Polymorphisms of Coat Color Gene in Jeju Native Horse by Routine Genotyping
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List of Horse Breeds 1 List of Horse Breeds
List of horse breeds 1 List of horse breeds This page is a list of horse and pony breeds, and also includes terms used to describe types of horse that are not breeds but are commonly mistaken for breeds. While there is no scientifically accepted definition of the term "breed,"[1] a breed is defined generally as having distinct true-breeding characteristics over a number of generations; its members may be called "purebred". In most cases, bloodlines of horse breeds are recorded with a breed registry. However, in horses, the concept is somewhat flexible, as open stud books are created for developing horse breeds that are not yet fully true-breeding. Registries also are considered the authority as to whether a given breed is listed as Light or saddle horse breeds a "horse" or a "pony". There are also a number of "color breed", sport horse, and gaited horse registries for horses with various phenotypes or other traits, which admit any animal fitting a given set of physical characteristics, even if there is little or no evidence of the trait being a true-breeding characteristic. Other recording entities or specialty organizations may recognize horses from multiple breeds, thus, for the purposes of this article, such animals are classified as a "type" rather than a "breed". The breeds and types listed here are those that already have a Wikipedia article. For a more extensive list, see the List of all horse breeds in DAD-IS. Heavy or draft horse breeds For additional information, see horse breed, horse breeding and the individual articles listed below. -
Dynamic Technique Analysis of the Female Equestrian Rider
Dynamic technique analysis of the female equestrian rider Céleste A. Wilkins Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of the West of England for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences/Hartpury University June 2021 1 Abstract INTRODUCTION Advances in both measurement and analysis techniques offer the opportunity to assess the dynamics of the rider’s position in the saddle. As previous studies have used discrete measures to summarise the kinematics of the rider over the movement cycle or compared riders grouped by their experience level, many questions remain on the characteristics of the rider’s dynamic technique and the influence of dressage competition level. This thesis aimed to examine the competitive dressage rider’s pelvis, progressing from its static posture to analyses of the dynamic pelvic technique, and the rider’s coordination in a controlled environment using a riding simulator. METHODS Fifty-two nationally or internationally competitive female dressage riders volunteered and were measured by motion capture in simulated walk, trot, and canter, using a riding simulator and optical motion capture. Simulator-rider coordination was measured using the continuous relative phase (CRP) and CRP variability. The effect of rider competition level on CRP variability was assessed using statistical parametric mapping. The characteristics of simulator-pelvis harmony were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) on the CRP. Finally, riders were grouped by their trunk and pelvis coordination strategies using a self-organising map (SOM) and k-means clustering. RESULTS There were no significant correlations between static and dynamic pelvic tilt. Simulator- pelvis coordination was significantly less variable than simulator-trunk, simulator-left foot or simulator-head in medium trot. -
Electronic Supplementary Material - Appendices
1 Electronic Supplementary Material - Appendices 2 Appendix 1. Full breed list, listed alphabetically. Breeds searched (* denotes those identified with inherited disorders) # Breed # Breed # Breed # Breed 1 Ab Abyssinian 31 BF Black Forest 61 Dul Dülmen Pony 91 HP Highland Pony* 2 Ak Akhal Teke 32 Boe Boer 62 DD Dutch Draft 92 Hok Hokkaido 3 Al Albanian 33 Bre Breton* 63 DW Dutch Warmblood 93 Hol Holsteiner* 4 Alt Altai 34 Buc Buckskin 64 EB East Bulgarian 94 Huc Hucul 5 ACD American Cream Draft 35 Bud Budyonny 65 Egy Egyptian 95 HW Hungarian Warmblood 6 ACW American Creme and White 36 By Byelorussian Harness 66 EP Eriskay Pony 96 Ice Icelandic* 7 AWP American Walking Pony 37 Cam Camargue* 67 EN Estonian Native 97 Io Iomud 8 And Andalusian* 38 Camp Campolina 68 ExP Exmoor Pony 98 ID Irish Draught 9 Anv Andravida 39 Can Canadian 69 Fae Faeroes Pony 99 Jin Jinzhou 10 A-K Anglo-Kabarda 40 Car Carthusian 70 Fa Falabella* 100 Jut Jutland 11 Ap Appaloosa* 41 Cas Caspian 71 FP Fell Pony* 101 Kab Kabarda 12 Arp Araappaloosa 42 Cay Cayuse 72 Fin Finnhorse* 102 Kar Karabair 13 A Arabian / Arab* 43 Ch Cheju 73 Fl Fleuve 103 Kara Karabakh 14 Ard Ardennes 44 CC Chilean Corralero 74 Fo Fouta 104 Kaz Kazakh 15 AC Argentine Criollo 45 CP Chincoteague Pony 75 Fr Frederiksborg 105 KPB Kerry Bog Pony 16 Ast Asturian 46 CB Cleveland Bay 76 Fb Freiberger* 106 KM Kiger Mustang 17 AB Australian Brumby 47 Cly Clydesdale* 77 FS French Saddlebred 107 KP Kirdi Pony 18 ASH Australian Stock Horse 48 CN Cob Normand* 78 FT French Trotter 108 KF Kisber Felver 19 Az Azteca -
Treatment of Equine Sarcoid with the Mistletoe Extract ISCADOR® P
Pferdeklinik der Vetsuisse-Fakultät der Universität Bern (Leiter: PD. Dr. V. Gerber) Arbeit unter der Leitung von PD Dr. V. Gerber und Prof. Dr. R. Straub Treatment of Equine Sarcoid with the mistletoe extract ISCADOR® P (viscum album austriacus) - a double-blind placebo controlled study Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Vetsuisse-Fakultät der Universität Bern vorgelegt von Ophélie Clottu von Cornaux und Neuchâtel 2008 1 Von der Vetsuisse-Fakultät der Universität Bern auf Antrag von Prof. Dr. R. Straub als Dissertation genehmigt. Bern, den Der Dekan der Vetsuisse-Fakultät der Universität Bern 2 Treatment of Equine Sarcoid with the mistletoe extract ISCADOR® P (viscum album austriacus) - a double-blind placebo controlled study Summary Background: The Equine Sarcoid (ES) is the most common skin tumour in horses. It is difficult to treat: recurrence rate is high and no single universally effective treatment for ES is known. Viscum album extracts (VAE) are used as adjunct in the treatment of some human cancers without known side effects. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the long-term therapy with VAE (Iscador® P) is effective in Equine Sarcoids as a single treatment or as an adjunct treatment to selective surgical excision. Material and methods: Of 53 horses with ES, 42 were treated solely with VAE as monotherapy and 11 were treated after selective excision of ES. Horses were randomly assigned to the treatment group (VAE; n=32) or control group (Placebo; n=21). The horses received rising concentrations of Iscador® P extract from 0.1 mg per ml to 20 mg per ml or physiological NaCl solution 3 times a week over 105 days s.c. -
Sedation and Anesthesia in Military Horses and Mules. Review And
S S E E L L C C Sedation and Anesthesia in Military Horses and Mules. I I T T R R Review and Use in the Swiss Armed Forces. A A By S. MONTAVON∑, C. BAUSSIERE∏, C. SCHMOCKER∏ and M. STUCKI∏. Switzerland Stéphane MONTAVON Colonel Stéphane MONTAVON has been the Chief Veterinary Officer of the Swiss Army since 2003. He obtained his veterinary degree and completed his doctoral thesis at the Vetsuisse veterinary faculty in Bern. He was successively head of clinic at the Federal Army Horse Reserve in Bern, head of clinic at the National Stud in Avenches, resident and clinician at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at UC Davis (USA). He is a long-time member of the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP). He specializes in equine sports medicine and is an excellent rider and an official veterinarian of the (FEI) Federation Equestre Internationale. RESUME Sédation et anesthésie chez les chevaux et mules militaires. Revue et utilisation dans l'armée suisse. L'armée suisse utilise depuis plus de 100 ans différents types de chevaux pour des missions spéciales. Trois races sont utilisées : Les chevaux de race demi-sang suisse pour l'équitation, les chevaux Franches-Montagnes et les mulets comme « chevaux de bât » pour le transport. Cet article passe en revue les substances, dosages et voies d'administration qui permettent de réaliser des sédations et des anesthésies simples chez le cheval comme sur le mulet, dans le terrain et dans un contexte militaire. Cette contribution est aussi destinée aux autres armées qui utilisent des mulets dans la mesure où la littérature n'est pas très riche dans ce domaine. -
Survey of Risk Factors and Genetic Characterization of Ewe Neck in a World Population of Pura Raza Español Horses
animals Article Survey of Risk Factors and Genetic Characterization of Ewe Neck in a World Population of Pura Raza Español Horses María Ripolles 1, María J. Sánchez-Guerrero 1,2,*, Davinia I. Perdomo-González 1 , Pedro Azor 1 and Mercedes Valera 1 1 Department of Agro-Forestry Sciences, ETSIA, University of Seville, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; [email protected] (M.R.); [email protected] (D.I.P.-G.); [email protected] (P.A.); [email protected] (M.V.) 2 Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-9-5448-6461 Received: 31 July 2020; Accepted: 27 September 2020; Published: 1 October 2020 Simple Summary: Ewe Neck is a common morphological defect of the Pura Raza Español (PRE) population, which seriously affects the horse’s development. In this PRE population (35,267 PRE), a total of 9693 animals (27.12% of total) was Ewe Neck-affected. It has been demonstrated that genetic and risk factors (sex, age, geographical area, coat color, and stud size) are involved, being more prevalent in the males, 4–7 years old, chestnut coat, from small studs (less than 5 mares), and raised in North America. The morphological traits height at chest, length of back, head-neck junction, and bottom neck-body junction and the body indices, head index, and thoracic index were those most closely related with the appearance of this morphological defect. The additional genetic base of Ewe Neck in PRE, which presents low-moderate heritability (h2: 0.23–0.34), shows that the prevalence of this defect could be effectively reduced by genetic selection. -
Selected Readings on the History and Use of Old Livestock Breeds
NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY ARCHIVED FILE Archived files are provided for reference purposes only. This file was current when produced, but is no longer maintained and may now be outdated. Content may not appear in full or in its original format. All links external to the document have been deactivated. For additional information, see http://pubs.nal.usda.gov. Selected Readings on the History and Use of Old Livestock Breeds United States Department of Agriculture Selected Readings on the History and Use of Old Livestock Breeds National Agricultural Library September 1991 Animal Welfare Information Center By: Jean Larson Janice Swanson D'Anna Berry Cynthia Smith Animal Welfare Information Center National Agricultural Library U.S. Department of Agriculture And American Minor Breeds Conservancy P.O. Box 477 Pittboro, NC 27312 Acknowledgement: Jennifer Carter for computer and technical support. Published by: U. S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library Animal Welfare Information Center Beltsville, Maryland 20705 Contact us: http://awic.nal.usda.gov/contact-us Web site: www.nal.usda.gov/awic Published in cooperation with the Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine Policies and Links Introduction minorbreeds.htm[1/15/2015 2:16:51 PM] Selected Readings on the History and Use of Old Livestock Breeds For centuries animals have worked with and for people. Cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, poultry and other livestock have been an essential part of agriculture and our history as a nation. With the change of agriculture from a way of life to a successful industry, we are losing our agricultural roots. Although we descend from a nation of farmers, few of us can name more than a handful of livestock breeds that are important to our production of food and fiber. -
Comparison of the Interior Characteristics of Slovak Warmblood
Original scientific paper DOI: /10.5513/JCEA01/19.2.2153 Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2018, 19(2), p.295-307 Comparison of the interior characteristics of Slovak warmblood horses and Lipizzan horses Porovnanie interiérových vlastností koní slovenského teplokrvníka a lipicana Michaela HORNÁ*, Marko HALO, Eva MLYNEKOVÁ and Monika IVANČÍKOVÁ Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic, *correspondence: [email protected] Abstract One of the important factors that significantly affects the intensity and content of training and determines the performance it the horse interior. Character and temperament traits are described in the breeding goals of each breed of horse. The aim of this study was to analyze the horse interior and comparison the interior characteristics of two studied horse breeds Slovak warmblood horses and Lipizzan horses. Into the analysis were included 65 horses from National Stud Farm Topoľčianky, Slovak warmblood horses (n1 = 33) and Lipizzan horses (n2 = 32).Interior was analyzed through a questionnaire with 13 indicators with 10 point system, where 10 being the highest rating. Slovak warmblood horses become the highest ratings (average 89.1 pt, 74.42%) and Lipizzan horses (86.1 pt, 66.2%), so both breeds of horses can be considered as the breeds with balanced characteristics of temperament and character. But Lipizzan horses are more balanced, because their results had lower variability. There were insignificant differences between the analyzed horses in the studied breeds. Nevertheless, a several analyzes of individual indicators showed that between the Slovak warmblood horses and Lipizzan horses there is a significant difference in a single indicator of interior - 10 - Stress managing. -
Identification of Divergently Selected Regions in the Thoroughbred and Jeju Pony by Using Equine SNP Chip Array
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY ISSN Print: 1560–8530; ISSN Online: 1814–9596 19–0660/2019/22–5–1079–1086 DOI: 10.17957/IJAB/15.1172 http://www.fspublishers.org Full Length Article Identification of Divergently Selected Regions in the Thoroughbred and Jeju Pony by using Equine SNP Chip Array Sangwook Kim†, Byeonghwi Lim† and Kyoungtag Do* Lab of Equine Science, Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea *For correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] †These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract Allelic differences that are associated with traits suggest evidence for artificial selections. The sliding window approach can identify distinctly selected genomic regions between two breeds. The purpose of this study was to identify divergently selected regions between the Jeju pony (JP) and the Thoroughbred (THB) horse and to confirm the potential candidate genes. After a high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array was analyzed for 50 JP and 50 THB, 38,378 SNPs were selected. Observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and polymorphism information content were calculated to evaluate the genetic diversity of both breeds. All values for the JP were lower than those for the THB. An analysis was performed on 38,099 windows to identify the regions with the highest frequency of alleles between JP and THB. The sliding window average difference values were concentrated on 43 windows and were distributed in 10 regions. Furthermore, 19 candidate genes were detected inside the 10 regions. We found that 12 candidate genes mutually interact, and 4 candidate genes are involved in significant biological pathways. -
Horse Breeds - Volume 2
Horse breeds - Volume 2 A Wikipedia Compilation by Michael A. Linton Contents Articles Danish Warmblood 1 Danube Delta horse 3 Dølehest 4 Dutch harness horse 7 Dutch Heavy Draft 10 Dutch Warmblood 12 East Bulgarian 15 Estonian Draft 16 Estonian horse 17 Falabella 19 Finnhorse 22 Fjord horse 42 Florida Cracker Horse 47 Fouta 50 Frederiksborg horse 51 Freiberger 53 French Trotter 55 Friesian cross 57 Friesian horse 59 Friesian Sporthorse 64 Furioso-North Star 66 Galiceno 68 Galician Pony 70 Gelderland horse 71 Georgian Grande Horse 74 Giara horse 76 Gidran 78 Groningen horse 79 Gypsy horse 82 Hackney Horse 94 Haflinger 97 Hanoverian horse 106 Heck horse 113 Heihe horse 115 Henson horse 116 Hirzai 117 Hispano-Bretón 118 Hispano-Árabe 119 Holsteiner horse 120 Hungarian Warmblood 129 Icelandic horse 130 Indian Half-Bred 136 Iomud 137 Irish Draught 138 Irish Sport Horse 141 Italian Heavy Draft 143 Italian Trotter 145 Jaca Navarra 146 Jutland horse 147 Kabarda horse 150 Kaimanawa horse 153 Karabair 156 Karabakh horse 158 Kathiawari 161 Kazakh horse 163 Kentucky Mountain Saddle Horse 165 Kiger Mustang 168 Kinsky horse 171 Kisber Felver 173 Kladruber 175 Knabstrupper 178 Konik 180 Kustanair 183 References Article Sources and Contributors 185 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 188 Article Licenses License 192 Danish Warmblood 1 Danish Warmblood Danish Warmblood Danish warmblood Alternative names Dansk Varmblod Country of origin Denmark Horse (Equus ferus caballus) The Danish Warmblood (Dansk Varmblod) is the modern sport horse breed of Denmark. Initially established in the mid-20th century, the breed was developed by crossing native Danish mares with elite stallions from established European bloodlines. -
JAKO201808962643302.Pdf
ISSN (Print) 1225-9918 ISSN (Online) 2287-3406 Journal of Life Science 2018 Vol. 28. No. 1. 130~139 DOI : https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2018.28.1.130 - Review - Genetic Analysis Strategies for Improving Race Performance of Thoroughbred Racehorse and Jeju Horse Kyung-Wan Baek1†, Jeong-An Gim2† and Jung-Jun Park1* 1Division of Sport Science, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63, Guemjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea 2Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63, Guemjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea Received December 8, 2017 /Revised January 25, 2018 /Accepted January 25, 2018 In ancient times, horse racing was done in ancient European countries in the form of wagon races or mountain races, and wagon racing was adopted as a regular event at the Greek Olympic Games. Thoroughbred horse has been bred since 17th century by intensive selective breeding for its speed, stamina, and racing ability. Then, in the 18th century, horse racing using the Thoroughbred species began to gain popularity among nobles. Since then, horse racing has developed into various forms in various countries and have developed into flat racing, steeplechasing, and harness racing. Thoroughbred racehorse has excellent racing abilities because of powerful selection breeding strategy for 300 years. It is necessary to maintain and maximize horses' ability to race, because horse industries produce enormous economic benefits through breeding, training, and horse racing. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods which process large amounts of genomic data have been developed recently. Based on the remarkable development of these genomic analytical techniques, it is now pos- sible to easily carry out animal breeding strategies with superior traits. -
Standardization and Usefulness of ISAG Microsatellite Markers for Individual Identification and Parentage Verification in Horse Breeds Do-Yeon Kwon and Gil-Jae Cho*1
J Vet Clin 26(3) : 220-225 (2009) Standardization and Usefulness of ISAG Microsatellite Markers for Individual Identification and Parentage Verification in Horse Breeds Do-Yeon Kwon and Gil-Jae Cho*1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea *Research Institute of Horse Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, Korea (Accepted : May 28, 2009) Abstract : The present study demonstrates a new approach that enables effective horse parentage testing using 22 ISAG microsatellite markers involving 6 heads of Thoroughbred horse (TB) and non-TB. In the comparison allele distribution between these horses, the alleles found in the TB were numerously detected in the non-TB. As results, we confirmed that these ISAG microsatellite markers might apply the pedigree registration of Korean native horse (Jeju horse). Key words : horse, ISAG microsatellite marker, allele, pedigree registration. Introduction has been performed on routine basis in most countries rely- ing on DNA typing that have been standardized through reg- Horse breeds are improved for various purposes, and more ular comparison tests under the auspices of the International than 200 breeds are distributed in the world. These breeds Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG)(4). At present, the DNA have peculiar shapes and characteristics, which have been genotyping has become the most effective method for pedi- based on pure breed management. Since individual identifi- gree maintenance of large populations of animals because of cation and parentage verification can be a basic method for the decrease in price of reagents and instruments (9). scientific and pure breed control, many studies for horse par- Korea Racing Authority and Jeju Special Self-Governing entage verification have been performed (1,3,4,5,7,18,26).