NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY National Science and Technology Authority

National Scientists:

JuanS. Salcedo, Jr., M.D. Alfredo C. Santos, Dr. phil. Gregorio Y. Zara*, Dr. Sci , M.D. Eduardo A. Quisumbing, Ph.D. Geminiano T. de Ocampo, M.D. *, Ph.D. Gregorio Velasquez, Ph.D.

Executive Council

Paulo C. Campos, M.D. President Melecio S. Magno, Ph.D. Vice-President Tito A. Mij·ues, Ph.D. Secretary Jose Encarnacion, Jr., Ph.D. Member Raymundo A. Favila, Ph.D. Member Francisco 0. Santos, Ph.D. Member Carmen C. VP.lasquez, Ph.D. Member

Academicians:

Teodoro A. Agoncillo, Litt. D. (honoris causa) , Ph.D. Clare R. Baltazar, Ph.D. Juiian Ba.nzon, Ph.D. Luz 0. Belardo, Ph.D. Benjamin D. Cabrera, M.D. Paulo C. Campos, M.D. Magdalena C. Cantoria, Ph.D. Amando M. Dalisay, Ph.D. Conrado S. Dayrit, Ph.D. JoseEncarnacion, Jr., Ph.D. Pedro B. Escuro, Ph.D. Raymundo A. Favila, Ph.D. Francisco M. Fronda, Ph.D. Emerita V. de Guzman*, Ph.D. Emil Q. Javier, Ph.D. Bienvenido 0. Juliano, Ph.D. Alfredo V. Lagmay, Ph.D. Cecilio F. Lopez*, Dr. phil. Melecio S. Magno, Ph.D. Fe del Mundo, M.D. Tito A. Mijares, Ph.D. Geminiano T. de Ocampo, M.D. Eduardo A. Quisumbing, Ph.D. Jose N. Rodriguez*, M.D. Casimiro del Rosario*, Ph.D. JuanS. Salcedo, Jr., M.D. Alfredo C. Santo&, Dr. phil. Francisco 0. Santos, Ph.D. Joventino D. Soriano, Ph.D. Clara Y. Lim-Sylianco, Ph.D. Dioscoro L. Umali, Ph.D. Carmen C. Velasquez, Ph.D. Gregorio T. Velasquez, Ph.D. Gregorio Y. Zara*, Ph.D.

* deceased flDfMF Bringing S&T

* * * This was the gist of the address At the investiture, Dr. Javier NAST Head Sets on Foot of the Director General of the spoke for an hour, taking off with In Reaffirming Dedication National Science and Technology these words: to Science Cause Authority, Dr. Emil Q. Javier, dur­ "When I was appointed Director ing the Investiture of New Acade­ General of the NST A, which is The opening remarks during the micians. He was also one of the equivalent to Minister of Science, Investiture of New Academicians, two newly-elected Academicians with it went my number one func­ namely Benjamin Cabrera, M.D., who took their oath at that colorful tion: to bringS & T to the parasitology and Emil Q. Javier, affair at the PICC last July 15th. service of the Filipino people." Ph.D., plant breeding and genetics, was delivered by the Academy (To next page) President, Dr. Paulo C. Campos. Director General.l:.vier delivers) In his remarks, he compared his address at the Investiture of the NAST to similar organizations New Academicians. in the developed countries and referred to the Academy as being There were only two invested relatively young. Yet, in the words this time, Dr. Javier and Dr. of the Academy head, "it is a most Benjamin Cabrera appropriate recognition for men and women in science who have en­ Below: At the luncheon given deavored to cultivate in our society. in honor of the National Scien­ the spirit of scholarship and re­ tists, from left are: Alfredo C. search." Santos, national scientist; Academy Stressing the significance of President Dr. P. C. Campos and S & T, he said: "it has become a Dr. Javier. major factor in human progress ... we are aware of the significant The luncheon followed right disparity in the socio-economic after the Investiture. V conditions between developed and underdeveloped societies. And this gap is progressively widening largely because of the superior scientific and technologica I capabilities of developed nattons. No less than our government is aware of this; and is increasingly pinning its hopes on our scientists and technologists to close the gap." He called forth on the Aca­ demicians "to join hands with the rest of our fellow scientists and reaffirm dedication, to the cause of science; and strengthen our resolve to harness our knowledge and ef­ , forts, that the living conditions of our fellow countrymen could be better and in so doing lift mankind J a little higher."

ACADEMY NEWS Page 3 Bringing S&T (from page 3)

He knew what his country institutions should be in close con­ scientists; R & D units being self­ needs and ought to be wanting tact with those they are to serve. regulating and functioning autono­ the Director General said and This, we hope to achieve by- mously; and the need to establish does not hesitate to lead the way, residential scientific communities. when he said - Providing technology transfer units in our line agencies-to serve We have the agricultural scientific With dedication and commit­ as a link between institutions community in Los Banos, basic ment the best among us, could and industry. Our R and D should sciences in Diliman and to rise help if not our own people at have an advisory board composed soon, the industrial scientific com­ least, a part of mankind ... to that of those from the private sector munity in Bicutan. state when we could be comfort­ and other lead agencies from Basic Research. Our require­ able enough to think that know­ the government sector ... ments for high level expertise ledge could get into the market­ will have to be trained in our na­ place of ideas and eventually into To make sure that these could became effective, we have adapted tional universities, locally to save the marketplace of goods and dollars. services. a system of councils, namely: the PCARRD, PCHRD and PCIERD Role of Private Sector in R and His talk reflected his desire to and NRCP. Although the last one D. Have the research foundations use S & T for the purposes of will remain a collegial body of locate more relevant research by man. scientists-the primary function linking them with research insti­ (Some observers professed to see of which is funding, coordinating tutions and universities. trends in that direction -editor.) and related tasks. He continued Excerpts: deducing that the creation of Unblocking the Road to the these councils also answer the Future Technological Development. It perennial question of whether is essentially the buildinp uo of a science could and should be He ended by citing the major basic capability for decision making directed. issues that should influence the and implementation in the genera­ National Comprehensive S & T scientists' national effort. These tion and application of scientific are: knowledge in the daily lives of plan. There is a challenge for us, people and in the affairs of enter­ the country is undergoing technical • BringS & T to the service of prises and the state. He went on change. Have we really inter­ the people; to explain. It is a continuous pro­ nationalized th1s technological change 1n our mst1tut1ons? These • Generating knowledge is not an cess which includes the stages of end in itself, in fact, we should technologies come from outside generation, diffusion and applica­ work ... providing a strong link without mvolving the local S tion of knowledge. between our scientific base and and T system. We are industrializing, Technological development takes education. yet in the words of many we place only when the three stages • Let us not neglect basic re­ the scientists are not technolo­ are harmoniously-developed and search. We cannot link something gizing. linked. Creation of new knowl­ with nothing. Have a strong scien­ edge constitutes a supply that We need to point out to the tific base. should be followed oy their appli­ national leadership, to the cap­ cation. The capacity to apply tains of industry and our people ... •Bring into the forefront of na­ knowledge on the other hand The technological requirements tional consciousness the import­ exerts a powerful demand- that increase dramatically along ance of S & T into national plan promotes external knowledge and the path of industrialization. and budget. The nationalS & T importation of technology. plan should provide positive steps Technological Independence and and environment, conducive to Self-Reliance. We should make ef­ Demand-Pull Approach. We have science and hand in hand provide fort to evaluate, select and adapt attempted a demand-pull ap­ incentives to scientists and private and improve upon foreign techno­ proach to technological develop­ sector. logy. And eventually develop in­ ment thereby compliment with our digenous technologies. • Let us make a serious effort of present supply-push effort. articulating ourS & T plan towards Let us articulate a comprehen­ To begin with the activities of siveS & T plan and this should be the present system --- we should a formal part of the 5-year national start with what the industry and th~·~·,·~ economic and social development our people demand and require. Our plan. Briefly, he moved on to the individual researchers as well as need for fixed tenures of office for

Page 4 ACADEMY NEWS its fourth time The Anr1ual Scientific MeetingoftheAcademy

Sometime in July, during the National Science and their own problems. Eventually, Technology Week, scientis~s, researchers come out from their these reinforcers find a counterpart laboratories, desks or classtoom and turn to scientific in the unseen response of the sessions-either to read their paper or simply listen and parti­ organisms either in imagination, cipate. In short, the scientists literally go out, they go to the visualizations, fantasy, dreams and people and for the Academicians, it was a matter of routine, thinking. because they have been holding this scientific meeting every One can obtain reinforcing year since 1979. effects by following a response This year was no exception. Just as the National Science with an imagined reinforcing ex· and Technology Week got in season, the Academy once more, perience. The eloquent Psychology was plunged into yet another of its hectic simultaneous professor continued, citing that for scientific meetings. example, an hour's work on the The papers presented at this year's scientific meet type-writer could be reinforced by reflect various levels of concern. following it with a visualization of A resome of the papers, the details: an eating session or a scene on the sunny beach with the cool winds blowing on your face. Important practice either in laboratory or in o SOCIAL SCIENCE pointers excerpted from his paper- the natural setting. In the words of Alfredo lagmay, Academic­ Dr. Lagmay, rewards, in the form o An aversive experience is ian on The Reinforcement of of food, water, praise, attention, reconditioned by imaginatively Behavior: Theoretical and money, and the like are given in pairing it with a pleasant episode order to strengthen behavior. Practical Issues in the Experi­ in one's life. In education and clinical prac­ mental Concept. o Success and failure specially tice, rewards tend to be the usual in competition may thus not culturally-accepted reinforcers such In his paper, Dr. Lagmay chose affect the person whose belief on the word reward instead of rein­ as money, privileges, cigarettes, system does not consider success forcers, it is an easier word to both sex, attention, praise and the like. and avoidance of failure as He cleared up by saying that food, the layman and scientist. Reward, important to their times. he said, expresses an idea that is personal recognition, money and more easily recognized in actual sex as rewards, however, generate (To next page)

At the social sciences session, chaired by Alfredo V. Lagmay, (second from left) Academician, as he presents his paper on the Rein­ forcement of Behavior. He is flanked by discussants Virgilio G. Enriquez, Ph.D.; Fr. Jaime Bulatao, S.J., Ph.D.; and Horacio R. Estrada, M.D.

ACADEMY NEWS Page 5 Scientific Meeting... ffrom page 5J

Encarnacion Alzona, Acade­ mician on the Three Letters of Apolinario Mabini (1864- 1903).

These three letters were all addressed to Cayo Alzona (1869- 1927), who was Mabini's class­ mate at the Faculty of Law at UST. His classmates then admired his extraordinary brilliance. One of these letters mentioned his election as President of the Supreme Court by the Congress. This was quest­ ioned, according to Mabini. In his letter, he stated, that "they allege only physical incapacity ... for I can write and think as a healthy man. He said that if the law says that crippled men are unqualified for all judicial post, my election could be annulled ..." In her paper, Dr. Alzona reite­ Encarnacion A/zona, Academi­ her right is a representative of rated that to the Filipino in general, cian, as she reads the Three. Letters Serafin D. Quiazon, Ph.D. Mabini was the brilliant, consistent of A. Mabini. To her left is Dr. Lagmay looks on. and tireless defender of their Gregorio F. Zaide, Ph.D. and to human right, of their political in­ dependence. Romeo M. Bautista, Ph.D., on The Recent Tariff Reform and Effective Protection Rates in Manufacturing Industries. An assessment of the impact of the on-going tariff reform on "effective protection rates" in the manufacturing sector was made. He stressed that is, under the as­ sumption that the scheduled tariff rate changes will be fully imple­ mented. Also an assessment of how the scheduled tariff changes from '81 to '85 would affect relative incentives for manufacturing in­ dustries, abstracting from any changes that might be implemented in other policy areas. Dr. Bautista disclos~ in his paper, adding that Romeo M. Bautista, Ph.D. From left are: Gonza/o Jurado, even after the tariff reform a num­ ber of industries would continue presents the Recent Tariff Ph.D.;, Vicente Valdepenas, Ph.D., to be ht:avily-protected like meat Reform and Effective Protection Dr. Bautista, and Florian Rates in the Manufacturing products and processed fish and Albano, discussants. Industries. other seafoods. Excerpts from his research paper: {To page 10)

Page 6 ACADEMY NEWS NATIONAL SCIENTISTS 4fl.~

Eight National Scientists at the National Science and Technology Week Exhibit

During the duration of the observance of science. Ph otc above shows the Academy the National Science and Technology Week exhibit for the occasion. (J uly 11-17), exhibits from the National At the center portion are Juan S. Science and Technology Authorrty and from Salcedo, Jr., M.D. and Gregorio T . Zara, its different line and support agencies as well D. Sc. (deceased). as its councils- were displayed at the Left portion , top to bottom are: Alfredo Philippine International Convention Center. C. Santos, Dr. phil.; Gregorio T. Velasquez, And very distinctly, at the booth of the Ph. D.; and Geminiano T. de Ocampo, M.D. Nat ional Academy of Science and Technolo­ At right, top to bottom, are: Fe del Mundo, gy, t hey feat ured the eight national M.D., Eduardo Ouisumbing, Ph.D.; Casimiro scientists we have today. T he text showed del Rosario. Ph.D. (deceased). thei r works and achievemen ts in t he name of

ACADEMY NEWS Page 7 The Historic Proclamation of National Scientists zroRAM ·3, iiHA

Dr. Fe del Mundo is shown Paulo C. Campos is shown at right as President Mart:os bestows on her with other national scientists, the National Scientist's medallion namely: Dr. Geminiano T. de w.''h gold chain. Ocampo; Dr. At left is Director General Emil and Dr. Gregorio Velasquez 0. Javier, an Academician himself. (extreme right) and not in photo is While Academy President, Dr. Dr. Casimiro del Rosario.

National scientists have made pioneering are scientists selected from the present efforts as well as significant and exception­ members of the Academy. Foremost, for their ally-thorough contributions to knowledge in distinguished achievement as well as colla­ their respective field. Their dedication and borative ones in science and/or technology. courage including erudition and their persua­ The national scientists are given each a sive efforts made these. gratuity pay, the amount of which 1s fixed by Every year, the Academy recommends ten the Academy. The National Scientists, like­ scientists from the members of the National wise, are entitled to other benefits now Academy of Science and Technology for enjoyed by the National Artrsts. Presidential Awards. And we call the awardees The ocacasion drew different reacttons National Scientists. That is, when the from the crowd. It was enlightening to many President of the grants them the while inspiring to some. - Editor rank and title of "Natrona! Scientists". They

Page 8 ACADEMY NEWS ACADEMY NEWS Page 9 Scientific Meeting... (from page 6J o Post '85 tariff reserves need to be directed to such industries of excessive profits and/or low levels of efficiency -are to be discouraged. o In the past years, there was a sharp increased participation of public corporations and their subsidiaries in manufacturing activities and this is bound to increase with active promotion of the so·called 11 major indus· Ernesto M. Pernia, Ph.D. (third From left are discussants trial projects (MIPs) . Alejandro A. Herrin, Ph.D.; Lean­ o These MIPs represent a set from left) reads his paper on the dro Viloria, Ph.D. and Dr. Pemia of large scale capital intensive Performance and Prospectire and Lita S. Domingo, Ph.D. projects expected to be estab­ of Small and Intermediate Size lished during '83 to '87 to pro­ Cities. vide the "basic industrial in­ Small and intermediate size o ENGINEERING frastructures. Objective-that cities can really play a major the 11 MIPs will produce until role in promoting small indus­ Ely A.R. Ouano, Ph.D., on commodities and intermediate tries attributed to the fact inputs at internationally-compe­ that small enterprises can Pollution Control-An lncen· titive prices. prosper without the advantages tive for More Efficient In­ o With this, it is imperative that of agglo!lleration and urbaniza­ dustrial Process: The Oil Palm heavy protection from com­ tion economics present in large Processing Industry as a Case peting imports via increased cities. Study. tariffs and other import barriers He went on to discuss what the The pollutant generated from an be avoided. This consideration government can do to offer favor­ industry is part of the raw mate­ should be explicitly taken into able climate to small enterprise like rials purchased by the industry. The account in the feasibility studies providing inexpensive infrastruc­ higher the pollution generated from in order to establish true eco­ tures. In his paper, he recommends an industry the higher is the raw nomic viabilitY of the projects." to have- material wastage and pollution Independent researchers do npt o a more general policy on control cost, according to Dr. have access to the feasibility stu· SMCs before specific local Ouano. He presented the only dies of the 11 MIPs, he pounded projects are put in place. paper in Engineering at the NAST. hard, a situation not contributing o That SMCs can be expected However, he said, the cost of pollu­ to an informed public discussion, to flourish and thus sponta· tion control could be reduced by he said. neously serve as agents in rural improving the process efficiency of industrialization and regional the conversion of raw materials to lol ++ ... tc+ ++=+=+ ** development. (To next page) Ernesto M. Pernia, Ph.D., on the Performance and Prospective of Small and Intermediate-Size cities. On the whole, small and inter­ mediate size cities in the Philip­ pines experienced depressed growth rates during the 50's and the 60's. And this is a general trend in developing countries. Quoting Dr. Pernia, he said that: Small enterprises in the country hold a dominant posi· tion in the manufacturing sec­ Engineering session is chaired by piece on Pollution Control. tor, most specially in small Melecio S. Ma!11o, Academician Discussants are Edwin Lee, M.D. and intermediate cities out­ (second from right). leftmost and Benedicta L. Adan, side the industrial region. Ely A.R. Ouano, Ph.D. reads his Ph.D. at extreme right.

Page 10 ACADEMY NEWS useful products or by-products. nam&ly Polyporus cinnabarinus, orientation and community expo­ He indicated in his dissertation P. sanguineus, Lentinus squar­ sure of medical and paramedical that a number of industrial pro­ rusu/us, ca/vatia lilacina and graduates and undergraduates. cesses were developed when con­ Psathyra umbonate were success­ She deplores the present situa­ cern for the environment, raw ma­ fully grown in the laboratory tion of relying mostly on the rural terials, power and by-product utili­ and were found to produce the midwife and on local or indigenous zation was minimal The waste antibiotic substance. health workers adding that the type material or pollutant discharge was Some 40 basidiomycete of care may be second or third rate. once part of the raw materials pur­ samples were shown to have Linking hospitals with the com­ chased by the industry. He men­ inhibiting property on Ehrlich munity as part of medical training, tioned that treatment of the pol­ ascites tumor cell (EAT). according to her, could provide the luting effluent from an Industry Ether extracts of Sargassum medical trainees the opportunities should be considered a priority samples and Chlorella pyrenoi­ to understand the health needs and for an existing plant. The develop­ dosa, showed inhibitory activity problems of the communities, to re­ ment of more efficient processes, on the gram positive bacteria. late the causes of illness/diseases to he believes, could be stimulated Some species gave indication of problems of community environ­ by a properly motivated environ­ antitumor activity, she pointed ment and to realize the need to mental program. out. develop an integrated curative, pre­ Antibiotic research, she ventive, promotive and rehabilita­ *************** observed is a very expensive tive services to improve the quality o MEDICINE endeavor. One should have of :ife of the people. sufficient and available funds, in She presented simple and feasi­ Patrocinio Sevilla Santos order to keep experienced and ble ways of upgrading primary Ph.D., The Antibiotic and ' efficient research workers and health care in peripheral com­ Anti-tumor Activities of provide them with income, secu­ munities unreached by advances in Selected Philippine Thallo­ rity and facilities. modern technology and medical phytes. She recalled that this research progress. She pointed out that it is on antibiotics started at the Bu­ well known that primary health Microbes are the main producers reau of Research and Labora­ care has been accepted by all coun­ of antibiotics, she explained, but tories, Department of Health tries and all sectors as the key to in the search for new antibiotics under the sponsorship and guid­ achieving health for all in the next other organisms such as algae, ance of Dr. Walfrido de Leon Sr. two decades. lichens, green plants and even ani­ This was then transferred to the She chose to look forward pre­ mal cells were tapped. National Institute of Science and scribing that to prevent primary She mentioned the attempts to Technology, NSDB thru the health care from becoming second establish an antibiotic fermentation leadership of Dr. Paulino Garcia or third rate, she recommended plant. This is traced to the pro­ (Chairman), Dr. C. Manuel and two concepts: 1) linkages between the community and hospitals of gressive annual increase of 1.5 to Dr. J. Velasco, Commissioners, different levels and 2) reorientation 3 million dollars until the importa­ where it stayed for some time. of medical graduates. Simple built­ tion for antibiotics reached the At present, she is continuing this research at the Research Center in evaluation, a follow-up of the $20 million dollar mark in 1979. of the University of Santo accomplishments in the com­ Out of a total of 905 Streptomy­ Tomas. The research has been munities, and the effects of expo­ cetes studied, 466 showed vary- largely and generously funded sure and experiences in these areas ing degrees of activity against the by the National Research Coun­ in the medical participants are most gram positive, gram negative and cil of the Philippines. encouraging and noteworthy. acid fast bacteria, the yeast and yeast-like organisms, plant patho­ gens and Ehrlich ascites tumor Fe del Mundo, National o CHEMISTRY c211 she reported in her paper Scientist, on Linking Hospitals Julian A. Banzon, Academi­ adding that- with the Community and cian, on Decarboxylation of An initial su~vey of 172 basi­ Medical Reorientation Re­ the Fatty Acids of Coconut diomycetes gave 169 sporophore levant to Primary Health Care Oil. aqueous extracts which inhibited in the Philippines. mainly the gram positive test In her paper, Dr. del Mundo Here he presented the signific­ bacteria. Subsequent samples strongly suggests a referral system ance of ethylene production from also indicated the same inhibitory and linkages between hospitals coconut oil. Ethylene is the raw cfctivity. and the community. According to material needed in manufacture of Five basidiomycete species her, this should be done to improve polyethelene ware, sheets, pipes,

ACADEMY NEWS Page 11 Scientific Meeting ... (from page 11) fibers; extremely durable plastic the dark period seems to affect most destructive disease of corn in sheets; and lately even in the markedly only flower develop­ the country. manufacture of modern detergents. ment. It cannot replace short He recalled that the Philippines In the USA, ethanol is commercial­ days in flower induction. had an annual loss estimated at ly produced from ethylene. 3. Synthetic growth accele­ 205,470 m.t. of corn valued at The present industrial source of rators and growth inhibitor ,.267,111 ,000.00. ethylene is petroleum hence the seem to have supplementary Seed treatment. This fungicide need for local renewable sources, effects on short days. can control corn downy mildew Dr. Banzon commented. In India, 4. The youngest, fully exert­ from seedling emergence until har­ ethylene is produced from ethanol ed leaf seems to be most respon­ vest, easy to apply and only a small because of shortage of petroleum, sive to short day treatment, and amount is needed to sustain 100% he said, the case of India empha­ 5. The flowering stimulus control, he took note and con­ sizes the need to find replacements does not seem to migrate to cluded by stressing that-the dev­ of petroleum for fuel and manu­ other induced tillers. elopment and release or resistant facture of goods. varieties/hybrid to downy mildew The urgency of the situation is .***~ ** +=+*!=+=+ +f<* - and wide-scale planting of these shown by the following world varieties is another key factor that development: Ofelio R. Exconde, Ph.D., would provide solution to the once '69 Symposium on non-food on The Ouest for the Control dreaded corn downy mildew. uses of coconut oil; '76 study on of Philippine Corn Downy renewable sources for industrial Mildew. tct •*** f:>f:+ •+=+ *** materials in the USA; '78 world conference on future sources The corn downy mildrew con­ Carmen C. Velasquez, of organic materials; '79 new crop trol is not a history, Dr. Exconde Academician. on Accidental developr;nents for industrial oil; commented in his paper. The Human Philopthalmiasis in and '79 fats and oils as chemical recent breakthrough on the chemi­ the Philippines. intermediates. cal control of Philippine corn downy mildew according to him Dr. Velasquez related that three flukes out of six removed from the *******• f t:l::l:l:ll was caused by Perono:sclerospora philippinensis with the use of eye of a woman patient from the o BIOLOGICAL Apron 35 SO. This has answered north, was referred to her for the long sought solution to the diagnosis. Jose R. Velasco, Ph.D., on The Response of Rice to Light

Through the process of con­ jecture and refutation/confirma­ tion, according to Dr. Velasco in their research on the response of rice to light, they seem to have established the following facts and we quote: 1. The stage of ripeness to flower is attained at the rge of 15 days. However, the number­ a short day cycle for flower induction decreases as the plant grows older. The optimum age for short day treatment is 45-60 days. 2. If we schematize the pro­ cess of flowering into a) flower The biological Sciences session paper on the Ouest for the Control induction; b) flower and initia­ was chaired by Clare R. Baltazar, of Philippine Corn Downy Mildew. tion; and c) flower development, Academician. She is shown here at Others from left are: discussants short days seem to affect all the extreme left. Manuel M. Lantin, Ph.D. and 3 stages. On the other hand, Ofelia R. Exconde, Ph.D. Fernando F. Sanchez, Ph.D. mild temperature (210C) during (second from left) presents his

Page 12 ACADEMY NEWS For three years, the patient complained of lacrimation and purulent exudate. She presented that the trema­ todes belong to the genus Philop­ thalmus Leess, 1899 which was created for flukes infecting the eyes of birds. It was found out to be the first case of human philopthalmiasis in the Philippines and the third only in the world. An intensive research study was done on this, Dr. Velasquez drew this conclusion in her paper: ... That the philopthalmid infection from the human eye in the Philippines case might have taken place through the carcarial or metacarcarial stage directly by washing the face with conta­ Carmen C. Velasquez, Academi­ Others in photo are, from left: minated water or bathing in cian as she presents the Accidental contaminated waters frequented Clare Baltazar, Academician, Human Philopthalmiasis in the by birds. chairing the session; Dr. Geminiano Philippines. T. de Ocampo, national scientist ************** and Edito Garcia, M.D., discussant. Joventino D. Soriano, Academician, on Pesticide-In­ duced Chromosomal Aberra­ tions and Inheritance of Viable Seedlings Mutations in Sorghum. Pesticides used in tbe modern technology of crop production have been found to be sources of poten­ tially hazardous substances to man. A more or less continuous pesticide application is needed specially where cropping is year round. The types and frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and chlo­ rophyll mutations induced by Folidol pesticide was determined in this study. Likewise, touching on the inheritance of the viable types From left are: Joventino Soriano, as a Population Control Method of mutant seedling characters. Dr. Academician; Rafael Guerrero Ill, for Tilapias. Also shown are Jose Soriano stated in his paper, setting Ph.D. goes over his piece on Carreon, Ph.D. and Ernesto A. into the bottom, added that- Induced Androgenic Sex Reversal Rigor, Ph.D., discussants. The pesticide appears to be a more effective treatment for in­ ducing numeral rather than * * * structural changes in chromo­ Disappointing results from capital investment have been somes. caused by ignoring ecological consequences and problems concer­ In order to unravel new know­ ning the resource base. The ~osts for environmental protection and ledge for the advancement of processing waste must be paid either now or in the future. Incorpo­ manking, he strongly recommends ration of environmental protection and processing waste into the need to determine the useful by-products are recommended as the most effective methods genetic nature of induced mutant of handling waste. characters in experimental muta- genesis. - Environmental Protection Within the Context (To next page) of the Work of UN IDO

ACADEMY NEWS Page 13 Scientific Meeting.... rcont'd from page t3)

Rafael Guerrero Ill, Ph.D. iology, physiology and immuno­ between protoplast of nutritianally on Induced Androgenic Sex logy of the parasite. Or. Eduardo complementary auxotraphs of Reversal as a Population Con­ discussed in his paper stressing that volvariella volvaceae solutions con­ trol Method for Tilapias. the family Paramphistomidae is taining polyethelene glycol. no exception, actually it is a large Believing that additional in­ Tilapias are important food assemblage of species affecting formation derived from this work fishes, but its great disadvantage is almost all kinds of vertebrates. may be of great value to potential the prolific breeding habit. This mushroom investors, Dr. Santiago overpopulates and stunts growth, He admitted preparing speci­ figured out that it even may lay the killing some. Dr. Guerrero pointed mens for examination is already foundation for future breeding out that induced androgenic sex a tedious process, besides being experiments which would un­ reversal is one method that has time-consuming. So that those doubtedly lead to the discoverv of great promise fot controlling popu­ difficulty he cleared up, has led to high yielding strain. lations of the tilapia in commercial many inaccurate record of species culture. In his paper, he went into ensuing from misidentification. A Utili IIIII It* saying that- geographical distribution record of Androgen treated fish are not the species based on the literature John P. Peberdy, Ph.D., hazardous to husnan health is, he feared, far from accurate. from the University of while it is effective, easy to ap­ Nothingham, England on New Commenting on this he said, an­ ply and economical. other way of finding out other Technique for Genetic Mani­ Studies showed that 100% stable characters is to separate pulation of Industrial Micro­ males can be achieved with species of the group and this can organisms. treatment of ethynllestosterone ease this difficulty. In his paper, he and methylniltestesterone at 60 showed the techniques how to pre­ Natural mechanisms for recom­ mg./kg. and 30 mg/kg. diet, pare and process paramphistomes for bination in micro-organisms have respectively light and scanning electron micros­ long been understood. He disclosed The administration of oral copy. and adding that these include sexual androgens for sex reversal of and parasexual processes in fungi Tegumental papillae have some tilapias is relatively easy he said and more specialized mechanisms value in the identification of and there are three steps in­ in prokaryotes. However, strain paramphistomes, he concluded. volved. Briefly: 1) collection of improvement programmes for in­ They are of value at the specific newly-released fry measuring dustrially important micro-organ­ level as differences exist among 9-11 mm. total length from the isms have rarely involved these different species as to their occur­ brood pond; 2) rearing of fry in approaches, relying extensively on rence distribution and they are con­ suitable indoor tanks where they mutagenesis and selection. sistent in the same species even can be fed adequate amounts The past decade he commented, from different hosts and localities. of the androgen treated feed we have seen microbial genetics re­ throughout the necessary treat­ volutionized with the discovery ment period; and 3) stocking of **':+ +I I +I +!cl*l and development of other mechan­ androgen treated fry in produc­ isms for genetic recombination. tion ponds devoid of females. Clarp M. Santiago, Ph.D., The recombinant DNA technology on Intraspecific Hybridization which allows the manipulation of in Volvariella Volvaceae by single genes and the possibility of Salcedo L. Eduardo, Ph.D., Protoplast Fusion Technique. expression of foreign genes in on Value tYf Tegu­ prokaryotes, which he considers to mental Structures in the be the most dramatic. Increasing­ He dealt on the significant ly, Dr. Peberdy said, these tech­ Identification of Some Species development of fusion technology niques are being developed and of the Family Paramphisto­ made at intraspecific level which exploited in eukaryotes delivered midae Fishoeder, 1901 Occur­ may increase the possibility of to be useful for industrial pro­ ring in Mammals. improving different commercial cesses in the future. mushroom strain. He touched on the utilization Accurate identification of the A comprehensive investigation, of protoplast fusion as a tool for species involved is important in was undertaken to demonstrate polygenic recombination which he any parasitic infection as well as a heterokaryon formation follow­ weighs to be the second major prerequisite to studies of epidem- ing induced into a specific fusion aspect of this revolution.

Page 14 ACADEMY NEWS ~(flDf.M'P "I' q1fWS

-a quarterly newsletter published by the National Academy of Science and Technology Paulino Garcia Memorial Hall Pedro Gil. Corner Taft A venueJ - entered as Second-Class Mail at the Manila Cen.tral Post Office on December 5, 1980.

Editorial Board

Dr. Paulo C. Campos Dr. Melecio S. Magno Dr. Jose Encarnacion Jr Dr. Raymundo A. F;vil~ Dr. Francisco Santos Dr. Carmen C. Velasquez

• Darhl Salenga·Andaya, editor • Staff­ S. Ramos & N. Sering N. Banez

•