The Jungle Express January 2009
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Rapid Climate Vulnerability Assessment of Gangtok, Sikkim
February, 2018 RAPID CLIMATE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF GANGTOK, SIKKIM Developing Disaster Resilience Action Plan Through GIS & Prioritising Actions for Natural Disaster Risk Reduction in Urban Agglomerations of Shillong & Gangtok Gangtok City, Sikkim Gangtok, the capital city of Sikkim, is located in the eastern Himalayan range. The city is flanked on east and west by two streams, namely Roro Chu and Ranikhola, respectively, comprising 17 municipal wards. These two rivers divide the natural drainage into two parts, the eastern and western parts. Fig 1: Gangtok City map Gangtok City Characteristics Indicators Characteristics Classification of the city Hill Location 27°20’N 88°37’E Area 19.016 sq.km Climate Type Subtropical highland climate Temperature Average Annual Maximum Temperature - 27°C Average Annual Minimum Temperature - 19°C Rainfall Average annual : 3494 mm Height above Mean Sea Level 1,676 m above MSL Fig2: The main road connecting Gangtok to other cities Fig3: Gangtok M G Marg and towns Steep slopes, vulnerability to landslides, large forest cover and inadequate access to most areas characterize Gangtok. Unplanned urbanization and rapid construction on the hill slopes has increased the risk of environmental degradation in Gangtok. Hazard Exposure Sl. No Hazard Type Exposure 1 Flash Flood Y 2 Drought/ Heat Wave N 3 Earthquakes Y 4 Landslides Y 5 Forest Fires Y 6 Heavy Rainfall Y 7 Hailstorms/thundering Y Hazard Timeline Index Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Landslides Flash Flood Hailstorm/thundering Forest -
Probabilistic Travel Model of Gangtok City, Sikkim, India FINAL.Pdf
European Journal of Geography Volume 4, Issue2: 46-54, 2013 © Association of European Geographers ANALYSIS OF TOURISM ATTRACTIVENESS USING PROBABILISTIC TRAVEL MODEL: A STUDY ON GANGTOK AND ITS SURROUNDINGS Suman PAUL Krishnagar Govt. College, Department of Geography Nadia, West Bengal, India. Pin-741101 http://www.krishnagargovtcollege.org/ [email protected] Abstract: Tourism is now one of the largest industries in the world that has developed alongside the fascinating concept of eco-tourism. The concept of tourism could be traced back to ancient times when people travelled with a view to acquiring knowledge of unknown lands and people, for the development of trade and commerce, for religious preaching and also for the sheer adventure of discovery. In fact the system of tourism involves a combination of travel, destination and marketing, which lead to a process of its cultural dimension. Gangtok as a core centre of Sikkim has potential command area over different tourist spots in East Sikkim, which are directly linked by a network of roads centering Gangtok and are perfectly accessible for one-day trips. The tourist attractions of East Sikkim are clustered mostly in and around Gangtok, the state capital. This study shows the tourism infrastructure as well as seasonal arrival of tourists in the Gangtok city and to develop the probabilistic travel model on the basis of tourist perception which will help the tourism department for the further economic development of the area. KeyWords: Eco-tourism, command area, tourist attractions, probabilistic travel model 1. INTRODUCTION Tourism is now one of the largest industries in the world that has developed alongside the fascinating concept of eco-tourism. -
Khangchendzonga National Park
ASIA / PACIFIC KHANGCHENDZONGA NATIONAL PARK INDIA Sacred site in the Khangchendzonga National Park - © IUCN Tilman Jaeger India - Khangchendzonga National Park WORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION – IUCN TECHNICAL EVALUATION KHANGCHENDZONGA NATIONAL PARK (INDIA) – ID 1513 IUCN RECOMMENDATION TO WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE: To inscribe the property under natural criteria. Key paragraphs of Operational Guidelines: Paragraph 77: Nominated property meets World Heritage criteria. Paragraph 78: Nominated property meets integrity and protection and management requirements. 1. DOCUMENTATION Kangchenjunga Transboundary Conservation and Development Initiative in the Hindu Kush Himalayas. a) Date nomination received by IUCN: 16 March Prepared for TBPA. Krishna AP, Chhetri S, Singh KK 2015 (2002) Human Dimensions of Conservation in the Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve: The Need for b) Additional information officially requested from Conflict Prevention. Mountain Research and and provided by the State Party: Khangchendzonga Development 22(4):328-331. Lachungpa U (2009) National Park is nominated as a mixed site. ICOMOS Indigenous Lifstyles and Biodiversity Conservation wrote to the State Party in September, 2015 Issues in North Sikkim. Indian Journal of Traditional requesting supplementary information on a range of Knowledge 8(1): 51-55. Oli KP, Chaudhary S, Sharma issues related to the evaluation of cultural values. A UR (2013) Are Governance and Management Effective joint IUCN / ICOMOS progress report was then sent on within Protected Areas of the Kanchenjunga 17 December 2015 following the respective ICOMOS Landscape (Bhutan, India And Nepal)? PARKS 19(1): and IUCN Panel meetings. Requests were made of the 25-36. Sathyakumar S, Bashir T, Bhattacharya T, State Party to update the biodiversity inventory for Poudyal K (2011b) Mammals of the Khangchendzonga species within the property; consider changes to the Biosphere Reserve, Sikkim, India. -
INTRODUCTION 1 1 Lepcha Is a Tibeto-Burman Language Spoken In
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 11 Lepcha is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Sikkim, Darjeeling district in West Bengal in India, in Ilm district in Nepal, and in a few villages of Samtsi district in south-western Bhutan. The tribal home- land of the Lepcha people is referred to as ne mayLe VÎa ne máyel lyáng ‘hidden paradise’ or ne mayLe malUX VÎa ne máyel málúk lyáng ‘land of eternal purity’. Most of the areas in which Lepcha is spoken today were once Sikkimese territory. The kingdom of Sikkim used to com- prise all of present-day Sikkim and most of Darjeeling district. Kalim- pong, now in Darjeeling district, used to be part of Bhutan, but was lost to the British and became ‘British Bhutan’ before being incorpo- rated into Darjeeling district. The Lepcha are believed to be the abo- riginal inhabitants of Sikkim. Today the Lepcha people constitute a minority of the population of modern Sikkim, which has been flooded by immigrants from Nepal. Although the Lepcha themselves estimate their number of speakers to be over 50,000, the total number is likely to be much smaller. Accord- ing to the 1991 Census of India, the most recent statistical profile for which the data have been disaggregated, the total number of mother tongue Lepcha speakers across the nation is 29,854. While their dis- tribution is largely in Sikkim and the northern districts of West Ben- gal, there are no reliable speaker numbers for these areas. In the Dar- jeeling district there are many Lepcha villages particularly in the area surrounding the small town of Kalimpong. -
Over View of Package Highlights Tour Itinerary Sikkim Darjeeling 4N/5D: Gangtok (2N), Darjeeling(2N) Package Costing &
Over View of Package • Package Name: Sikkim Darjeeling 4N/5D • Tour Route Gangtok(2N), Darjeeling(2N) • Duration: 4N /5D • Number of Pax : 2 Adults • Travel Dates : 1st April – 31st June 2021 Highlights • Gangtok Local City Tour • Tsomgo Lake & Baba Mandir • Darjeeling Local City Tour Tour Itinerary Sikkim Darjeeling 4N/5D: Gangtok (2N), Darjeeling(2N) Day1:NJP / IXB/Siliguri to Gangtok After Pick Up from IXB/NJP/Siliguri, start your wonderful vacation & proceed to Gangtok (5,410 ft) which is 120 km away and takes 4.5 hours approximately.After reaching Gangtok, check-in at the hotel. Overnight stay. Day2:Tsomgo Lake and New Baba Mandir After early breakfast, start for a full day excursion to Tsomgo lake (12,400ft) and New Baba Mandir (13,200ft). Please carry 3 passport size photos and photocopies of any valid Govt Photo ID proof of all travellers. School IDs/Birth certificate required for children. Please note Nathula pass (Indo Chinese border) situated at 14,500 ft. is an optional sightseeing point, which is not a part of this package. Special Permit is required for Nathula, is done on extra cost paid directly on the spot and is totally dependent on the issuance of permit by the Sikkim tourism Dept. It is closed for visitors on Mondays and Tuesdays There will be extra charges too. Permits may be granted on a clubbing basis. (Nathula Extra Rs 5,000/- per Cab if Permitted) Day3:Gangtok Half-Day City Tour & Transfer to Darjeeling Go for Gangtok half day sightseeing covering Bakthang Waterfalls, Institute of Handicraft, Flower Show, Chorten, Tibetology and Ropeway.& Transfer to Darjeeling Day4:Darjeeling city tour Wake up early in the morning (3:30am) to witness the sunrise from Tiger Hill (2,590 meters/13 KM/45 min). -
Food Security in North-East Region of India — a State-Wise Analysis
Agricultural Economics Research Review Vol. 28 (Conference Number) 2015 pp 259-266 DOI: 10.5958/0974-0279.2015.00041.5 Food Security in North-East Region of India — A State-wise Analysis A. Roy*, N.U. Singh, D.S. Dkhar, A.K. Mohanty, S.B. Singh and A.K. Tripathi ICAR Research Complex for North-Eastern Hill Region, Umiam - 793 103, Meghalaya Abstract With the adoption of high-yielding varieties of paddy, the foodgrains production has increased in North- East region of India. To estimate the growth performance of agriculture, time series data on area, production and productivity of foodgrains have been analysed for the period 1972-73 to 2011-12, which was divided into three decades, viz. 1982-83 to 1991-92 (I decade), 1992-93 to 2001-02 (II decade), 2002-03 to 2011- 12 (III decade) and overall period 1972-73 to 2011-12. During the overall period, among the states, Nagaland registered the highest significant growth in area, production and yield, followed by Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram. All the NE states have shown positive growth rates in area, production and yield increase. The decomposition analysis of growth has suggested that sources of output growth were almost same in all the periods. During the first decade, the major contribution in the change of foodgrain production in the region was of area effect (74.8%), followed by yield effect (22.8%), whereas in all-India, the yield effect was 71 per cent. During the second period, the region had almost half sharer (50.3%) of area effect in food security, followed by yield effect (42.7%). -
Detailed Project Report National Adaptation Fund
DETAILED PROJECT REPORT ON MANAGEMENT OF ECOSYSTEM OF KAZIRANGA NATIONAL PARK BY CREATING CLIMATE RESILIENT LIVELIHOOD FOR VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES THROUGH ORGANIC FARMING AND POND BASED PISCICULTURE for NATIONAL ADAPTATION FUND ON CLIMATE CHANGE SUBMITTED TO MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST & CLIMATE CHANGE, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA Indira Paryavaran Bhavan, Jorbagh Road, New Delhi - 110003 Page | 1 Title of Project/Programme: Management of ecosystem of Kaziranga National Park by creating climate resilient livelihood for vulnerable communities through organic farming and pond based pisciculture Project/Programme Objective/s: The proposed project entails the following broad objectives: ► Rejuvenating selected beels which are presently completely dry and doesn’t hold any water, which includes de-siltation of the beel to increase the depth and thus the augment the water holding capacity of the beel. ► Increase in livelihood option for vulnerable communities living in vicinity of Kaziranga National Park through organic farming and pond based fisheries ► Management of watersheds through check dams and ponds Organic farming is envisaged for the vulnerable communities within the southern periphery of the national park. A focused livelihood generation from fisheries is also envisaged for the fishing communities living in the in the north bank of Brahmaputra. Project/ Programme Sector: ► Forestry, agriculture, fisheries and ecosystem Name of Executing Entity/ies/Department: ► Kaziranga National Park (KNP) under Department of Environment & Forests (DoEF), Government of Assam. Beneficiaries: ► Vulnerable communities living in the periphery of Kaziranga National Park (KNP), Assam Project Duration: 3 years Start Date: October 2016 End Date: September 2019 Amount of Financing Requested (INR.): 2,473.08 Lakhs Project Location: The list of finalised project sites are as under. -
Chapter 8 Sikkim
Chapter 8 Sikkim AC Sinha Sikkim, an Indian State on the Eastern Himalayan ranges, is counted among states with Buddhist followers, which had strong cultural ties with the Tibetan region of the Peoples’ Republic of China. Because of its past feudal history, it was one of the three ‘States’ along with Nepal and Bhutan which were known as ‘the Himalayan Kingdoms’ till 1975, the year of its merger with the Indian Union. It is a small state with 2, 818 sq. m. (7, 096 sq. km.) between 27 deg. 4’ North to 28 deg 7’ North latitude between 80 deg. East 4’ and 88deg. 58’ East longitude. This 113 kilometre long and 64 kilometre wide undulating topography is located above 300 to 7,00 metres above sea level. Its known earliest settlers, the Lepchas, termed it as Neliang, the country of the caverns that gave them shelter. Bhotias, the Tibetan migrants, called it lho’mon, ‘the land of the southern (Himalayan) slop’. As rice plays important part in Buddhist rituals in Tibet, which they used to procure from India, they began calling it ‘Denjong’ (the valley of rice). Folk traditions inform us that it was also the land of mythical ‘Kiratas’ of Indian classics. The people of Kirati origin (Lepcha, Limbu, Rai and possibly Magar) used to marry among themselves in the hoary past. As the saying goes, a newly wedded Limbu bride on her arrival to her groom’s newly constructed house, exclaimed, “Su-khim” -- the new house. This word not only got currency, but also got anglicized into Sikkim (Basnet 1974). -
An Assessment of Dams in India's North East Seeking Carbon Credits from Clean Development Mechanism of the United Nations Fram
AN ASSESSMENT OF DAMS IN INDIA’S NORTH EAST SEEKING CARBON CREDITS FROM CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM OF THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE A Report prepared By Mr. Jiten Yumnam Citizens’ Concern for Dams and Development Paona Bazar, Imphal Manipur 795001 E-add: [email protected], [email protected] February 2012 Supported by International Rivers CONTENTS I INTRODUCTION: OVERVIEW OF DAMS AND CDM PROJECTS IN NORTH EAST II BRIEF PROJECT DETAILS AND KEY ISSUES AND CHALLENGES PERTAINING TO DAM PROJECTS IN INDIA’S NORTH EAST SEEKING CARBON CREDITS FROM CDM MECHANISM OF UNFCCC 1. TEESTA III HEP, SIKKIM 2. TEESTA VI HEP, SIKKIM 3. RANGIT IV HEP, SIKKIM 4. JORETHANG LOOP HEP, SIKKIM 5. KHUITAM HEP, ARUNACHAL PRADESH 6. LOKTAK HEP, MANIPUR 7. CHUZACHEN HEP, SIKKIM 8. LOWER DEMWE HEP, ARUNACHAL PRADESH 9. MYNTDU LESHKA HEP, MEGHALAYA 10. TING TING HEP, SIKKIM 11. TASHIDING HEP, SIKKIM 12. RONGNINGCHU HEP, SIKKIM 13. DIKCHU HEP, SIKKIM III KEY ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF DAMS IN INDIA’S NORTH EAST SEEKING CARBON CREDIT FROM CDM IV CONCLUSIONS V RECOMMENDATIONS VI ANNEXURES A) COMMENTS AND SUBMISSIONS TO CDM EXECUTIVE BOARD ON DAM PROJECTS FROM INDIA’S NORTH EAST SEEKING REGISTRATION B) MEDIA COVERAGES OF MYNTDU LESHKA DAM SEEKING CARBON CREDITS FROM CDM OF UNFCCC GLOSSARY OF TERMS ACT: Affected Citizens of Teesta CDM: Clean Development Mechanism CC : Carbon Credits CER: Certified Emissions Reductions CWC: Central Water Commission DPR: Detailed Project Report DOE: Designated Operating Entity DNA: Designated Nodal Agency EAC: -
Biodiversity Mapping Survey/Study in Kaziranga National Park (KNP)
Biodiversity Mapping Survey/Study in Kaziranga National Park (KNP) Mammals Chapter Final Report Prepared by Mr. Sameer B. Bajaru Mammologist 1 Introduction The north east India includes two biodiversity hotspots of the World, Himalayan and Indo- Burma (Mayer et al. 2000; Mittermeier et al. 2004). It is extremely rich in diversity of the mammals; about 269 species are recorded from this region (Choudhury, 2013). Geographic position of the area, situated in overlapping zones of Palaearctic and Oriental region would be the probable reason for its exceptional diversity of the mammals. This region harbours heterogeneous assemblages of mammals form different subregions such as Indian, Himalayan and Indo-chinese. Its mammalian fauna have close affinity with Indo-Chinese followed by Indian and Himalayan subregions (Choudhury, 2013). NE India has played crucial role in shaping mammalian diversity of Indian subregion. Prehistorically it act as corridor for immigration of Indo-Malayan fauna into Indian subregion and also as reserve for tropical species (tropical species gene reservoir) during glacial period (Tamma & Ramakrishnan, 2015). NE India can be physiographically broadly divided into Assam plains and NE hills. Assam plains/Brahmaputra Valley are floodplains, one of the most dynamic ecosystems formed by massive flooding form the Brahmaputra River. This river forms massive and complicated network of some of the Words largest sandy and grassy islands, locally known as Chars/Chaporis. Brahmaputra strongly influenced the vegetation in the Assam plains, mainly dominated by alluvial grasslands, alluvial lowland semi-evergreen forest and mixed deciduous forest (Sharma et al. 2012). The valley includes human settlements, agriculture fields and one of the World's largest tract of the tea gardens. -
North Eastern Region Urban Development Programme (NERUDP)
North Eastern Region Urban Development Programme (NERUDP) The North Eastern Region (NER) of India, which includes the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura, is one of the less developed regions in India. In order to enable these States to meet their development challenges in the urban sector, Government of India (GoI) has requested Asian Development Bank (ADB) to assist it in its efforts to encourage development in the NER. During the last four years an urban sector road map has been prepared for infrastructure investment requirements in priority urban services viz. (i) Water Supply, (ii) Sewerage and Sanitation, and (iii) Solid Waste Management in these states. In addition, Project Management and Capacity Development of the ULBs through institutional and financial reforms is another component of the proposed project so that the ULBs become capable of planning and implementing infrastructure projects. The project named as North Eastern Region Urban Development Programme (NERUDP) is to be implemented by the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) in two phases. Phase – I covers capital cities of 5 North Eastern States viz. Agartala (Tripura), Aizawl (Mizoram), Gangtok (Sikkim), Kohima (Nagaland) and Shillong (Meghalaya). The states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Manipur would be covered in Phase – II. The project (Phase-I) has been approved by the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) in its meeting held on 26.02.2009. The total cost of the Phase-I of NERUDP is estimated at $285.7 million (INR 1371.4 crores @ $1 = INR 48) with the following financing plan: • 30% of cost of project (i.e. -
Is Growth in Agriculture Propelled by Its Allied Sectors in North-East India?
Agricultural Economics Research Review Vol. 28 (Conference Number) 2015 pp 69-80 DOI: 10.5958/0974-0279.2015.00023.3 Is Growth in Agriculture Propelled by its Allied Sectors in North-East India? K.U. Viswanathan* National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Develpment, Assam Regional Office, Guwahati – 781 006, Assam Abstract Activities like livestock farming, fisheries, forestry and sericulture of sectors allied to agriculture have traditionally been integral part of culture, habit and livelihood of the people in the North–East Region (NER) of India. This paper has examined whether growth in agriculture is propelled by the growth of its allied sectors by collecting state-wise data for the period 2004-05 to 2010-11 on the value of output, livestock and landholdings from published sources. The study has found that activities of allied sector have been an important part of the predominantly agrarian economy of NER. While facilities to introduce genetic improvement and its wide spread adoption have been found crucial for livestock and poultry development, the fresh water prawn, either as monoculture or polyculture, with compatible species of carp, could transform the inland fishery scenario in the states of Assam and Tripura. The forest resources have been found to offer livelihood by way of firewood, raw materials like bamboo and cane for self- employment and minor forest produce like honey for cash income for a large section of forest-dependent population. The sericulture practised by the indigenous population, can be transformed into a major sector for investment, employment and income generation in the region. The study has concluded that the development of the allied sectors that conform to the local preference and habits in the NER, would serve as prelude to investments in the settled agriculture.