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Observations from an International Criminal Law Viewpoint*
Establishing an International Criminal Court and an International Criminal Code Observations from an International Criminal Law Viewpoint* Kai Ambos** I. Introduction The almost total impunity for war crimes and grave human rights violations, be it in the former Yugoslavia or in States of less public interest like Columbia or Peru, Togo or Liberia - to mention only a few - has led to calls for the further develop- ment of mechanisms of international criminal justice. Efforts in this direction,1 dat- ing from the Nuremberg and Tokyo war crime trials, experienced an unexpected political push with the end of the Cold War and the establishment of the ad hoc tribunals for the former Yugoslavia2 and Rwanda3. Recently, codification efforts * I am very grateful to Ms. Virginia Morris, UN-Codification Division; Prof. Dr. Christian Tomuschat, Humboldt University Berlin; Dr. Simon, UN-library Geneva and Dr. Schlunck, Min- istry of Justice (Bonn) for information provided for this article. I am indebted to Emily Silverman, J.D. (Berkeley), LL.M. (Freiburg/Br.), for refining the English and for critical comments. ** Dr. jur. (University of Munich). Research fellow of the Max-Planck Institute for foreign and international criminal law (in charge of the sections international criminal law and Spanish speak- ing Latin America); Cientific Assistant at the University of Freiburg. 1 The work for a permanent ICC began at the end of the 40s but was then suspended from 1954 until 1981 (for background and development see: J. Deschenes, 'Towards International Criminal Jus- tice', 5 Criminal Law Forum (hereinafter CLF) (1994), at 249-278, 272ff.; P. -
Albin Eser the Role of Comparative Law in Transnational Criminal Justice
Albin Eser The Role of Comparative Law in Transnational Criminal Justice Reprint from: Justice Without Borders Essays in Honour of Wolfgang Schomburg Edited by Martin Bose, Michael Bohlander, Andre Klip, Otto Lagodny BRILL NIJHOFF 2018 CHAPTER 6 The Role of Comparative Law in Transnational Criminal Justice AlbinEser Abstract The chapter explores the different paths and levels on which domestic and interna tional criminal law may influence each other, what purpose might be served by such a conversation, and which methods are appropriate. In order to study these issues, two different epistemological categories appear useful. As far as the aim is concerned, recourse to foreign law is advisable, and potentially necessary, for two reasons: For the application of domestic or international criminal law in the context of judicial, or for the advancement of national or international law by means oflegislative, comparative research. As far as the transnational context is concerned, foreign criminal law may play a role on three different levels: In the mutual dependence between national and foreign law and the administration of criminal justice, in international legal coopera tion in criminal matters and, lastly, on the level of supranational criminal justice. If one wanted to find out to what degree references to national criminal law play a role in the reasoning of international criminal tribunals, appropriate guidance may be found by looking for proceedings in which Wolfgang Schom burg served as a judge at the international tribunals for Rwanda (ICTR) and the former Yugoslavia (rcTY). Even without a thorough search simply rely ing on impressions received from browsing judgments of these courts, I dare to guess that judge Schomburg, in whose honour this paper is prepared, is in the the upper class of the judges who do not shy away from supporting their reasoning through comparisons with national criminal law. -
ICC-ASP/11/18 Assembly of States Parties
International Criminal Court ICC-ASP/11/18 Distr.: General Assembly of States Parties 9 November 2012 Original: English Eleventh session The Hague, 14-22 November 2012 Designation of the members of the Advisory Committee on Nominations Note by the Secretariat By resolution ICC-ASP/9/Res.5,1 the Assembly welcomed the report2 adopted by the Bureau pursuant to paragraph 25 of resolution ICC-ASP/9/Res.3 and adopted the recommendations contained therein. It also requested the Bureau to start the process of preparing the election, by the Assembly of States Parties, of the members of the Advisory Committee on nominations of judges of the International Criminal Court in accordance with the terms of reference of the Advisory Committee. Article 36, paragraph 4 (c), of the Rome Statute provides as follows: “(c) The Assembly of States Parties may decide to establish, if appropriate, an Advisory Committee on nominations. In that event, the Committee’s composition and mandate shall be established by the Assembly of States Parties.” The terms of reference of the Advisory Committee on Nominations provide that: “The Committee should be composed of nine members, nationals of States Parties, designated by the Assembly of States Parties by consensus on recommendation made by the Bureau of the Assembly also made by consensus, reflecting the principal legal systems of the world and an equitable geographical representation, as well as a fair representation of both genders, based on the number of States Parties to the Rome Statute.”3 At its 11th meeting, on 1 May 2012, the Bureau fixed the nomination period to run for 12 weeks, from 16 May to 8 August 2012 (Central European Time). -
The International Criminal Court Prosecutor Seeks a Warrant Written by Benjamin Schiff
The Politics of Justice: The International Criminal Court Prosecutor seeks a Warrant Written by Benjamin Schiff This PDF is auto-generated for reference only. As such, it may contain some conversion errors and/or missing information. For all formal use please refer to the official version on the website, as linked below. The Politics of Justice: The International Criminal Court Prosecutor seeks a Warrant https://www.e-ir.info/2008/07/16/the-politics-of-justice-the-international-criminal-court-prosecutor-seeks-a-warrant/ BENJAMIN SCHIFF, JUL 16 2008 There is some irony in the criticism of ICC Chief Prosecutor Luis Moreno Ocampo for issuing his request for a warrant of arrest for Sudanese President Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir. Approximately two years ago, responding to the request of the Pre-Trial Chamber (PTC I), amicus filings from two distinguished commentators – Judge Antonio Cassese (who had chaired the International Commission of Inquiry into the Sudan1 that reported to the Secretary-General and UN Security Council (UNSC) in early 2005, leading to the UNSC’s March 31 referral of the situation to the ICC), and Judge Louise Arbour (former Chief Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and by 2005 the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights) – indicated that the Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) should move more quickly and against high levels of the Sudanese government in order to pressurize it to protect the citizens of Darfur and to be more visibly pursuing justice in the situation.2 Within the wider non-governmental organization (NGO) human rights community, the OTP was criticized for moving too slowly and cautiously. -
Ethical Challenges of Corrupt Practices
GERMAN LAW JOURNAL Review of Developments in German, European and International Jurisprudence Editor –in –Chief Russell A. Miller Senior Editors Betsy Baker; Jürgen Bast; Nina Boeger; Gralf-Peter Calliess; Matthias Casper; Patrycja Dabrowska; Jen Hendry; Elisa Hoven; Malcolm MacLaren; Stefan Magen; Ralf Michaels; Christoph Safferling; Emanuel Towfigh; Floris de Witte Associate Editors Matej Avbelj; Matthias Goldmann; Agnieszka Janczuk-Gorywoda; Jule Mulder; Anna Katharina von Oettingen; Emanuela Orlando; Niels Petersen; Karsten Schneider www.germanlawjournal.com © Copyright 2000 – 2016 by German Law Journal, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 2071-8322 / ISSNL: 2071-8322 Vol. 17 No. 01 Pages 1-118 01 February 2016 Table of Contents Special Issue – Ethical Challenges of Corrupt Practices Ethical Challenges of Corrupt Practices Formal and Informal Conflicts of Norms and Their Moral Ramifications Guest Editors Sebastian Wolf & Peter Graeff Peter Graeff Ethics and Corruption: An Introduction to the 1-6 Special Issue TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE I Table Of Contents [cont.] Special Issue – Ethical Challenges of Corrupt Practices Sebastian Wolf Dark Sides of Anti-Corruption Law: A Typology and 7-18 Recent Developments in German Anti-Bribery Legislation Cornelia Rink Leges Sine Moribus Vanae ?: On the Relationship 19-40 Between Social Morality and Law in the Field of Foreign Bribery Holger Niehaus Donations Granted Amongst “Friends” in Public 41-52 Office —Kindness or Corruption? —There Ain’t No Such Thing as a Free Lunch Eugen Dimant & Thorben Schulte -
Profesor Kai Ambos
Profesor Kai Ambos María Alejandra Troncoso Torres Formación académica y profesional Nació el 29 de marzo de 1965 en Heidelberg, Alemania. Realizó estudios en la Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas de la Universidad Albert Ludwig de Freiburg (Alemania), en Oxford (Gran Bretaña) y en München (Alemania). Presentó el primer examen estatal (1. Staatsexamen) en 1990 en München y el segundo examen estatal de juez (2. Staatsexamen) en 1994 en Baden Württemberg/ Tribunal Provincial de Freiburg. Obtuvo su doctorado el 9 de diciembre de 1992 en la Universidad de München, bajo la dirección del Prof. Dr. Schüler Springorum, donde también tramitó su trabajo post-doctoral (Habilitation, con los Profesores Dr. Volk y Simma; involucrados también los Profesores Drs. Roxin, Schöch y Schünemann), el cual terminó en julio de 2001. Obtuvo la venia legendi para las materias Derecho Penal, Derecho Procesal Penal, Criminología, Derecho Internacional y Derecho Comparado. Entre 1991 y 2003 se desempeñó, como responsable de las áreas Derecho Internacional Penal (incluyendo Derechos Humanos) e Hispanoamérica en el Instituto Max-Planck de Derecho Penal Extranjero e Internacional, en Freiburg, así como Profesor Asistente en la cátedra del Prof. Dr. Albin Eser. Fue profesor agregado (Privatdozent) en la Universidad de München y profesor suplente (Lehrstuhlvertreter) en la Universidad de Freiburg. Recibió llamados (Rufe) para ocupar cátedras en las Universidades Göttingen y Graz a comienzos de 2003. El 7 de mayo de 2003 fue nombrado catedrático de Derecho penal, Derecho Cuadernos de Derecho Penal, ISSN: 2027-1743, julio-diciembre de 2014 191 procesal penal, Derecho comparado y Derecho internacional penal en la Universidad Georg August de Göttingen. -
Desarrollos Actuales De Las Ciencias Criminales En Alemania Ambos/Böhm/Zuluaga (Eds.) Desarrollos Actuales De Las Ciencias Criminales En Alemania
n este libro presentamos los textos cuya autoría pertenece a quienes han ofrecido módulos temáticos o clases magis- Serie CEDPAL tralesE en la Segunda y en la Tercera Escuela de Verano desar- rollada por el Centro de Estudios de Derecho Penal y Procesal Vol. 1 Ambos/Böhm/Zuluaga (eds.) Penal Latinoamericano (CEDPAL) de la Georg-August-Universität Göttingen. Los aportes se han agrupado de acuerdo a dos úni- cas categorías: En la primera parte, titulada Ciencias criminales Desarrollos actuales de en y desde Alemania, se ubican textos escritos desde la teoría, las ciencias criminales en Alemania normativa y jurisprudencia alemanas, dedicados específi camente Segunda y Tercera Escuela de Verano en a problemáticas de este contexto. En la segunda parte, deno- ciencias criminales y dogmática penal alemana minada Ciencias criminales: diálogos entre Alemania y el resto del mundo, se agrupan aquellos trabajos en los que las ciencias criminales si bien son trabajadas desde el contexto alemán ti- enen por objeto las interrelaciones culturales e internacionales y el diálogo entre distintas tradiciones jurídico-penales. Final- mente, se destacan dos breves homenajes dedicados a los Pro- fesores Winfried Hassemer y Horst Schüler-Springorum. Tanto la compilación presentada, como la estructura a partir de la cual se desarrolla la misma, refl ejan de forma certera el espíritu de la Escuela de Verano, pensada tanto para difundir el estado actual de las ciencias criminales alemanas, como para construir un pu- ente de intercambio y apertura académica con juristas hispano- y lusoparlantes. Ambos/Böhm/Zuluaga (eds.) Desarrollos actuales de las ciencias criminales en Alemania Ambos/Böhm/Zuluaga (eds.) Desarrollos actuales de las ciencias criminales en Alemania ISBN: 978-3-86395-255-6 Universitätsverlag Göttingen Göttingen University Press ISSN: 2366-7788 Kai Ambos/María Laura Böhm/John Zuluaga (eds.) Desarrollos actuales de las ciencias criminales en Alemania This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. -
Doctoral Thesis a Comparative Approach to Normative Elements In
Doctoral Thesis A Comparative Approach to Normative Elements in the Definition of International Crimes Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of “Doctor iuris” at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau presented by Matthias Cernusca Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Walter Perron Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Michael Pawlik, LL.M. (Cantab.) Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 29./30.01.2018 Dekan: Prof. Dr. Boris P. Paal, M.Jur. (Oxford) Rektor: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Hans-Jochen Schiewer Dissertationsort: Freiburg im Breisgau Erscheinungsjahr: 2018 2 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................... 3 LIST OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 1 –INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 9 1. Setting the scene ....................................................................................................... 9 a. The legal context of the dissertation ...................................................................... 9 b. Examples of mistakes about normative elements ................................................ 11 2. Course of the research and its aims ..................................................................... 13 3. Research methods .................................................................................................. 15 CHAPTER 2 -
Conspiracy to Commit Genocide and Its Exclusion from the ICC Statute by SONG Tianying FICHL Policy Brief Series No
POLICY BRIEF SERIES Conspiracy to Commit Genocide and its Exclusion From the ICC Statute By SONG Tianying FICHL Policy Brief Series No. 18 (2014) 1. Introduction fact that in practice genocide is a collective crime, presup- The criminal classification ‘conspiracy’ may denote either posing the collaboration of a greater or smaller number of 6 a substantive crime or a mode of liability. As a substantive persons”. During the subsequent discussion over the crime, it punishes the agreement of two or more persons draft, a number of states that did not have the concept of to commit a crime, irrespective of whether the intended conspiracy in their domestic law pointed out that the pro- crime is committed or not.1 It is generally recognized as a vision needed to be applied according to principles of 7 crime specific to the common law tradition. Conspiracy each penal system. as a form of liability attributes responsibility to co-con- The Statute of the International Criminal Court (‘ICC’) spirators where the intended crime is committed.2 It is in- adopts verbatim Article II of the Genocide Convention, cluded, for instance, in the Nuremberg Charter.3 which sets out the definition of genocide, but only par- Conspiracy to commit genocide was first set out in Ar- tially incorporates Article III and excludes conspiracy to ticle III of the 1948 Genocide Convention.4 Experts draft- commit genocide. This is a marked difference from the ing the text intended conspiracy to commit genocide to be statutes of the International Criminal Tribunals for the an inchoate crime under Anglo-American law. -
9780199665617 Ambos Online
Treatise on International Criminal Law Volume III: International Criminal Procedure Kai Ambos Bibliography CHAPTER 1 Acquaviva, G., ‘Human Rights Violations before International Tribunals – Reflections on Respon- sibility of International Organizations’, LJIL, 20 (2007), 613–636; Acquaviva, G., ‘Was a Residual Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals Really Neces- sary?’, JICJ, 9 (2011), 789–796; Acquaviva, G., ‘Single and Bifurcated Trials’, in Sluiter et al, International Criminal Procedure (2013), 534–543; Acquaviva, G. and Heikkilä, M., ‘Protective and Special Measures for Witnesses’, in Sluiter et al, International Criminal Procedure (2013), 818–859; Akhavan, P., ‘Justice in The Hague, peace in the Former Yugoslavia? A Commentary on the United Nations War Crimes Tribunal’, HRQ, 20 (1998), 737–816; Alamuddin, A., ‘Collection of Evidence’, in Khan, K. A. A., Buisman, C. and Gosnell, C., eds. Principles of Evidence in International Criminal Justice (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), 231–305; Ambach, P., ‘Laufen hybride ad hoc-Gerichte dem IStGH den Rang ab?’, HuV-I, 18 (2005), 106–118; Ambos, K., The Right of Non-Self-Incrimination of Witnesses before the ICC, LJIL, 15 (2002), 155–177; Ambos, K., ‘Europarechtliche Vorgaben für das (deutsche) Strafverfahren – Teil II – Zur Re- chtsprechung des EGMR von 2000–2002’, NStZ, 23 (2003), 14–17; Ambos, K., ‘International Criminal Procedure –“Adversarial”, “Inquisitorial” or Mixed’, ICLR,3 (2003), 1–37; Ambos, K.,‘Möglichkeiten und Grenzen völkerrechtlichen Rechtsguterschutzes̈ ’, -
The Prosecutor and the Judge
From Nuremberg and Tokyo Erasmus Prize 2009 to The Hague and Beyond ¶ verrijn stuart | simons Heikelina Verrijn Stuart and Marlise Simons benjamin ferencz, investigator of Nazi war crimes and prosecutor at Nuremberg. Author and lecturer. antonio cassese, first president of the Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and president of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon. The Prosecutor The prestigious Praemium Erasmianum 2009 was awarded to Benjamin Ferencz and Antonio Cassese, who embody the history of international criminal law from and the Judge Nuremberg to The Hague. The Prosecutor and the Judge is a meeting with these two remarkable men through in depth interviews by Heikelina Verrijn Stuart and Marlise Simons about their judge and the e prosecutor ¶ work and ideas, about the war crimes trials, human cruelty, the self-interest of states; about remorse in the courtroom, about restitution and compensation for th victims and about the strength and the limitations of the international courts. Heikelina Verrijn Stuart is a lawyer and philosopher of law who has published extensively on international humanitarian and criminal law and on remorse, revenge and forgiveness. Since 1993 she has followed the international courts and tribunals for radio and television. Marlise Simons is a correspondent for The New York Times, who has written on conflicts and political murder, torture and disappearances from Latin America. For more than a decade, she has reported on international courts and tribunals in The Hague. Benjamin Ferencz and Antonio Cassese Interviews -
Paola Gaeta Curriculum Vitae (Updated July 2015)
Paola Gaeta Curriculum Vitae (updated July 2015) PERSONAL DATA 8 February 1967, Salerno (Italy) Italian, female [email protected] [email protected] EDUCATION PhD, Law, with distinction, European University Institute (1997) Laurea in Scienze Politiche, cum laude, University of Florence, Specialization in International Law (1991) CURRENT POSITION Professor, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies; serving as head of the Department of International Law Adjunct Professor, Law Department, Bocconi University, Milan PREVIOUS APPOINTEMENTS Director of the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights (1 January 2011-31 July 2014) of its LL.M. and Teaching Programmes, Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights (1 October 2007-31 July 2014) Full Professor, Law Faculty, University of Geneva (1.09.2007-31.8.2015) Full Professor (2006-2010) , Associate Professor (2002-2005), and Lecturer (Ricercatore) (1998-2001), University of Florence Adjunct Professor, International Law Department, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (1.2.2010-31.08.2015) Long-term Visiting Professor, Bocconi University, Milan (1.9.2014-31.8.2015) EDITORIAL’S RESPONSIBILITIES (JOURNALS AND SERIES OF MONOGRAPHS) Editor (with S. Zappalà), Oxford Monographs in International Humanitarian and Criminal Law (Oxford University Press) (as from July 2012) Member of the Board of Editors, Journal of International Criminal Justice (Oxford University Press) as from 2009 Member of the Board of Editors, European Journal of International Law, (Oxford University Press) 2010-2012 OTHER PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES Pro-Bono Member of the Committee of Expert for the International Crimes Evidence Project on Sri Lanka of the Public Interest Advocacy Centre Fall 2013 Pro-bono activity (expert opinion and affidavit), on behalf of the Centre for Justice and Accountability, Samantar case July-October 2011 PAOLA GAETA PAGINA 2 Legal Adviser for the Government of Uruguay Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay case (Argentina v.