governments (1994-1996)............................... 138 7.1.7 The Prodi and D’Alema I governments (1996-1999)............................. 140 7.2 THE REFORM COMMUNITY..................................................................... 146 7.3 EXPLAINING THE CONTENT OF THE REFORMS: IDEAS................ 159 7.3.1 The reforms of the Amato and Ciampi governments (1992-1994): Legislative decree 29/93 and law 537/93 ................................................................ 162 7.3.2 Stall in the reform process: The Berlusconi and Dini governments (1994- 1996) 165 7.3.3 The new reform season of the Prodi government (1996-1998): Laws 94/97 and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE SINGLE-MEMBER PLURALITY and MIXED-MEMBER PROPORTIONAL ELECTORAL SYSTEMS : Different Concepts of an Election
    THE SINGLE-MEMBER PLURALITY AND MIXED-MEMBER PROPORTIONAL ELECTORAL SYSTEMS : Different Concepts of an Election by James C. Anderson A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Political Science Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2006 © James C. Anderson 2006 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Library and Bibliotheque et Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-23700-7 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-23700-7 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce,Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve,sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet,distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform,et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Responsiveness, Capture and Efficient Policymaking
    CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y DOCENCIA ECONÓMICAS, A.C. ELECTIONS AND LOTTERIES: RESPONSIVENESS, CAPTURE AND EFFICIENT POLICYMAKING TESINA QUE PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE MAESTRO EN CIENCIA POLÍTICA PRESENTA JORGE OLMOS CAMARILLO DIRECTOR DE LA TESINA: DR. CLAUDIO LÓPEZ-GUERRA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO SEPTIEMBRE, 2018 CONTENTS I. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 II. Literature Review ..................................................................................................... 6 1. Political Ambition .............................................................................................. 6 2. Electoral Systems and Policymaking ................................................................. 7 3. The Revival of Democracy by Lot ..................................................................... 8 III. Lottocracy in Theory .............................................................................................. 12 IV. Elections and Lotteries ........................................................................................... 14 1. Responsiveness ................................................................................................. 14 2. Legislative Capture ........................................................................................... 16 3. Efficiency.......................................................................................................... 18 V. A Formal Model of Legislator’s Incentives ..........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • La Festa Della De Fa Il Pieno Di Assenze Tra Gli Alleati
    POLITICA INTERNA SS Firenze W Catania, retromarcia psi Dopo Martelli, forfait Doppia carica di De Mita? Sconfessato La Ganga, del ministro del Lavoro: Andreotti: la mediazione SALA DIBATTITI CENTRALE i socialisti ora bocciano Formica è rimasto spetta al capo del governo, Ore 18.00: Personaggi e fatti tra '08 a '68 «Dubcek e la Primavera di Praga» l'intesa istituzionale a Roma per ordine di Craxi non al leader del partito Partecipano: Paolo Bufalim, Renzo Foa. Giuseppa Tamburrano Puro Pieralll Ori 21.00: Idae a programmi par la sinistra Partecipano: Giovanni De Micheli», Giovanni Ferrara, Giovanni Mat­ I socialisti fanno marcia indietro e bocciano la tioli, Aldo Tortorella, Uvia Turco proposta di una giunta ìsiluzlonale a Catania. Due Fabrizio Franceschini secchi no sono arrivati dal segretario regionale SALA DIBATTITI 2 Buttila e dal presidente dei deputati Capria. E' una La festa della De fa il pieno Ora».!»: I diritti dalla persona il cittadini a il potare ecanomleo» sconfessione di Giuseppe La Ganga che a quella Gianni Ferrara, Nario Nasi, Laura Pennacchi, Maltinto ipotesi aveva invece dato il suo placet. Oggi si Riva, Michela Salvati riunisce la Direzione socialista.il Pei: «Il ripensa­ Presiedi: Walter Ghlselli mento socialista sarebbe un fatto grave». TENDA UNITA di assenze tra gli alleati Ori 21.00: Preientarione del volumi: «Il '88», di Pappino Ondava a «Il '68 vant'annl dopo», di Massimo Chinili (Editori Riuniti) •Tal ROMA. «No, quella pro­ Psdi, lista civica e Pri, lo stes­ Rino Formica resta a casa, come gli ha ordinato che finché le polemiche so­ Partecipano: Gli autori, Wtodek Goldkorn, Cesare Luporini, Paole posta di giunta istituzionale so che a line luglio, mandan­ Craxi.
    [Show full text]
  • Commissione Tecnica Per La Spesa Pubblica Elenco Dei
    Ministero del Tesoro COMMISSIONE TECNICA PER LA SPESA PUBBLICA ELENCO DEI DESTINATARI DELLE DELLA CeTeS.P. Numero 4 Febbraio ·1989 ·~Q..H~ )C;iqo CR 9/1989 Roma,lS/02/89. l PRESIDENTE DEL CONSIGLIO E MINISTRI On.le Giulio ANDREOTTI Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri Palazzo Chigi 00187 - R O M A On.le Gianni DE MICHELIS Ministro degli Affari Esteri Piazzale della Farnesina, l 00194 - R O M A On.le Antonio GAVA Ministro dell'Interno Palazzo Viminale 00184 - R O M A On.le Giuliano VASSALLI Ministro di Grazia e Giustizia Via Arenula 00186 - R O M A On.le Dott. Guido CARLI Ministro del Tesoro Via XX Settembre 97 S E D E On.le Prof. Paolo CIRINO POMICINO Ministro del Bilancio e della Programmazione Economica Via XX Settembre 97 S E D E On.le Rino FORMICA Ministro delle Finanze Viale Boston 00144 - R O M A On.le Virginio MARTINAZZOLI Ministro della Difesa Via XX Settembre 8 00187 - R O M A On.le Gerardo BIANCO Ministro della Pubblica Istruzione Viale Trastevere 76/A 00153 - R O M A Sen. Giovanni PRANDINI Ministro dei Lavori pubblici P.le Porta Pia 00198 - R O M A Prof. Vito SACCOMANDI Ministro dell'Agricoltura e Foreste Via XX Settembre 20 00187 - R O M A On.le Carlo BERNINI Ministro dei Trasporti Piazza della Croce Rossa 00161 - R O M A On.le Oscar MAMMI' Ministro delle Poste e Telecomunicazioni Viale America 00144 ROM A On.le Adolfo BATTAGLIA Ministro dell' Industria, Commercio ed Artigianato Viale Molise, 2 00187 - R O M A Sen.
    [Show full text]
  • Statuto E Attività 1962-2012
    ISTITUTO PER LA DOCUMENTAZIONE E GLI STUDI LEGISLATIVI Sotto l’Alto Patronato del Presidente della Repubblica STATUTO E ATTIVITÀ 1962-2012 JOVENE EDITORE NAPOLI 2012 ISLE Via del Plebiscito 102 - 00186 ROMA Tel. 06 679 5142 - Fax 06 679 3449 [email protected] DIRITTI D’AUTORE RISERVATI © Copyright 2012 ISBN 978-88-243-2109-9 JOVENE EDITORE Via Mezzocannone 109 - 80134 NAPOLI NA - ITALIA Tel. (+39) 081 552 10 19 - Fax (+39) 081 552 06 87 web site: www.jovene.it e-mail: [email protected] Printed in Italy Stampato in Italia ISTITUTO PER LA DOCUMENTAZIONE E GLI STUDI LEGISLATIVI Sotto l’Alto Patronato del Presidente della Repubblica UFFICIO DI PRESIDENZA Presidente Onorario Antonio Maccanico Presidente Giovanni Pieraccini Vicepresidenti In rappresentanza In rappresentanza dei Soci ordinari: dei Soci collettivi: Augusto Barbera Giuseppe Mazzei Francesco D’Onofrio Segretario Generale Silvio Traversa Consiglio Direttivo Augusto Barbera A.B.I. Francesco D’Onofrio Domenico Siniscalco ASSOGESTIONI Gaetano Gifuni Alessandro Rossi Casa Editrice Dott. Eugenio Jovene s.r.l. Giuseppe Guarino Giuseppe Mazzei Il Chiostro Vincenzo Lippolis ENEL Antonio Maccanico GRUPPO FERROVIE DELLO STATO Donato Marra Giovanni Ialongo Massimo Sarmi Giovanni Pieraccini POSTE ITALIANE S.P.A. Massimo Scioscioli Gaetano Blandini Paolo Agoglia Elisabetta Serafin SIAE Franco Bernabé Silvio Traversa TELECOM ITALIA Ugo Zampetti UNICREDIT Tesoriere Massimo Scioscioli Revisori dei Conti Gaetano De Vito - Sebastiano Piana - Francesco Sposato INDICE GIOVANNI PIERACCINI, Presentazione.................................................................. p. 7 SILVIO TRAVERSA, Introduzione........................................................................... » 11 ANTONIO MACCANICO, La nascita dell’ISLE ...................................................... » 15 ANTIGONO DONATI, I primi quindici anni dell’ISLE......................................... » 19 GIULIANO AMATO, La Scuola di Scienza e Tecnica della Legislazione..............
    [Show full text]
  • IL PRESIDENTE DELLA REPUBBLICA RICEVE in UDIENZA Giovedì 16 Maggio 1963
    IL PRESIDENTE DELLA REPUBBLICA RICEVE IN UDIENZA giovedì 16 maggio 1963 10,00 - On. Dott. Pietro CAMPILLI, Presidente dell'Istituto di Studi per lo sviluppo Economico, con l'On. Prof. Antigono DONATI, Presidente del Comitato Esecutivo, ed il Dott. Enrico de Gennaro, Direttore dell'ISVE, ed i partecipanti al corso di studi promosso dall'Istituto (40 persone circa). IL PRESIDENTE DELLA REPUBBLICA RICEVE IN UDIENZA - Venerdì, 17 maggio 1963 - 12,30 - Sen. Carlos LLERES RESTREPO 19,00 - Sen. Prof. Giovanni GRONCHI, ex Presidente della Repubblica (Vetrata) IL PRESIDENTE DELLA REPUBBLICA RICEVE IN UDIENZA - Sabato, 18 maggio 1963 - CONSULTAZIONI 9,30 - Sen. Cesare MERZAGORA, Presidente del Senato della Repubblica 10,15 - On. Prof. Avv. Giovanni LEONE, Presidente della Camera dei Deputati 11,00 - Sen. Avv. Giuseppe PARATORE, ex Presidente del Senato della Repubblica 11,45 - Sen. Avv. Meuccio RUINI, ex Presidente del Senato della Repubblica 12,30 - On. Dott. Giuseppe SARAGAT, ex Presidente dell'Assemblea Costituente ( Vetrata ) 17,10 - (partenza ore 17 circa) - Piazza di Siena - Disputa del "Premio delle Nazioni" del Concorso Ippico In= ternazionale (termine: ore 19 circa). PRESIDENZA DELLA. REPUBBLICA - Cerimoniale - Intervento del Presidente della Repubblica e della Signora Segni al Concorso Ippico Internazionale di Piazza di Siena (Premio del le Nazioni) ROMA - sabato , 18 maggio 1963 ^^^^^^^^^^^^ 17,00 - circa _ (in attesa di comunicazione) - il Presidente della Repubblica e la Signora Segni lasciano la Palazzina in automobile. La vettura presidenziale è preceduta da una macchina di servizio con il Capo del Cerimoniale della Presidenza della Repubblica, il Consigliere Militare Aggiunto di servizio ed il Comandante dei Corazzieri ed e seguita da altre due vetture: la prima con il Segretario Generale della Presidenza del la Repubblica e la Signora Strano, la seconda con il Consigliere Militare, il Consigliere Diplomatico ed il Capo della Segreteria Particolare del Presidente della Repubblica.
    [Show full text]
  • Tutti Gli Uomini Del Quirinale
    mini dossier Tutti gli uomini del Quirinale I 12 Presidenti della Repubblica dal 1948 al 2015 Numero 1 | Gennaio 2015 Tutti gli uomini del Quirinale - I 12 Presidenti della Repubblica dal 1948 al 2015 mini dossier Sommario 3 INTRODUZIONE 5 CAPI DI STATO A CONFRONTO Le differenze nei Paesi UE • Età dei Capi di Stato Europei • Genere dei Capi di Stato Europei • Sistema istituzionale • Elezione diretta nelle Repubbliche Parlamentari 8 11 PRESIDENTI PER 12 Mandati Chi erano e cosa hanno fatto • I Presidenti delle Repubblica Italiana • Quale partito ha espresso più Presidenti • Cursus Honorum dei Presidenti della Repubblica • Gli incarichi più frequenti prima del Colle 11 IL PRESIDENTE RAPPRESEntantE DELL’uNITÀ NAZIONALE Gli scrutini necessari ed il consenso ottenuto • Elezione Presidente: i voti • Elezione Presidente: gli scrutini 14 IL PRESIDENTE E I GOVERNI Il ruolo politico del Quirinale • I Presidenti del Consiglio incaricati • Voto anticipato - i Presidenti che hanno sciolto le Camere • Il colore politico dei Presidenti e dei Governi 18 GLI atti DEI PRESIDENTI Senatori a vita, giudici, onorificenze e clemenze • Le nomine: Giudici Costituzionali e Senatori a vita • Le motivazioni dei Senatori a vita • Le clemenze concesse • Le onorificenze conferite 22 IL FUTUro DEL QUIRINALE Gli schieramenti dei grandi elettori • Elezioni Presidenziali 2013 - Chi ha votato? • Elezioni Presidenziali 2015 - Chi voterà? - Le proiezioni 25 I DISCORSI DEL PRESIDENTE Analisi testuali in 60 anni di Italia • 66 anni di discorsi - I più corti e i più lunghi • Verso un linguaggio diretto • Le tre parole più ricorrenti discorso dopo discorso • Le parole più ricorrenti in 66 discorsi di fine anno • Crisi, Giovani, Europa, Giustizia e Pace - 5 temi a confronto 2 mini dossier 24.047 i giorni di mandato totali dei 12 Presidenti 105 Introduzione scrutini totali per le elezioni dei 12 Presidenti 60 Il Presidente della Repubblica è garante della Costituzione, Capo governi nominati dello Stato italiano e rappresentante dell’unità nazionale.
    [Show full text]
  • Between the Local and the National: the Free Territory of Trieste, "Italianita," and the Politics of Identity from the Second World War to the Osimo Treaty
    Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2014 Between the Local and the National: The Free Territory of Trieste, "Italianita," and the Politics of Identity from the Second World War to the Osimo Treaty Fabio Capano Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Capano, Fabio, "Between the Local and the National: The Free Territory of Trieste, "Italianita," and the Politics of Identity from the Second World War to the Osimo Treaty" (2014). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 5312. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/5312 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Between the Local and the National: the Free Territory of Trieste, "Italianità," and the Politics of Identity from the Second World War to the Osimo Treaty Fabio Capano Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Modern Europe Joshua Arthurs, Ph.D., Co-Chair Robert Blobaum, Ph.D., Co-Chair Katherine Aaslestad, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Equality, Freedom, and Democracy OUP CORRECTED AUTOPAGE PROOFS – FINAL, 16/09/20, Spi OUP CORRECTED AUTOPAGE PROOFS – FINAL, 16/09/20, Spi
    OUP CORRECTED AUTOPAGE PROOFS – FINAL, 16/09/20, SPi Equality, Freedom, and Democracy OUP CORRECTED AUTOPAGE PROOFS – FINAL, 16/09/20, SPi OUP CORRECTED AUTOPAGE PROOFS – FINAL, 16/09/20, SPi Equality, Freedom, and Democracy Europe After the Great Recession By LEONARDO MORLINO with DANIELA PIANA MARIO QUARANTA FRANCESCO RANIOLO CECILIA EMMA SOTTILOTTA CLAUDIUS WAGEMANN 1 OUP CORRECTED AUTOPAGE PROOFS – FINAL, 16/09/20, SPi 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Leonardo Morlino 2020. Some rights reserved. © Chapter 2 © Leonardo Morlino, Claudius Wagemann, and Francesco Raniolo 2020. Chapter 3 © Leonardo Morlino and Daniela Piana 2020. Chapter 4 © Leonardo Morlino, Mario Quaranta, and Francesco Raniolo 2020. Chapter 5 © Leonardo Morlino and Francesco Raniolo 2020. Chapter 6 © Leonardo Morlino and Daniela Piana 2020. Chapter 7 © Leonardo Morlino, Daniela Piana, and Cecilia Sottilotta 2020. The moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in 2020 Impression: 1 Some rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, for commercial purposes, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. This is an open access publication, available online and distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial – No Derivatives 4.0 International licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), a copy of which is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
    [Show full text]
  • What Makes the Difference
    Universität Konstanz Rechts-, Wirtschafts-, und Verwaltungswissenschaftliche Sektion Fachbereich Politik- und Verwaltungswissenschaft Magisterarbeit to reach the degree in Political Science SUCCESS AND FAILURE IN PUBLIC PENSION REFORM: THE ITALIAN EXPERIENCE Supervised by: Prof. Dr. Ellen Immergut, Humboldt-Universität PD Dr. Philip Manow, Max-Planck Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung Presented by: Anika Rasner Rheingasse 7 78462 Konstanz Telephon: 07531/691104 Matrikelnummer: 01/428253 8. Fachsemester Konstanz, 20. November 2002 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. The Puzzle ............................................................................................................................... 1 2. Theoretical Framework ................................................................................................................... 3 2.1. Special Characteristics of the Italian Political System during the First Republic ................... 3 2.1.1. The Post-War Party System and its Effects..................................................................... 4 2.2. The Transition from the First to the Second Republic ............................................................ 7 2.2.1. Tangentopoli (Bribe City) ............................................................................................... 7 2.2.2. The Restructuring of the Old-Party System ...................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix A: Electoral Rules
    Appendix A: Electoral Rules Table A.1 Electoral Rules for Italy’s Lower House, 1948–present Time Period 1948–1993 1993–2005 2005–present Plurality PR with seat Valle d’Aosta “Overseas” Tier PR Tier bonus national tier SMD Constituencies No. of seats / 6301 / 32 475/475 155/26 617/1 1/1 12/4 districts Election rule PR2 Plurality PR3 PR with seat Plurality PR (FPTP) bonus4 (FPTP) District Size 1–54 1 1–11 617 1 1–6 (mean = 20) (mean = 6) (mean = 4) Note that the acronym FPTP refers to First Past the Post plurality electoral system. 1The number of seats became 630 after the 1962 constitutional reform. Note the period of office is always 5 years or less if the parliament is dissolved. 2Imperiali quota and LR; preferential vote; threshold: one quota and 300,000 votes at national level. 3Hare Quota and LR; closed list; threshold: 4% of valid votes at national level. 4Hare Quota and LR; closed list; thresholds: 4% for lists running independently; 10% for coalitions; 2% for lists joining a pre-electoral coalition, except for the best loser. Ballot structure • Under the PR system (1948–1993), each voter cast one vote for a party list and could express a variable number of preferential votes among candidates of that list. • Under the MMM system (1993–2005), each voter received two separate ballots (the plurality ballot and the PR one) and cast two votes: one for an individual candidate in a single-member district; one for a party in a multi-member PR district. • Under the PR-with-seat-bonus system (2005–present), each voter cast one vote for a party list.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of the European Monetary Union and Useful for Opening up New Horizons
    The financial and economic crisis that hit Europe in 2009 brought out the precariousness of the monetary union, accentuating the economic disequilibrium among European nations and strengthening Euro-skepticism. The History of the European The crisis was the catalyst for long-standing and unresolved problems: the creation of a singly monetary area with intergovernmental control, the Monetary Union final act in the construction of a Europe economically united but without a government and a state; the consequent discrepancy between forming a consensus that remains in large part national and the political dynamics in Comparing Strategies amidst Prospects Europe; the sustainability of a monetary union in the absence of an economic- for Integration and National Resistance social union, which presents again the long-standing debate between “monetarist” countries and “economist” countries. This book aims at placing current events within a long-term framework composed of a mosaic of multidisciplinary contributions that can provide the reader with keys which are adequate for an understanding of these events The History of the European Monetary Union and useful for opening up new horizons. Daniela Preda is Full Professor at the University of Genoa and Jean Monnet Chair ad personam in History of European Integration. Former president of the Associazione universitaria di Studi Europei (Italian section of ECSA), she is Daniela Preda (ed.) a member of the Scientific Board for the PhD program in History (University Daniela Preda (ed.) of Pavia). Her most important research interests concern the history of the European Community and the history of the federalist movements. She published many books and essays; she co-edited with Daniele Pasquinucci the following books published by P.I.E.
    [Show full text]