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Environmental Racism and Environmental Justice in Boston, 1900 to 2000
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library Summer 8-22-2019 "The Dream is in the Process:" Environmental Racism and Environmental Justice in Boston, 1900 to 2000 Michael J. Brennan University of Maine, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Recommended Citation Brennan, Michael J., ""The Dream is in the Process:" Environmental Racism and Environmental Justice in Boston, 1900 to 2000" (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3102. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/3102 This Open-Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “THE DREAM IS IN THE PROCESS:” ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE IN BOSTON, 1900 TO 2000 By Michael J. Brennan B.S. University of Maine at Farmington, 2001 A.L.M. Harvard University Extension School, 2012 A DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (American History) The Graduate School The University of Maine August 2019 Advisory Committee: Richard Judd, Professor Emeritus of History Elizabeth McKillen, Adelaide & Alan Bird Professor of History Liam Riordan, Professor of History Jacques Ferland, Associate Professor of History and Graduate Coordinator of History Program Roger J.H. King, Associate Professor of Philosophy THE DREAM IS IN THE PROCESS: ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE IN BOSTON, 1900 TO 2000 By: Michael J. Brennan Dissertation Advisor: Dr. Richard Judd An Abstract of the Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in American History (August 2019) The following work explores the evolution of a resident-directed environmental activism that challenged negative public perception to redevelop their community. -
A Brief Survey of the Architectural History of the Old State House, Boston, Massachusetts1
A Brief Survey of the Architectural History of the Old State House, Boston, Massachusetts1 SARA B. CHASE* ven before they built their first governmental bodies. The Royal Governor structure to house a merchants ’ ex- and his Council met in a chamber at the east E change and government meeting end of the second floor, while the General hall, the early settlers of Boston had Assembly of the Province, with representa- selected a site near Long Wharf for a tives from each town, met in a larger marketplace. Early in 1658 they built there chamber in the middle of the second floor. a medieval half-timbered Town House. At the west end of the second floor was a That building, the first Boston Town smaller chamber where both the superior House, burned to the ground in October, and the inferior courts of Suffolk County 1711. It was replaced by a brick building, held sessions. Until 1742 when they moved erected on the same site. This building, like to Faneuil Hall, Bostons’ Selectmen met in the earlier Town House, had a “merchants’ the middle (or representatives)’ chamber walk” on the first floor and meeting cham- and used a few finished rooms on the third bers for the various colonial government floor for committee meetings. bodies on the second floor. The first floor served primarily as a mer- Although this new building was called by chants ’ exchange, as it had in the previous various names--the Court House, the Town House. Situated less than one- Second Town House, the Province House quarter mile from Long Wharf, the Old (not to be confused with the Peter Sergeant State House was a convenient first stop for House which was also called by that name) ships ’ captains when they landed in Bos- --the name most frequently used in refer- ton. -
Gentrification of Codman Square Neighborhood: Fact Or Fiction?
fi ti n of Codman Square Neighborhood: Fact or Fiction? Gentri ca o Challenges and Opportunities for Residential and Economic Diversity of a Boston Neighborhood A Study of Neighborhood Transformation and Potential Impact on Residential Stability A A Publication of Codman Square Neighborhood Development Corporation 587 Washington Street Dorchester Boston MA 02124 Executive Director: Gail Latimore Gentrification Blues I woke up this morning, I looked next door — There was one family living where there once were four. I got the gentrifi-, gentrification blues. I wonder where my neighbors went ‘cause I Know I’ll soon be moving there too. Verse from the song ‘Gentrification Blues’ by Judith Levine and Laura Liben, Broadside (Magazine), August, 1985, issue #165 Report Credits: Principal Researcher and Consultant: Eswaran Selvarajah (Including graphics & images) Contributor: Vidhee Garg, Program Manager, CSNDC (Sec. 6 - HMDA Analysis & Sec. 7 - Interviews with the displaced) Published on: July 31, 2014 Contact Information Codman Square Neighborhood Development Corporation 587 Washington Street Dorchester MA 02124 Telephone: 617 825 4224 FAX: 617 825 0893 E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.csndc.com Executive Director: Gail Latimore [email protected] Gentrification of Codman Square: Fact or Fiction? Challenges and Opportunities for Residential and Economic Diversity of a Boston Neighborhood A Study of Neighborhood Transformation and Potential Impact on Residential Stability A Publication of Codman Square Neighborhood Development Corporation 587 Washington Street Dorchester Boston MA 02124 Executive Director: Gail Latimore Codman Square, Dorchester ii CONTENTS Abbreviations Acknowledgments Executive Summary Introduction 1 1. Context: Studying Neighborhood Change and Housing Displacement 4 2. Gentrification: Regional and Local Factors Behind the Phenomenon 8 3. -
Building Order on Beacon Hill, 1790-1850
BUILDING ORDER ON BEACON HILL, 1790-1850 by Jeffrey Eugene Klee A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Art History Spring 2016 © 2016 Jeffrey Eugene Klee All Rights Reserved ProQuest Number: 10157856 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ProQuest 10157856 Published by ProQuest LLC (2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 - 1346 BUILDING ORDER ON BEACON HILL, 1790-1850 by Jeffrey Eugene Klee Approved: __________________________________________________________ Lawrence Nees, Ph.D. Chair of the Department of Art History Approved: __________________________________________________________ George H. Watson, Ph.D. Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences Approved: __________________________________________________________ Ann L. Ardis, Ph.D. Senior Vice Provost for Graduate and Professional Education I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: __________________________________________________________ Bernard L. Herman, Ph.D. Professor in charge of dissertation I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. -
Changes to Transit Service in the MBTA District 1964-Present
Changes to Transit Service in the MBTA district 1964-2021 By Jonathan Belcher with thanks to Richard Barber and Thomas J. Humphrey Compilation of this data would not have been possible without the information and input provided by Mr. Barber and Mr. Humphrey. Sources of data used in compiling this information include public timetables, maps, newspaper articles, MBTA press releases, Department of Public Utilities records, and MBTA records. Thanks also to Tadd Anderson, Charles Bahne, Alan Castaline, George Chiasson, Bradley Clarke, Robert Hussey, Scott Moore, Edward Ramsdell, George Sanborn, David Sindel, James Teed, and George Zeiba for additional comments and information. Thomas J. Humphrey’s original 1974 research on the origin and development of the MBTA bus network is now available here and has been updated through August 2020: http://www.transithistory.org/roster/MBTABUSDEV.pdf August 29, 2021 Version Discussion of changes is broken down into seven sections: 1) MBTA bus routes inherited from the MTA 2) MBTA bus routes inherited from the Eastern Mass. St. Ry. Co. Norwood Area Quincy Area Lynn Area Melrose Area Lowell Area Lawrence Area Brockton Area 3) MBTA bus routes inherited from the Middlesex and Boston St. Ry. Co 4) MBTA bus routes inherited from Service Bus Lines and Brush Hill Transportation 5) MBTA bus routes initiated by the MBTA 1964-present ROLLSIGN 3 5b) Silver Line bus rapid transit service 6) Private carrier transit and commuter bus routes within or to the MBTA district 7) The Suburban Transportation (mini-bus) Program 8) Rail routes 4 ROLLSIGN Changes in MBTA Bus Routes 1964-present Section 1) MBTA bus routes inherited from the MTA The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) succeeded the Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA) on August 3, 1964. -
Who Was Jack Tar?: Aspects of the Social History of Boston, Massachusetts Seamen, 1700-1770
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1972 Who Was Jack Tar?: Aspects of the Social History of Boston, Massachusetts Seamen, 1700-1770 Clark Joseph Strickland College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Strickland, Clark Joseph, "Who Was Jack Tar?: Aspects of the Social History of Boston, Massachusetts Seamen, 1700-1770" (1972). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539624780. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-v75p-nz66 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WHO WAS JACK TAR? ASPECTS OF THE SOCIAL HISTORY OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SEAMEN, 1700 - 1770 A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Clark J. Strickland 1972 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of f.hoV*A W *Y»onn ViA 1 AT*omon WAMVA* +*VW <s f* AyV A +•V A4VIac» V4 ^ OW f Master of Arts Clark J, Strickland Author Approved, July 1972 Richard Maxwell Brown PhilipsJ U Funigiello J oj Se ii 5 8 5 2 7 3 Cojk TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT........................................... iv CHAPTER I. -
Boston in New England in America, Hand-Colored Engraving, Ca
National Humanities Center Resource Toolbox Becoming American: The British Atlantic Colonies, 1690-1763 J. Carwitham, A South East View of the Great Town of Boston in New England in America, hand-colored engraving, ca. 1730 BOSTON * Descriptions of Eighteenth-Century BOSTON before the Revolution from a Bostonian clergyman in 1702, an English historian in 1720, a Maryland physician in 1744, an English clergyman in 1759, and a mapmaker in 1769. “The Metropolis of the Whole English America.” 1702. Rev. Cotton Mather, Magnalia Christi Americana [The Great Works of Christ in America]: Or, The Ecclesiastical History of New England, 1702, Book I, excerpts. Rev. Cotton Mather was the pre-eminent Puritan clergyman of Boston in his time, which meant he was the pre-eminent clergyman throughout New England. In his massive religious history of New England, he reviews the history of Boston. Our Town is now Threescore and Eight Years Old, and certainly ’tis time for us, with all possible Affection, to set up our Ebenezer, saying, Having obtained help from God, the Town is continued until almost the Age of Man is passed over it! The Town hath indeed Three Elder Sisters in this Colony, but it hath wonderfully outgrown them all; and her Mother, Old Boston, in England also. Yea, within a few * National Humanities Center, 2009: nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/. Some spelling and punctuation modernized, and paragraphing added, by NHC for clarity. Engraving on this page courtesy of the New York Public Library. Complete image credits at nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/becoming amer/imagecredits.htm. Years after the first Settlement it grew to be The Metropolis of the Whole English America. -
Historical Description of the Vegetation of the Boston Harbor Islands: 1600-2000
Boston Harbor Istatids National Park Area: Natural Resources Overview 2005 Northeastern Naturalist 12(Special Issue 3): 13-30 Historical Description of the Vegetation of the Boston Harbor Islands: 1600-2000 JULIE A. RICHBURG' AND WILLIAM A. PATTERSON III'* Abstract - Historical accounts and descriptions of the Boston Harbor Islands were searched for references to the islands' vegetation. They indicate dra- matic changes in vegetation structure and composition since 1600. Many of the islands were wooded prior to European settlement, although Native American use is evident before 1600. Forests were cleared for agriculture, building materials, and firewood. Through the centuries since European settlement, the islands have variously supported municipal and military fa- cilities, some of which have since been abandoned. As use of the islands changed, the vegetation of the islands also changed; in some cases native trees and other species returned to abandoned areas, while in others new, exotic species became established or were planted. By the end of the 20"' century the vegetation had become a mixture of woodlands (roughly 25% of the islands as a whole), shrub thickets, open lands, and manicured land- scapes, all of which include a large component of non-native species. Introduction Being a focal point for the early history ofthe United States, Boston and its people have been studied for centuries. From the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony to the Tea Party and the lives of early presidents, Boston holds a special place in the history of Massachusetts, New England, and the United States. The islands of Boston Harbor have also been studied for their role in protecting the new colony via forts and lighthouses, in commerce and fishing, and in social services. -
Oname [Owner of Property Hlocation of Legal
Form No. 10-300 (Rev. 10-74) UNITED STATESDEPARTMEWOF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOWTO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS ONAME HISTORIC Paneuil Hall AND/OR COMMON Paneuil Hall LOCATION STREET & NUMBER Dock Sauare (ifeneuil Hall —NOT FOR PUBLICATION CITY, TOWN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Boston _ VICINITY OF Eighth STATE CODE COUNTY CODE Massachusetts In?«; Q CLA SSIFI C ATI ON CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS PRESENT USE —DISTRICT X_PUBLIC ^.OCCUPIED —AGRICULTURE X.MUSEUM X-BUILDING(S) —PRIVATE —UNOCCUPIED ^.COMMERCIAL —PARK —STRUCTURE —BOTH —WORK IN PROGRESS —EDUCATIONAL —PRIVATE RESIDENCE —SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE —ENTERTAINMENT —RELIGIOUS —OBJECT _IN PROCESS X.YES: RESTRICTED —GOVERNMENT —SCIENTIFIC —BEING CONSIDERED — YES: UNRESTRICTED —INDUSTRIAL —TRANSPORTATION —NO —MILITARY XpIHER BUbliC [OWNER OF PROPERTY NAME City of Boston, Office of the Mayor STREETS NUMBER New City Hall CITY. TOWN STATE Boston VICINITY OF Massachusetts HLOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEDS. ETC Suffolk County Registry of Deeds STREET* NUMBER Suffolk County Court House, Somerset Street CITY. TOWN STATE Boston Massachusetts REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE Historic American Buildings Survey DATE 1935, 1937 ]L FEDERAL _STATE —COUNTY _LOCAL DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS Library of Congress, Division of Prints and Photographs CITY, TOWN STATE Washington. D.C. DESCRIPTION CONDITION CHECK ONE CHECK ONE —EXCELLENT _DETERIORATED —UNALTERED X-ORIGINALSITE —GOOD —RUINS X-ALTERED —MOVED DATE- X_FAIR —UNEXPOSED DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE Faneuil Hall stands at the eastern edge of Dock Square (intersection of Congress and North Streets) in Boston, Massachusetts. To the west of the historic building is Boston's New City Hall, a massive concrete structure constructed in the late 1960*s. -
Bibliography for Swindler Sachem.Pdf
Bibliography Compiled by Jenny Hale Pulsipher for Swindler Sachem: The American Indian Who Sold His Birthright, Dropped Out of Harvard, and Conned the King of England (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2018). Abbreviations AAS American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Massachusetts. AWP Ann Wompas Inventory and Administration Records, 1676, #830, vol. 12:10, 95, Suffolk County Probate Records, MA. CCR J. Hammond Trumbull, ed., Public Records of the Colony of Connecticut, 3 vols. (Hartford: F.A. Brown, 1852). CLM William H. Whitmore, ed., The Colonial Laws of Massachusetts, reprinted from the edition of 1672, with the supplements through 1680 (Boston: 1887). CSL Connecticut State Library and Archives, Hartford, Connecticut. CSPC Sainsbury, W. Noel and J. W. Fortescue, eds., Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, America and West Indies, 16 vols. (Vaduz: Kraus Reprint, 1964). ECR Records and Files of the Quarterly Courts of Essex County, Massachusetts (Salem, Massachusetts: The Essex Institute, 1913). EHR Records of the Town of East-Hampton, 2 vols. (Sag Harbor, N.Y.: John H. Hunt, printer, 1887). ET Clark, Michael P., ed. The Eliot Tracts: With Letters from John Eliot to Thomas Thorowgood and Richard Baxter (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2003). FLR Fairfield Land Records, CSL, Hartford, Connecticut. HColl Daniel Gookin, Historical Collections of the Indians in New England. MHSC, 1st ser., 1:141–227. HAcc Daniel Gookin, An Historical Account of the Doings and Sufferings of the Christian Indians in New England, in the Years 1675, 1676, 1677, in Archaeologia Americana, Transactions and Collections of the American Antiquarian Society 2 (1836): 430–532. HIW William Hubbard, The History of the Indian Wars in New England from the First Settlement to the Termination of the War with King Philip, in 1677, ed. -
The Making of an Irish and a Jewish Boston, 1820-1900.”
The Historical Journal of Massachusetts “The Making of an Irish and a Jewish Boston, 1820-1900.” Author: Meaghan Dwyer-Ryan Source: Historical Journal of Massachusetts, Volume 44, No. 2, Summer 2016, pp. 42-87. Published by: Institute for Massachusetts Studies and Westfield State University You may use content in this archive for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the Historical Journal of Massachusetts regarding any further use of this work: [email protected] Funding for digitization of issues was provided through a generous grant from MassHumanities. Some digitized versions of the articles have been reformatted from their original, published appearance. When citing, please give the original print source (volume/number/date) but add "retrieved from HJM's online archive at http://www.westfield.ma.edu/historical-journal/. 42 Historical Journal of Massachusetts • Summer 2016 New Arrivals This image from the January 1909 issue of The Jewish Immigrant magazine captures allegorically the hopeful arrival of Jewish immigrants in America. Like their Irish counterparts, these new arrivals fled poverty and persecution only to face nativist intolerance once in the U.S. The Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society of New York published The Jewish Immigrant. 43 The Making of an Irish and a Jewish Boston, 1820–1900 MEAGHAN DWYER-RYAN ABSTR ACT: As Boston’s largest non-Protestant groups in the nineteenth century, Irish Catholics and Central European Jews played an important role in challenging the Yankee notion that the only true Bostonian had ancestors who came over on the Mayflower. Jewish and Irish leaders created networks of communal institutions, including religious organizations, philanthropic institutions, cultural societies, and political clubs, to aid group adjustment. -
Faneuil Hall Stands at the Eastern Edge of Dock Square (Intersection of Congress and North Streets) in Boston, Massachusetts
Form No. 10-300 (Rev. 10-74) UNITED STATESDEPARTMEWOF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES - COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS NAME HISTORIC Paneuil Hall AND/OR COMMON Paneuil Hall LOCATION STREET & NUMBER Dock Sauare fjlaneuil Hall —NOT FOR PUBLICATION CITY, TOWN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Boston _ VICINITY OF Eighth STATE CODE COUNTY CODE Massachusetts 0? «» RifF-Fnllr A9C HCLASSIFICATION CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS PRESENT USE —DISTRICT X_PUBLIC XoCCUPlEO —AGRICULTURE X.MUSEUM X-BUILDING(S) —PRIVATE —UNOCCUPIED ^—COMMERCIAL —PARK —STRUCTURE —BOTH —WORK IN PROGRESS —EDUCATIONAL —PRIVATE RESIDENCE —SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE _ ENTERTAINMENT _ RELIGIOUS —OBJECT _IN PROCESS X.YES: RESTRICTED —GOVERNMENT —SCIENTIFIC —BEING CONSIDERED —YES: UNRESTRICTED —INDUSTRIAL —TRANSPORTATION —NO _ MILITARY XpIHER DUbllC mAATLinir nAl T QOWNER OF PROPERTY NAME City of Boston, Office of the Mayor STREET & NUMBER New City Hall CITY. TOWN STATE Boston VICINITY OF Massachusetts HLOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEOS. ETC Suffolk County Registry of Deeds STREET & NUMBER Suffolk County Court House, Somerset Street CITY. TOWN STATE Boston Massachusetts Q REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE Historic American Buildings Survey DATE 1935, 1937 X-FEDERAL _STATE —COUNTY _LOCAL DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS Library of Congress, Division of Prints and Photographs CITY. TOWN " " STATE Washington. D.C. DESCRIPTION CONDITION CHECK ONE CHECK ONE _EXCELLENT —DETERIORATED _UNALTERED X-ORIGINALSITE —GOOD _RUINS X-ALTERED —MOVED DATE- X_FAIR _UNEXPOSED DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE Faneuil Hall stands at the eastern edge of Dock Square (intersection of Congress and North Streets) in Boston, Massachusetts.