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Lenin and the Russian Civil War
Lenin and the Russian Civil War In the months and years after the fall of Tsar Nicholas II’s government, Russia went through incredible, often violent changes. The society was transformed from a peasant society run by an absolute monarchy into a worker’s state run by an all- powerful group that came to be known as the Communist Party. A key to this transformation is Vladimir Lenin. Who Was Lenin? • Born into a wealthy middle-class family background. • Witnessed (when he was 17) the hanging of his brother Aleksandr for revolutionary activity. • Kicked out his university for participating in anti- Tsarist protests. • Took and passed his law exams and served in various law firms in St. Petersburg and elsewhere. • Arrested and sent to Siberia for 3 years for transporting and distributing revolutionary literature. • When WWI started, argued that it should become a revolution of the workers throughout Europe. • Released and lived mostly in exile (Switzerland) until 1917. • Adopted the name “Lenin” (he was born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov) in exile to hide his activities from the Tsar’s secret police. Lenin and the French Revolution Lenin admired the revolutionaries in France 100 years before his time, though he believed they didn’t go far enough – too much wealth was left in middle class hands. His Bolsheviks used the chaotic and incomplete nature of the French Revolution as a guide - they believed that in order for a communist revolution to succeed, it would need firm leadership from a small group of party leaders – a very different vision from Karl Marx. So, in some ways, Lenin was like Robin Hood – taking from the rich and giving to the poor. -
The Significance and Shortcomings of Karl Marx
Class, Race and Corporate Power Volume 6 Issue 2 Article 3 2018 The Significance and Shortcomings of Karl Marx Chris Wright Hunter College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/classracecorporatepower Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Wright, Chris (2018) "The Significance and Shortcomings of Karl Marx," Class, Race and Corporate Power: Vol. 6 : Iss. 2 , Article 3. DOI: 10.25148/CRCP.6.2.008310 Available at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/classracecorporatepower/vol6/iss2/3 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts, Sciences & Education at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Class, Race and Corporate Power by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Significance and Shortcomings of Karl Marx Abstract In this essay I explain both why Karl Marx remains an important thinker and why he is in some respects inadequate. I focus on the central issue of 'materialism vs. idealism,' and briefly explore ways in which contemporary intellectuals still haven't assimilated the insights of historical materialism. In the last section of the paper I examine the greatest weakness of Marxism, its theory of proletarian revolution, and propose an alternative conceptualization that both updates the theory for the twenty-first century and is more faithful to historical materialism than Marx's own conception was. Keywords Karl Marx, Marxism, socialism Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. This article is available in Class, Race and Corporate Power: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/ classracecorporatepower/vol6/iss2/3 I often have occasion to think that, as an “intellectual,” I’m very lucky to be alive at this time in history, at the end of the long evolution from Herodotus and the pre-Socratic philosophers to Chomsky and modern science. -
AHMED MUSHFIQ MOBARAK 165 Whitney Avenue, P.O
AHMED MUSHFIQ MOBARAK 165 Whitney Avenue, P.O. Box 208200, New Haven, CT 06520-8200 Phone: 203-432-5787 Email: [email protected] http://www.som.yale.edu/faculty/am833/ PROFESSIONAL POSITION Professor of Economics, Yale University, 2015 – Tenured in the School of Management (2015), and in the Department of Economics, FAS (2017) Faculty Director and Founder, Yale Research Initiative on Innovation and Scale (Y-RISE) 2018 - OTHER APPOINTMENTS Professorial Research Fellow, Dept. of Economics, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia, 2018-2021 Lead, Bangladesh Research Program, International Growth Centre (IGC) at LSE and Oxford 2009 – Member, Bangladesh National Data Analytics Task Force (convened by ICT Minister), 2020 - Faculty Director, Yale Macmillan Center Program on Refugees and Forced Displacement 2018- Member, Panel of Economists, General Economics Division, Bangladesh Planning Commission, 2020 – Board Member and Scientific Advisor, Innovations for Poverty Action, 2015 – Academic Lead, Humanitarian and Forced Displacement Initiative, Innovations for Poverty Action 2020 - Executive Committee, Economic Growth Center, Yale University, 2019- (Affiliate, 2007-) Editorial Board, World Bank Economic Review, 2015 - Editorial Board, Asian Development Review, Asian Development Bank, 2018 - Consultant, World Bank and IFC 1998-2001 and 2009 – U.S. National Science Foundation, Member, Economics Program panel 2020-2022 University of Maryland Economics Leadership Council, 2018-2024 Technical Advisory Groups: UNHCR (Geneva) Safe Access to Fuel -
J.S. Mill and Marx on Freedom and Alternative Structures of Political Economy: a Reconstructive, Critical and Comparative Inquiry [ 第一日目 ] 第二会場 Armando C
J.S. Mill and Marx on Freedom and Alternative Structures of Political Economy: A Reconstructive, Critical and Comparative Inquiry [ 第一日目 ] 第二会場 Armando C. Ochangco, Ph.D. Associate Professor University of the Philippines Abstract: The proposed paper is intended to provide critical and comparative perspectives on the ideas of freedom to be found in the works of John Stuart Mill and Karl Marx, and how these normative conceptions relate to their visions of alternative economic, social and political systems. Drawing ideas and perspectives from their classic texts (by Mill, such as those from: On Liberty, Principles of Political Economy, On the Subjection of Women, Utilitarianism; and by Marx, such as those from: The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, Critique of the Gotha Program, German Ideology, Capital, among others), I shall provide interpretive and reconstructive accounts of the conceptions of freedom which may be implicit or explicit in their written works, and how they relate to their alternative conceptions of the political economy—the latter understood as alternative configurations of socio-economic and political structures. With these possible interpretations and reconstructions, I shall proceed to argue that these, in certain ways, different but related conceptions of freedom, based on ideas which may be implicit or explicit in their works, are crucial to understanding their normative conceptions of political economy. Moreover, I shall suggest that their views on freedom go deeper and more systematic than what tends -
Competing for Talent
COMPETING FOR TALENT By Yuhta Ishii, Aniko Öry, and Adrien Vigier February 2018 COWLES FOUNDATION DISCUSSION PAPER NO. 2119 COWLES FOUNDATION FOR RESEARCH IN ECONOMICS YALE UNIVERSITY Box 208281 New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8281 http://cowles.yale.edu/ Competing for Talent Yuhta Ishii, Aniko Ory,¨ and Adrien Vigier∗ First Draft: August 2015 This Draft: February 2018 Abstract In many labor markets, e.g., for lawyers, consultants, MBA students, and professional sport players, workers get offered and sign long-term contracts even though waiting could reveal significant information about their capabilities. This phenomenon is called unraveling. We examine the link between wage bargaining and unraveling. Two firms, an incumbent and an entrant, compete to hire a worker of unknown talent. Informational frictions prevent the incumbent from always observing the entrant's arrival, inducing unraveling in all equilibria. We analyze the extent of unraveling, surplus shares, the average talent of employed workers, and the distribution of wages within and across firms. Keywords: Unraveling, Talent, Wage Bargaining, Competition, Uncertainty. JEL Codes: C7, D8, J3 ∗Ishii: ITAM, Centro de Investigaci´onEcon´omica,Mexico, email: [email protected]; Ory:¨ Yale Uni- versity, School of Management, New Haven, CT 06511, email: [email protected]; Vigier: BI Norwegian Business School, email: [email protected]. We thank Nicholas Chow and Hungni Chen for excellent research assistance. We are grateful to Dirk Bergemann, Simon Board, Joyee Deb, Jeff Ely, Brett Green, Jo- hannes H¨orner,Lisa Kahn, Teddy Kim, Sebastian Kodritsch, Fei Li, Ilse Lindenlaub, Espen Moen, Guiseppe Moscarini, Pauli Murto, Peter Norman, Theodore Papageorgiou, Larry Samuelson, Utku Unver,¨ Leeat Yariv, Juuso Valimaki for helpful discussions and comments. -
A Letter to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
A Letter to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Karl Marx 946 Communist Way London , United Kingdom W11 2BQ Dear Comrade Karl and Comrade Friedrich: I write to you in appreciation and admiration. I have just read your Manifesto of the Communist Party and I have found it to be an outstanding analysis of industrial society. However, times have changed. And while I found your manifesto to be an incredibly well-written, scathing critique of capitalism, a primer on communism, a new way of looking at history and an incisive sociological study, the manifesto needs to be updated and given a facelift for modern times. Nevertheless, your work today is just as pertinent as it was in 1848. The collapse of the United States’ real estate market and the ensuing global recession of 2008 have engendered renewed interests in your ideas. Communism has a seat at the table of ideas in the modern world if it can to be adapted to the modern problems of capitalism by becoming more democratic, respecting the individual, adapting to a market based economy and readdressing the problems of wealth inequality and quality of life. I have found the most startling aspect of your manifesto to be its complete disregard for democracy. Your manifesto is a vitriolic attack on the iniquities of capitalism and offers communism as the sole alternative. Yet, the modern era, with its emphasis on human rights, has obviated the totalitarian nature that your essay suggests. The horrors of starvation and genocide in the Soviet Union, Cambodia , Red China and North Korea have made people wary of anything that reeks of communism. -
John Jay College City University of New York Econ 213: Political Economy Spring2020
John Jay College City University of New York Econ 213: Political Economy Spring2020 Instructor: Ian J. Seda-Irizarry, Ph.D. Email: [email protected] Office: 9.63.10 NB Office Telephone: 212-393-6425 Office Hours: Tu-Th: 2:00-3:00 pm or by appointment A) Overview: This course exposes students to one of the most sophisticated, yet misunderstood and marginalized, theories of social science. Focus will be on the contributions of the thinker who, perhaps better than anybody else, appropriated and critiqued a whole tradition of socio-economic analysis, which included thinkers such as William Petty, Francois Quesnay, Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Thomas Malthus, and John Stuart Mill. We are referring to Karl Marx. Marx is one of those figures from the history of thought whose contributions had been considered by many as redundant, inconsistent, simply outdated, and even dangerous. Still, his thought has ferociously knocked at the door once again in the face of capitalisms’ problems. The purpose of this course is to directly read Marx’s mature theorizations about how capital works to hopefully get a grasp of an understanding of capitalism as a system which suffers from recurrent crises, instabilities, business cycles and uneven development — all of them characteristics that mainstream economic theory tends to consider as secondary compared to the harmonious arrangement that is said to prevail in a market economy that is supposed to deliver the goods while providing the basis for a democratic political system. In this class we will mainly focus on Marx’s magnum opus, Volume 1 of Capital, and we will also read some excerpts from Volumes 2 and 3. -
Impact of Trade on the Characteristics of the Digital Newspaper Market New Empirical Evidence from Francophone Africa
Impact of Trade on the Characteristics of the Digital Newspaper Market New Empirical Evidence from Francophone Africa Anaïs Galdin May 22th, 2017 Abstract This paper provides a first empirical study of how openness to international trade in news products, a phenomenon largely facilitated by the digitalization of newspapers, may impact the characteristics of the information products available to consumers. Based on acasestudyoftheentryofFrenchmediafirmsinFrancophoneAfrica,webuildanew dataset of more than 800 000 newspaper articles over the period 2005 to 2017. Using text mining techniques, we construct a five-dimensional set of newspaper characteristics to qualitatively analyze newspaper data. Our evidences suggest that the entry of French digital newspapers, which produce a relatively low share of local news and whose websites are generally uniformly targeting all Francophone African countries, lead to a significant decrease of the diversity of subjects treated by Francophone African newspapers, charac- terized by a strong and significant increase of the share of local news, and a small decrease of the total number of articles related to France. We also find a slight but significant impact of the penetration of French digital newspapers on two indicators of newspaper format, namely a small increase of the average frequency of publication of Francophone African newspapers, and a very small decrease of the mean wordcount per articles. We believe the specific format of the news displayed on the web, generally significantly shorter than printed articles and with a higher publication rate, could explain the weakness of the effect on these two indicators.1 1I would like to thank my advisors, Julia CAGE and Thomas CHANEY, for their time, constructive discussions and invaluable advice. -
Philosophy (PHIL) 1
Philosophy (PHIL) 1 PHILOSOPHY (PHIL) PHIL 3000 Plato's Metaphysics (4 Credits) A systematic study of Plato's Middle and Late Period Dialogues that focuses on his arguments for the existence of abstract objects and the development of Plato's theory of Forms. Prerequisite: At least Junior standing or permission of instructor. PHIL 3003 Plato's Theory of Knowledge (4 Credits) A systematic investigation of Plato's treatments of knowledge throughout the dialogues with a focus on the theory of recollection, Forms as objects of knowledge, the relationship between the Forms and perceptual experience, and the challenges posed by notions of true and false belief. Prerequisites: At least Junior standing or permission of instructor. PHIL 3005 Cosmopolitics (4 Credits) This class will be a close reading of Plato's dialogue Timaeus, with a special focus on the cosmological, theological, and political dimensions of the text. PHIL 3010 Great Thinkers: Aristotle (4 Credits) A study of Aristotle's central theories and doctrines. Prerequisite: junior standing or instructor's permission. PHIL 3011 Great Thinkers: Virginia Woolf (4 Credits) In this course we will read Virginia Woolf as a philosopher. We will discuss her philosophy of nature, knowledge, art, politics, science, sensation, gender, and materialism throughout her fiction and non-fiction writings. PHIL 3023 Great Thinkers: Maimonides: Politics, Prophecy and Providence (4 Credits) Using "The Guide for the Perplexed" as our central text, we explore the complex philosophical ideas of Moses Maimonides (1135-1204), one of the central figures in medieval philosophy and Jewish thought. Our study includes analyses of his ideas on principles of faith, human perfection, intellectual vs. -
Casting Net Assessment Andrew W
THE 16 DREW PER PA S Casting Net Assessment Andrew W. Marshall and the Epistemic Community of the Cold War John M. Schutte Lieutenant Colonel, USAF Air University Steven L. Kwast, Lieutenant General, Commander and President School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Thomas D. McCarthy, Colonel, Commandant and Dean AIR UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ADVANCED AIR AND SPACE STUDIES Casting Net Assessment Andrew W. Marshall and the Epistemic Community of the Cold War John M. Schutte Lieutenant Colonel, USAF Drew Paper No. 16 Air University Press Air Force Research Institute Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama Project Editor Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jeanne K. Shamburger Schutte, John M., 1976– Copy Editor Casting net assessment : Andrew W. Marshall and the epistemic Carolyn Burns community of the Cold War / John M. Schutte, Lieutenant Colonel, USAF. Cover Art, Book Design, and Illustrations pages cm. — (Drew paper ; no. 16) Daniel L. Armstrong Includes bibliographical references. Composition and Prepress Production ISBN 978-1-58566-240-1 (alk. paper) Nedra O. Looney 1. Marshall, Andrew W., 1921– 2. United States. Department of Defense. Director of Net Assessment—Biography. 3. United Print Preparation and Distribution States. Department of Defense—Officials and employees— Diane Clark Biography. 4 Rand Corporation—Biography. 5. United States— Forecasting. 6. Military planning—United States—History— 20th century. 7. Military planning—United States—History—21st century. 8. United States—Military policy. 9. Strategy. 10. Cold War. I. Title. II. Title: Andrew W. Marshall and the epistemic community of the Cold War. UA23.6.S43 2014 AIR FORCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE 355.0092—dc23 [B] AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS 2014035197 Director and Publisher Allen G. -
Critiques of Growth in Classical Political Economy: Mill's Stationary
Critiques of growth in classical political economy: Mill’s stationary state and a Marxian response GARETH DALE ABSTRACT In recent political-economic theories of ‘nature,’ Mill and Marx/Engels form important reference points. Ecological economists see Mill’s ‘stationary state’ as seminal, while Marxists have ‘brought capitalism back in’ to debates on growth and climate change, sparking a Marxological renaissance that has overturned our understanding of Marx/Engels’ opus. This essay explores aspects of Mill’s and Marx/Engels’ work and contemporary reception. It identifies a resemblance between their historical dialectics. Marx’s communism is driven by logics of ‘agency’ and ‘structure’ (including the ‘tendency of profit rates to fall’). In Mill’s dialectic a ‘thesis,’ material progress, calls forth its ‘antithesis,’ diminishing returns. The inevitable ‘Aufhebung’ is a stationary state of wealth and population; Mill mentions countervailing tendencies but fails to consider their capacity to postpone utopia’s arrival. Today, Mill’s schema lives on in ecological economics, shorn of determinism but with its market advocacy intact. It appears to contrast with the ‘productive forces expansion’ espoused by Marx/Engels. They stand accused of ‘Promethean arrogance,’ ignoring ‘natural limits’ and ‘gambling on abundance.’ But I find these criticisms to be ill-judged, and propose an alternative reading, arguing that their work contains a critique of the ‘growth paradigm,’ and that their ‘cornucopian’ ends do not sanction ‘promethean’ means. That Karl Marx and John Stuart Mill inhabited the same city for over twenty years without encountering one another has prompted some of their admirers to compensate for the frustration of this event’s unfortunate non-occurrence by means of fantasy. -
Untitled Remarks from “Köln, 30
Jewish Philosophical Politics in Germany, 1789–1848 the tauber institute series for the study of european jewry Jehuda Reinharz, General Editor Sylvia Fuks Fried, Associate Editor Eugene R. Sheppard, Associate Editor The Tauber Institute Series is dedicated to publishing compelling and innovative approaches to the study of modern European Jewish history, thought, culture, and society. The series features scholarly works related to the Enlightenment, modern Judaism and the struggle for emancipation, the rise of nationalism and the spread of antisemitism, the Holocaust and its aftermath, as well as the contemporary Jewish experience. The series is published under the auspices of the Tauber Institute for the Study of European Jewry— established by a gift to Brandeis University from Dr. Laszlo N. Tauber—and is supported, in part, by the Tauber Foundation and the Valya and Robert Shapiro Endowment. For the complete list of books that are available in this series, please see www.upne.com Sven-Erik Rose Jewish Philosophical Politics in Germany, 1789–1848 ChaeRan Y. Freeze and Jay M. Harris, editors Everyday Jewish Life in Imperial Russia: Select Documents, 1772–1914 David N. Myers and Alexander Kaye, editors The Faith of Fallen Jews: Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi and the Writing of Jewish History Federica K. Clementi Holocaust Mothers and Daughters: Family, History, and Trauma *Ulrich Sieg Germany’s Prophet: Paul de Lagarde and the Origins of Modern Antisemitism David G. Roskies and Naomi Diamant Holocaust Literature: A History and Guide *Mordechai