Vail,Varizona:Vhistoric Preservation Planvvv[2014]
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VAIL, ARIZONA: HISTORIC PRESERVATION PLAN [2014] ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS [PP. 4] EXECUTIVE SUMMARY [PP. 5] SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW [PP. 8] INTRODUCTION TO THE PLAN INTRODUCTION TO THE VAIL AREA LEGAL BASIS SECTION 2 VAIL HISTORY AND HERITAGE [PP. 26] PREHISTORIC HISTORY: TRANSPORTATION HISTORY: CATTLE RANCHING HISTORY: MINING HISTORY: COMMUNITY HISTORIC RESOURCE SURVEY SECTION 3 PRESERVATION: PAST PRESERVATION EFFORTS AND A RENEWED EMPHASIS [PP. 54] PAST PRESERVATION EFFORTS A RENEWED EMPHASIS: VAIL AS CULTURAL LANDSCAPE SECTION 4 PLANNING: LAND-USE AND GROWTH MANAGEMENT [PP.60] ZONING GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 5 COMMUNITY: DEFINING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION [PP. 71] SECTION 6 RECOMMENDATIONS: BUILDING A PRESERVATION PROGRAM IN VAIL [PP.75] SAVING THE OLD VAIL POST OFFICE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE STUDY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INCENTIVE PROGRAMS TOWN SITE DESIGN CONCEPTS AND ALTERNATIVES SECTION 7 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND ACTIONS [PP.98] RESOURCES AND APPENDICES [PP.101] Image 1 (on title page): Original Vail Town Site, including Old Vail Road (Highway 80), The Shrine of Santa Rita in the Desert in the Desert and The 1908 Vail & Post Office, March 1935 Shrine Dedication. (Courtesy Catholic Diocese of Tucson Archives) 2 TABLES AND MAPS Table 1: Previous Cultural Resource ManageMent Projects within One Mile of the Historic Town Site (pp. 54) Table 2: Previously Identified Historic Properties within One Mile of Historic Town Site (pp. 55) Table 3: Zoning Definitions (pp. 67-68) Map 1 Project location: Vail, Arizona original town site at Colossal Cave Road and Old Vail Road (previously Highway 80) Map 2 One-mile focus zone, centered around the original town site and 1908 Vail & Post Office Map 3 One-mile “focus zone,” and five-mile “conteXtual zone”; together, the Vail Historic Preservation Plan focus area Map 4 The location of the post office and town site within the one-mile “focus zone” with the overall conteXt of land ownership in the area. Map 5 The location of the post office and town site within the one-mile “focus zone” and the five-mile “conteXtual zone”, with the overall context of land ownership in the area. Map 6 Map of Vail drawn by Leonard McCulloch, 1918 (courtesy of VPS) Map 7 Butterfield Overland National Historic Trail Special Resource Study/Environmental AssessMent Map 8 Vail Sensitivity Map; derived from Model created by Daughtrey (2014) Map 9 Zoning Map for the one-mile focus zone Map 10 The location of the original town site within the one-mile priority buffer, the five-mile buffer, and in the overall context of zoning in the area Map 11 Cultural resources identified by the Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan; Vail is within a “Priority Archaeological Site CoMplex” Map 12 Land use intensity Map of one-mile focus zone Map 13 The location of the town site within the one-mile priority buffer, the five-mile buffer, and in the overall conteXt of land use intensity Map 14 View of the natural washes in the vicinity of the study area Map 15 The location of historic Vail town site within the one-mile priority buffer, the five-mile buffer, and in the overall context of washes 3 Vail Preservation Society Executive Director ComMunity Advisory Board J.J. Lamb Marlene Bachmann Executive Board MeMbers Charlotte CooK Max Allen AllIson Corona CalvIn BaKer Greg Cranwell James Egbert, Esq. Royce Davenport Al Flores SandI GarrIck DavIta Mueller Rebecca Howey Sandy Knowlden Robert LeftwIch Jayme Kahle Jeanne LumIa Carla Kerekes-MartIn Charlotte Kimball-Leon MiKe Pena Neal Lutyens DavId Yubeta Tracy MartIn Advisory Board MeMbers Barbara Mayer Andrew GorskI Jo Maxwell Sarah HIteman Ann MIKo Joy MehulKa Ron MIKo Marley Lamb Gary Scott RobIn Pinto Jenny SelensKI ElIzabeth Webb Edward Wagner Sandy WhItehouse PiMa County Linda Mayro, Ph.D., Director, Office of Conservation and Sustainability University of Arizona, PLG 564 Preservation Planning Issues Graduate SeMinar WillIam P. O'BrIen, Facilitator Nicole C. Lavely, Project Manager Rebecca CarolI, Editor Starr Herr-CardIllo, Editor Aysan Abdollahzadeh, Designer Jae Anderson DeyanIva Nevarez MartInez StephanIe StIscia WillIam WhIte Special thanks to the following individuals for their consultation and contribution: Pat O’ BrIen, Ph.D., Cultural Resources, DSCESU, National Park Service J.J. Lamb, VPS EXecutive Director, Vail Preservation Society Jonathan Mabry, Ph.D., Tucson Historic Preservation Officer, City of Tucson Frank S. Bangs, Jr., Lazarus, Sylan & Bangs, P.C. Courtney Rose, Ph.D., Cultural Resources & Historic Preservation PrograM Coordinator, PiMa County Office of Sustainability & Conservation Ian M. MillIKen, M.A., Cultural Resources & Historic Preservation PrograM Coordinator, PiMa County Office of Sustainability & Conservation Cannon S. Daughtrey, M.A., Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology (BARA), University of Arizona SubMitted May 2014 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Historic resources and landscapes are finite; once destroyed, they cannot be replaced. The successful implementation of conservation activities requires actions beyond the mere stabilization of structures. To be successful in the long term, preservation planning must involve the comprehensive pursuit of regulatory framework, community education and participation, and economic mechanisms. Preservation planning can serve to organize these efforts into a logical and manageable sequence of tasks. It is the intent of this document to illuminate the vast potential and urgency of a preservation program within the Greater Vail Area to the benefit of its community. Vail, Arizona, has historically been a diverse, rural community located southeast of the City of Tucson in Pima County. The expansive Southwestern landscape and the original Vail town site encompass cultural resources spanning a multitude of cultural groups tracing back thousands of years to the present. As will be demonstrated, the area is a high sensitivity zone for archaeological sites and historic properties. Transportation, mining, and cattle ranching have all had a huge impact on the cultural and physical development of the area now known as Vail. The Vail Historic Preservation Plan was produced by a group of University of Arizona graduate students at the request of the Vail Preservation Society (VPS), a non-profit organization advocating community connections through local history. The Vail Historic Preservation Plan develops a framework of goals and recommendations under the auspices of Pima County’s Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan, Arizona State Historic Preservation Plan and area historic preservation guidelines. The structure guides zoning, land-use, and growth management based on significant cultural resources associated with two concentric zones (a one-mile radius “focus zone,” and a five-mile “contextual zone”) centered on the original town site, at Colossal Cave Road and Old Vail Road (previously Highway 80). The plan is meant to evolve with changes in commercial, social and jurisdictional conditions and special care was taken to allow for flexibility in the event of incorporation. Recommendations will be made for county and privately owned lands within this area. The document addresses the need to develop a proactive public participation process, and provides a course of action to preserve Vail’s cultural resources while promoting economic development. The recommended actions are outlined in three town site concepts. The scope of the plan strives to sustain a strong future of its shared past by revisiting the vision and elements of the plan every five-years. 5 The Vail Historic Preservation Plan is organized by chapters that address the following goals: • Provide context for preservation in Vail by outlining a thorough environmental and cultural history of the area [Section 3 Vail History and Heritage] • Provide a comprehensive summary of past and ongoing preservation efforts [Section 4 Preservation: Past Preservation Efforts and a Renewed Emphasis] • Impart a focused emphasis for linking cultural significance to the landscape as related to preservation recommendations [Section 4 Preservation: Past Preservation Efforts and a Renewed Emphasis] • Encourage the implementation of land-use strategies that maintain the view shed and emphasize the protection of the surrounding cultural landscape. [Section 5 Planning: Zoning, Land-Use and Growth Management] • Provide a public outreach strategy with specific recommendations for implementing public participation in ongoing preservation efforts [Section 6 Community: Defining Public Participation] • Offer recommendations to foster a healthy and productive preservation program in Vail that balances the needs of the cultural resources with those of the community [Section 7 Recommendations: Building a Preservation Program in Vail] • Provide design guidelines and program alternatives for proposed historic/cultural district [Section 7 Recommendations: Building a Preservation Program in Vail] 6 Map 1 Project location: Vail, Arizona original town site at Colossal Cave Road and Old Vail Road (previously Highway 80). 7 SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION TO THE PLAN Historian David Lowenthal (1979:554) once observed that, at the local level, communities need familiar landmarks in order to remain in touch with their own collective pasts in a rapidly changing world. Many cities, towns and villages go to great lengths to conserve scenes and structures of the past that “would never qualify for preservation grants as architectural gems or ancient monuments.” Most of world’s historic sites are not internationally