Note: for Scottish Place-Names, Area Designations in the Index Use Post-1996 Local Authority Names, with Cross- References from Historic Counties Where Given
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The Early Effects of Gunpowder on Fortress Design: a Lasting Impact
The Early Effects of Gunpowder on Fortress Design: A Lasting Impact MATTHEW BAILEY COLLEGE OF THE HOLY CROSS The introduction of gunpowder did not immediately transform the battlefields of Europe. Designers of fortifications only had to respond to the destructive threats of siege warfare, and witnessing the technical failures of early gunpowder weaponry would hardly have convinced a European magnate to bolster his defenses. This essay follows the advancement of gunpowder tactics in late medieval and early Renaissance Europe. In particular, it focuses on Edward III’s employment of primitive ordnance during the Hundred Years’ War, the role of artillery in the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople, and the organizational challenges of effectively implementing gunpowder as late as the end of the fifteenth century. This essay also seeks to illustrate the nature of the development of fortification in response to the emerging threat of gunpowder siege weaponry, including the architectural theories of the early Renaissance Italians, Henry VIII’s English artillery forts of the mid-sixteenth century, and the evolution of the angle bastion. The article concludes with a short discussion of the longevity and lasting relevance of the fortification technologies developed during the late medieval and early Renaissance eras. The castle was an inseparable component of medieval warfare. Since Duke William of Normandy’s 1066 conquest of Anglo-Saxon England, the construction of castles had become the earmark of medieval territorial expansion. These fortifications were not simply stone squares with round towers adorning the corners. Edward I’s massive castle building program in Wales, for example, resulted in fortifications so visually disparate that one might assume they were from different time periods.1 Medieval engineers had built upon castle technology for centuries by 1500, and the introduction of gunpowder weaponry to the battlefields of Europe foreshadowed a revision of the basics of fortress design. -
CHAINING the HUDSON the Fight for the River in the American Revolution
CHAINING THE HUDSON The fight for the river in the American Revolution COLN DI Chaining the Hudson Relic of the Great Chain, 1863. Look back into History & you 11 find the Newe improvers in the art of War has allways had the advantage of their Enemys. —Captain Daniel Joy to the Pennsylvania Committee of Safety, January 16, 1776 Preserve the Materials necessary to a particular and clear History of the American Revolution. They will yield uncommon Entertainment to the inquisitive and curious, and at the same time afford the most useful! and important Lessons not only to our own posterity, but to all succeeding Generations. Governor John Hancock to the Massachusetts House of Representatives, September 28, 1781. Chaining the Hudson The Fight for the River in the American Revolution LINCOLN DIAMANT Fordham University Press New York Copyright © 2004 Fordham University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored ii retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other—except for brief quotation: printed reviews, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISBN 0-8232-2339-6 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Diamant, Lincoln. Chaining the Hudson : the fight for the river in the American Revolution / Lincoln Diamant.—Fordham University Press ed. p. cm. Originally published: New York : Carol Pub. Group, 1994. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8232-2339-6 (pbk.) 1. New York (State)—History—Revolution, 1775-1783—Campaigns. 2. United States—History—Revolution, 1775-1783—Campaigns. 3. Hudson River Valley (N.Y. -
A Reconsideration of Pictish Mirror and Comb Symbols Traci N
University of Wisconsin Milwaukee UWM Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations December 2016 Gender Reflections: a Reconsideration of Pictish Mirror and Comb Symbols Traci N. Billings University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, European History Commons, and the Medieval History Commons Recommended Citation Billings, Traci N., "Gender Reflections: a Reconsideration of Pictish Mirror and Comb Symbols" (2016). Theses and Dissertations. 1351. https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/1351 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GENDER REFLECTIONS: A RECONSIDERATION OF PICTISH MIRROR AND COMB SYMBOLS by Traci N. Billings A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Anthropology at The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee December 2016 ABSTRACT GENDER REFLECTIONS: A RECONSIDERATION OF PICTISH MIRROR AND COMB SYMBOLS by Traci N. Billings The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2016 Under the Supervision of Professor Bettina Arnold, PhD. The interpretation of prehistoric iconography is complicated by the tendency to project contemporary male/female gender dichotomies into the past. Pictish monumental stone sculpture in Scotland has been studied over the last 100 years. Traditionally, mirror and comb symbols found on some stones produced in Scotland between AD 400 and AD 900 have been interpreted as being associated exclusively with women and/or the female gender. This thesis re-examines this assumption in light of more recent work to offer a new interpretation of Pictish mirror and comb symbols and to suggest a larger context for their possible meaning. -
Place-Names of Inverness and Surrounding Area Ainmean-Àite Ann an Sgìre Prìomh Bhaile Na Gàidhealtachd
Place-Names of Inverness and Surrounding Area Ainmean-àite ann an sgìre prìomh bhaile na Gàidhealtachd Roddy Maclean Place-Names of Inverness and Surrounding Area Ainmean-àite ann an sgìre prìomh bhaile na Gàidhealtachd Roddy Maclean Author: Roddy Maclean Photography: all images ©Roddy Maclean except cover photo ©Lorne Gill/NatureScot; p3 & p4 ©Somhairle MacDonald; p21 ©Calum Maclean. Maps: all maps reproduced with the permission of the National Library of Scotland https://maps.nls.uk/ except back cover and inside back cover © Ashworth Maps and Interpretation Ltd 2021. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2021. Design and Layout: Big Apple Graphics Ltd. Print: J Thomson Colour Printers Ltd. © Roddy Maclean 2021. All rights reserved Gu Aonghas Seumas Moireasdan, le gràdh is gean The place-names highlighted in this book can be viewed on an interactive online map - https://tinyurl.com/ybp6fjco Many thanks to Audrey and Tom Daines for creating it. This book is free but we encourage you to give a donation to the conservation charity Trees for Life towards the development of Gaelic interpretation at their new Dundreggan Rewilding Centre. Please visit the JustGiving page: www.justgiving.com/trees-for-life ISBN 978-1-78391-957-4 Published by NatureScot www.nature.scot Tel: 01738 444177 Cover photograph: The mouth of the River Ness – which [email protected] gives the city its name – as seen from the air. Beyond are www.nature.scot Muirtown Basin, Craig Phadrig and the lands of the Aird. Central Inverness from the air, looking towards the Beauly Firth. Above the Ness Islands, looking south down the Great Glen. -
Soft Rock 5-Resolis.Pdf
Soft Rock 5 Project 2 Resolis Friendship Group Introduction Over several months during 2015 five groups of older adults based on the Black Isle took part in Soft Rock 5, the latest in a series of outreach projects organised by Groam House Museum, Rosemarkie. Working with Inverness-based textile artist Ruth Black, each group learnt the art of felting, and using various techniques completed their own unique wall hanging using the work of George Bain and the imagery found on local Pictish Stones as inspiration. Over the later part of 2015 the five banners were exhibited in various locations locally, finishing their journey on display at Celtic Connections Festival 2016 in Glasgow. Thanks must go to the group leaders, volunteers and participants whose enthusiasm and commitment made the project such a success, and without whom these beautiful pieces would not exist. The project was made possible by funding from Heritage Lottery, Museums Galleries Scotland and the Highland Council Wendy Sanders Groam House Museum Project Co-ordinator Groam House Museum - Rosemarkie The second wall hanging This felt panel was made by a team of volunteers from Resolis Friendship Group under the guidance of textile artist Ruth Black. This album shows the various stages that we went through in creating the wall hanging over five action packed days working in the Resolis Memorial Hall. The wall hanging design was inspired by the work of George Bain, who in turn was inspired by the complex Pictish and Celtic designs of the early Christian and pre-Christian sculptured stone monuments that abound in the north and east of Scotland. -
The Declining Pictish Symbol - a Reappraisal the Late Gordon Murray
Proc SocAntiq Scot, (1986)6 11 , 223-253 The declining Pictish symbol - a reappraisal The late Gordon Murray SUMMARY The paper is mainly concerned with the three commonest Pictish symbols, the crescent, the double disc with Pictish the Z-rod and 'elephant' 'beast'.BStevensonR or K ideasDr The of and Dr I Henderson are outlined, namely that for each of these symbols a stylistic 'declining sequence' can be traced that corresponds approximately to a chronological sequence, enabling the probable place of origin of the symbol to be determined. The forms and distributions of the three symbols are examined in detail and it is argued that the finer examples of each are centred in different areas. For reasons which are stated, the classification of the crescent differs here from that made by Stevenson. The different decorative forms show significantly different distributions originthe but appears be to north. far most The the typicalin examples Z-rodthe of accompanying doublethe discfoundare predominantly in Aberdeenshire, where it is suggested that the symbol may have originated. Examples Pictishthe of beast hereare graded according extentthe to that their features correspond otherwiseor with lista whatof 'classical' the appear be to features form. distributionofthe The and general quality existingof examples suggest that originthe centre thisof symbol probablyis the in area Angusof easternand Perthshire. The paper also discusses arrangementthe symbolsthe of statements, in with some tentative remarks on the relative chronology of the mirror appearing alone as a qualifier. INTRODUCTION principle Th e declininth f eo g symbo thas i l t there existe prototypda r 'correcteo ' forr mfo at least some of the Pictish symbols, to which all surviving instances approximate in varying degrees, but from which later examples tend to depart more than earlier ones. -
Soldier Illness and Environment in the War of 1812
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library Spring 5-8-2020 "The Men Were Sick of the Place" : Soldier Illness and Environment in the War of 1812 Joseph R. Miller University of Maine, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Canadian History Commons, Military History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Miller, Joseph R., ""The Men Were Sick of the Place" : Soldier Illness and Environment in the War of 1812" (2020). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3208. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/3208 This Open-Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “THE MEN WERE SICK OF THE PLACE”: SOLDIER ILLNESS AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE WAR OF 1812 By Joseph R. Miller B.A. North Georgia University, 2003 M.A. University of Maine, 2012 A DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (in History) The Graduate School The University of Maine May 2020 Advisory Committee: Scott W. See, Professor Emeritus of History, Co-advisor Jacques Ferland, Associate Professor of History, Co-advisor Liam Riordan, Professor of History Kathryn Shively, Associate Professor of History, Virginia Commonwealth University James Campbell, Professor of Joint, Air War College, Brigadier General (ret) Michael Robbins, Associate Research Professor of Psychology Copyright 2020 Joseph R. -
V-Rod, Crescent Fantastic Beast / Creature
APPENDIX F PICTISH SYMBOL STONES - OBJECTS BY LOCATION These locations are derived from entries in The Pictish Symbol Stones of Scotland - RCAHMS 2008 Object Category / Item by Location (including RCAHMS Site Number): V-rod, Crescent V-Rod & crescent - Dyce NJ81 NE 8; Bourtie NJ82SW 4; Brandsbutt, Inverurie NJ72SE 23; Broomend of Crichie NJ71NE 8; Cairnton NJ81NE 79; Deer NJ94NE 5; Daviot NJ72NE 11; Fyvie NJ73NE 1; Inverurie NJ72SE 11 (stone 1); Kinellar NJ81SW 6; Kintore, Churchyard NJ1NE 33; Logie Elphinstone NJ72NW 7 (stone 1); Logie Elphinstone NJ72NW 7 (stone 2); Logie Elphinstone NJ72NW 7 (stone 3); Park House NO79NE 44.10; Rhynie Mains NJ42NE 36; Rhynie Old Church NJ42NE 30 (stone 2); Tillypronie NJ40NW 7; Tillytarmont NJ54NW 1 (stone 1); Tillytarmont NJ54NW 1 (stone 2); Turriff Manse NJ74NW 20; Aberlemno NO55NW 8 Roadside 2; Cossans NO45SW 4; Kinblethmont NO64NW 12; Monifieth NO43SE 25 (stone 2); Strathmartine Castle NO33NE 21; Edinburgh NT27SE 130; Abdie NO21NE 10; Advie NJ13SW 2; Ballintomb NJ02SW 36; Findlarig NH92NE 3; Inverallan NJ02NW 4; Lynchurn NH92SE 1; Crosskirk ND07SW 4; Latheron ND13SE 31; Skinnet Chapel, Halkirk ND16SW 2; Ulbster ND34SW 28.01; Watenan ND34SW 57; Balblair, Kilmorack NH54NW 155 (stone 2); Garbeg NH53SW 15; Invereen NH73SE 5; Glenferness NH94SW 10; Dalnavie Farm NH67SW 55; Dingwall NH55NW 7 ( x 3); Hilton of Cadboll NH87NE 7; Poolewe NG88SE 10; Rosemarkie NH75NW 7 (x 3); Tarbat NH98SW 15; Clach Ard, Tote, Skye NG44NW 1; Fiscavaig, Skye NG33SW 3; Raasay NG53NW 3; Tobar na Maor, Skye NG24NW 3; Clynekirkton -
Appendix 1: Theme 2.1 – the Coastal Ports of Sandwich and Stonar Dover District Heritage Strategy
Appendix 1: Theme 2.1 – The Coastal Ports of Sandwich and Stonar Dover District Heritage Strategy were once locations of considerable Theme 2.1 – significance. In the Middle Ages Sandwich was a major royal military assembly and supply port where troops, provisions and equipment The Coastal were marshalled before being sent to France. Both sites were also important commercial Ports of ports, having trading links along the Channel coast as well as with northern Europe and the Mediterranean. Sandwich was one of the Sandwich and original five Cinque Ports. 2.3 The development and decline of the Stonar ports of Sandwich and Stonar is intrinsically linked with their location on the Wantsum Summary Channel. The Wantsum was once a major 2.1 Sandwich and Stonar are both waterway in the south-east, separating the outstandingly important examples of medieval Isle of Thanet from the mainland of Kent. coastal ports. Both sites contain Some six thousand years ago a shingle bank archaeological remains of the highest quality, began to develop in the Wantsum Channel to including well-preserved waterlogged the north of modern-day Sandwich. Known as deposits. Whilst Stonar survives only as the Stonar Bank the shingle ridge continued buried archaeological remains, Sandwich is to develop in the Roman period and by the blessed with many fine medieval buildings later Roman period probably lay above sea flanking its winding historic streets. level. By the tenth century it is likely that the Stonar bank had formed into a substantial Introduction area of dry-land. At the same time a shingle spit started to progressively extend 2.2 The twin ports of Sandwich and Stonar northwards from Deal across the mouth of 1 Cover Sandwich Quay. -
The Date and Context of the Glamis, Angus, Carved Pictish Stones Lloyd Laing*
Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 131 (2001), 223–239 The date and context of the Glamis, Angus, carved Pictish stones Lloyd Laing* ABSTRACT The widely accepted eighth-century dating for the Pictish relief-decorated cross-slabs known as Glamis 2 and Glamis 1 is reviewed, and an alternative ninth-century date advanced for both monuments. It is suggested that the carving on front and back of Glamis 2 was contemporaneous, and that both monuments belong to the Aberlemno School. GLAMIS 2 DESCRIPTION The Glamis 2 stone (Allen & Anderson’s scheme, 1903, pt III, 3–4) stands in front of the manse at Glamis, Angus, and its measurements — 2.76 m by 1.5 m by 0.24 m — make it one of the larger Class II slabs. It is probably a re-used Bronze Age standing stone as there appear to be some cup- marks incised on the base of the cross face. Holes have been drilled in the relatively recent past at the base of the sides, presumably for support struts. Viewed from the front (cross) face the slab is pedimented, the ornament being partly incised, partly in relief (illus 1). The cross is in shallow relief, has double hollow armpits and a ring delimited by incised double lines except in the bottom right hand corner, where the ring is absent. It is decorated with interlace, with a central interlaced roundel on the crossing. The interlace on the cross-arms and immediately above the roundel is zoomorphic. At the top of the pediment is a pair of beast heads, now very weathered, with what may be a human head between them, in low relief. -
1812; the War, and Its Moral : a Canadian Chronicle
'^^ **7tv»* ^^ / ^^^^T^\/ %*^-'%p^ ^<>.*^7^\/ ^o^*- "o /Vi^/\ co^i^^.% Atii^/^-^^ /.' .*'% y A-^ ; .O*^ . <f,r*^.o^" X'^'^^V %--f.T*\o^^ V^^^^\<^ •^ 4.^ tri * -0 a5 «4q il1 »"^^ 11E ^ ^ THE WAR, AND ITS MORAL CANADIAN CHRONICLE. BY WILLIAM F?"C0FFIN, Esquire, FORMERLT SHERIFF OF THE DISTRICT OF MONTREAI,, LIEUT.-COLONKL, STAFF, ACIITB POROB, CANADA, AND H. M. AGENT FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THE ORDNANCE ESTATES, CANADA. PRINTED BY JOHN LOVELL, ST. NICHOLAS STREET. 1864. E354 C^y 2. Entered, according to the Act of the Provincial Parliament, in the year one thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, by William F. Coffin, in the OfBce of the Registrar of the Province of Canada. Ea t\}t J^igfjt pjonourable ^ir (SbmtmtJ SSalhtr f cab, iarond, ^er Pajtstg's Post '§ononmbk ^ribg Council, ^nU late ffiobernor ©cneral anli C0mmanKcr4tt=(H;fjicf of IBxitislj Nortfj America, ©Ws (jrattatlinw (!>Uv0uicU 0f the ^m of I8I2 is rcspcctftillp tirtitcatEU, fig fjis fattfjful anU grateful .Scrfaant, WILLIAM P. COFFIN. Ottawa, 2nd January, 1864, TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE SIR EDMUND WALKER HEAD, BARONET. My dear Sir,—^I venture to appeal to your respected name as the best introduction for the little work which I" do myself the honour to dedicate to you. To you, indeed, it owes its existence. You conferred upon me the appointment I have the honour to hold under the Crown in Canada, and that appointment has given life to an idea, long cherished in embryo. The management of the Ordnance Lands in this Province has thrown me upon the scenes of the most notable events of the late war. -
A Learning Resource for Teachers of Curriculum for Excellence Level 2
A learning resource for teachers of Curriculum for Excellence Level 2 A learning resource for teachers i Introduction The Picts are one of Scotland’s greatest mysteries: an apparently vanished nation, chronicled by others but not by themselves. The Picts speak to us only through their inspiring creativity – their marvellous carved stones, their monumental hillforts and their beautiful jewellery. This resource will aim to provide an introduction to a topic rich in imagination, creativity and enquiry. Through discovery, exploration and sharing, teachers can engage young people by inspiring curiosity and inviting them to investigate this hidden part of their history and the evidence it has left in our culture and environment. The resource will act as a portal to enable the discovery of local sites and resources, integrating them with national learning resources such as SCRAN. This resource aims to: • inspire and encourage practitioners to engage with this fascinating topic; • bring the early historic Picts alive through a series of classroom and place-based activities (particularly focused on the hillforts on Scotland’s National Forest Estate); • encourage teachers and pupils to explore their local museums, archaeological sites and historic monuments; and to • promote the active engagement of schools with the wealth of historic and archaeological learning resources available both online and in print. With the help and support of: iii The Picts Contents Page Introduction i How to use this resource 2 Curriculum for Excellence 3 Outdoor Learning 5 Introducing the Picts 8 Who were the Picts? 14 Finding the Picts 22 Creative Picts 34 Pagan Picts? 41 What have you discovered about the Picts? 51 Further Resources 52 A learning resource for teachers 1 How to use this resource Teachers and pupils can use this resource in a number of different ways.