Abstracts of Journals Received in the Library Jan-Mar 2011

Journals Abstracted

Miscellanea Mycologica – No 98, Nov 2010 Mycobiology – Vol 38(3) September 2010 Mykologicke Liste – No 113, 2010 Mykologicke Liste – No 114, 2010 Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde - Vol. 88, No. 3, 15 June 2010 Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde - Vol. 88, No 6, 15 December 2010

Mycological Research Information about recent issues (including free access to contents lists and abstracts of published papers) can be found on the Elsevier web site at www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres

Miscellanea Mycologica – No 98, Nov 2010 Abstractor – Anne Andrews Wuillbaut J-J (pp.4-48) Brief note introducing series of colour photos of found during the 2010 season showing, integra (also on p. 8), Lactarius salmonicolor (also on p.16), L. intermedius, Cortinarius elegantior, Tremiscus helvelloides, terreum, Inocybe corydalina, Russula firmula, Lactarius pallidus,Entoloma catalaunicum, Russula nana, Lactarius intermedius, Cudonia circinans, Ganoderma carnosum, Lentinellus cochleatus, Sarcodon imbricatus, Mutinus caninus, Lactarius pterosporus, Russula lepida, R. “artesiana” (also on p. 21),Tricholoma sejunctum, Amanita phalloides, Cantharellus amethysteus, Cortinarius violaceus, Lactarius evosmus, L.pyrogalus, Russula ochroflavescens, Lactarius fuliginosus, |Chlorociboria aeruginascens, Lycoperdon echinaceum, Amanita pantherina, Lyophyllum conglobatum, Inocybe cookei, Aureoboletus gentilis, Cortinarius subvirentophyllus, C. purpurascens, C. cf eucaeruleus, Tricholoma saponaceum, C. cynobasalis (also on p.32), Lactarius subumbonatus, Boletus cf pinophilus, Agrocybe rivulosa, Tricholoma ustaloides, Pseudohydnum gelatinosum, Ramaria stricta, Lactarius chrysorrheus, Cyathus striatus, Russula azurea, R. viscida var. chlorantha, R. viscida, R. cyanoxantha, var. peltereaui, R. persicina, Lycoperdon cf umbrinum, Amanita phalloides (also on p.43), Entoloma lividum, Lactarius zonarius, L. luridus, Tricholoma sejunctum, Micromphale foetidum, russula, Lactarius citriolens, Cortinarius cotoneus, C.balteatocumatilis, C. subturbinatus, C. rufoolivaceus, Xerula pudens.Some habitat photos are included.

Mycobiology – Vol 38(3) September 2010 Abstractor – Anne Andrews Barseghyan G S & Wasser S P (pp. 159-165) [English] Report of study of hypogeous fungi in Israel, previously poorly known. A brief review of taxonomic history, including results of molecular studies concludes that 3 families, Pyronemataceae, Pezizaceae and Tuberaceae are represented. Species recorded are Hydnocystis piligera, Terfezia arena, T, oligosperma, Termania africana, Tuber asa and T. nitidum. T. asa is new to Israel. Detailed descriptions of each species are given with information about habitat and distribution. Illustrated with a distribution map and b/w photos. (27 refs.)

Kang PD et al. (pp. 180-1830 [English] A study to find which silkworm variety was most suitable for synnemata production of Isaria tenuipes concluded that variety Hachojam gave the best results. Illustrated with b/w photos. (10 refs.)

Alam N, Amin R, Khair A & Lee T S (pp. 184-188) [English] A study to compare the influence of different types and levels of supplement on the commercial cultivation of Calocybe indica, the Milky White concluded that 30% maize powder gave the highest yield and biological efficiency. Illustrated with tables and graphs. (23 refs.)

Jo W-S et al (pp.195-202) [English] Report of study to establish the best culture conditions for mycelial growth of Coriolus versicolor which is widely used medicinally in Korea. Illustrated with tables and colour photos. (19 refs.)

Park H & Ka K-H (pp. 203-205) [English] Tricholoma matsutake is a popular edible mushroom in east Asia which is difficult to grow commercially because it is mycorrhizal with Pinus densiflora. A study was carried out to establish how far spores dispersed from the fruiting body. 95% if spores dropped within 1m. of the fruit body, nevertheless more than 50 million spores were dropped more than 5 m. away, the total number produced b y a fruiting body being estimated at 5 billion. (11 refs.)

Joshi Y, Koh Y J & Hur J S (pp.219-221) [English] Brief descriptions of three lichen species new to South Korea, Rhizocarpon alpicola, R. grande, and R. lavatum. A key to these species is included. Illustrated with b/w photos. (18 refs.)

Joshi Y, Koh Y J & Hur J S (pp. 222-224) [English] Description of 2 lichen species new to S Korea, Buellia nashiii and B. badia. A key to Buellia species in S Korea is included. Illustrated with b/w photos. (6 refs.)

Mykologicke Liste – No 113, 2010 Abstractor – Anne Andrews Cizec K, (pp. 1-8) [Czech] Continuation of a series on the Tomentelloid fungi of the |Czech Republic and Slovakia. A detailed description of the rare Tomentella ochraceo- olivacea is followed by a discussion of its taxonomic position. The author considers it a well defined species in subgenus Alytosporium, in Section Brunneolae and that it should be legally protected in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Illustrated with b/w drawings of microscopic features. (8 refs.)

Holec J & Kriz M (pp. 8-13) [Czech] Description of Entoloma zuccherellii, a small lignicolous fungus with violet-blue and almost globose spores, which was first found in 2007 and again in 2010. The second record is described here and a discussion of its variability, ecology and follows. Illustrated with b/w drawings of microscopic features and a colour photo on the front cover. (8 refs.)

Pouzar Z & Kotlaba F (pp.14-19) [Czech] Account of two species of Dendrothele from specimens in Herbarium PRM. D. acerina is very common in Bohemia occurring mostly on Acer campestre but also on a variety of other broad-leaved trees. D. commixta is much rarer in Bohemia and is found only on . Illustrated with a colour photo of D. commixta on the back cover.(5 refs.)

Kotlaba F, Pouzar Z & Kout J (pp. 20-22) [Czech] Account of Daedaleopsis tricolor which is a rare species in the Czech Republic though it is much commoner in some neighbouring countries. Illustrated with a colour photo on the back cover. (9 refs.)

Pesicova K (pp.23-27) [Czech] This article summarises the current information on endophytic fungi on temperate zone fruit trees. (22 refs.)

Chlebicka M (pp. 27-30) [Czech] Article on Dr M Svrcek on the occasion of his 85th birthday.

Mykologicke Liste – No 114, 2010 Abstractor – Anne Andrews

Bizek K (pp. 1-9) [Czech] This continuation of a series on the Tomentelloid fungi of the |Czech Republic and Slovakia treats Pseudotomentella flavovirens, The author found chlamydospores in this species for the first time although they had previously been observed in other Pseudotomentella and Tomentella species. These spores are described and the conditions which give rise to them are discussed. Other lesser known characters of the species are described and it is suggested that chlamydospores may in time be found in other Tomentelloid species. Illustrated with b/w drawings. (15 refs.)

Antonin V & Kominkova S (pp. 9-14) [Czech] Account of five new collections from the Czech Republic of Mycena adscendens which has not hitherto been mentioned in Czech literature. Ways in which the caulocystidia observed differ from descriptions in the literature are discussed, along with the possible distribution of the species in the Czech Republic. It is suggested that it is probably overlooked rather than rare. Illustrated with colour photos of f/b (on front and back covers) and b/w drawings of microscopic characters. (15 refs.)

Adamcikova K, Juhasova G, Kobza M & Ondruskova E (pp.23-24) Report of a study to record the occurrence of Cryphonectria parasitica, the causal agent of Chestnut blight disease, on trees other than Castanea sp. Seven chestnut/oak forests were investigated and C. parasitica was found in four of them on Quercus robur and Q. petraea as well as on Castanea. The fungus appeared to be identical on oak and chestnut though cankers developed more slowly on oak.

Various authors (pp.24-64) [Czech/English] Abstracts of papers presented to a micromycology workshop held in 2010, mainly concerning agricultural or forestry pathogens.

Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde Vol. 88, No. 3, 15 June 2010 In German (some articles in French & Italian) Abstractor – Ray Tantram

Rofler U; Ardüser H. (p. 90-91, 92) [also in French p. 92-93, 90] Fungus of the month (5) is Haasiella splendidissimum, a first collection for Switzerland in 1995. This species has 4-spored basidia and no clamp connections so differs from H. venustissima with its 2- spored basidia and clamps. The collection is described together with its location at the side of a new road, and close to woodland. Difficulties in identification were resolved by Moser (1983), which describes the two species in this genus. A colour plate shows this bright orange species, with decurrent gills, and line drawings illustrate the fruitbody and micro features. A bibliography is included.

Mordasini E. [Original in Italian p. 93-94, 95] (In German p. 95-96, 94) Fungus of the month (6) is Melogramma spiniferum, a small Ascomycete on , found for the first time in a Nature Reserve at Onsernonetal. The fungus was examined from an exsiccate of a collection from dry, undecayed Beech bark on a fallen trunk. The fungus is described. Its fruitbodies grow beneath the bark, and the stroma forms an uneven cushion. There are eight allantoid spores in the ascus. This species is closely related to Diatrypella quercina and Eutypella scoparia. Only two species in the genus Melogramma have been found in Switzerland. Reasons for this identification are discussed. Two colour plates show the fruitbody, and photomicrographs the ascus and a spore. Lit refs are included.

Flammer R. (p. 97-99) [also in French p/ 100-101, 98-99] Periscope 28 discusses histoplasmosis, a fungal infection carried by bats, mice, rats, dogs, pigeons, poultry and man. Here a dimorphic fungus changes in the body from an ascomycete to a yeast, and conidial mycelia persist in the soil and excreta of e.g. bat caves, where dust containing conidia can be inhaled into the lungs. Often little damage is caused, but a whole-body invasion carries a serious prognosis. Such was the case with researchers at a bat cave in South America in 2008. (2 lit. refs.) The Proxima syndrome for poisoning by Amanita proxima, a Mediterranean species with an orange to red-brown volva, is described. Because of its long latency it is safer to proceed with A. phalloides treatments until results from an ELISA test can exclude this. (2 lit. refs) Nonsuch Park, once the site of a grand Tudor palace, made headlines in the Epsom Guardian on 1st. April 2010, following the discovery of a White Truffle (Tuber magnatum?) by Rigolade, a King Charles spaniel on a walk with its owner, Avril Le Peche…A colour plate shows Nonsuch Palace. Gymnopus fusipes, regarded as an edible fungus, appeared to cause serious gastro- intestinal poisoning symptoms in two people following a 5 and 7 hour latency. They remained in intensive care for three days. (4 lit.refs)

Schenk-Jäger K. (p. 102-104) The fungus year 2009 is assessed according to records in the Swiss Toxicology Centre. The year was overshadowed by a fatality from an unknown amanitoxin-containing fungus. A total of 453 requests for information were received, concerning possible poisoning in 373 people and animals. A table shows the 20 species involved in actual poisoning cases, and the severity of symptoms. Co-operative efforts between fungus inspectors, other experts, doctors and specialist information from VAPKO, helped expedite diagnosis and treatments.

Ayer F. (p. 105) ONLY IN FRENCH The WSL Forestry organisation created the ‘de la Chanéaz’ Mycological Reserve in 2008. This 4 hectare site has a 2 km long interpretation trail which demonstrates the interactions between the forest habitats and their fungi. Several events are organised in the autumn fungus season.

Buser P. (p. 106-107) A collection of the poisonous Macrolepiota venenata is described and compared to similar species (M. rachodes and M. rachodes var. bohemica*). The author is unhappy about the transfer of the rachodes-group into the genus Chlorophyllum as no trace of green is obvious in spores and gills. A table features a comparison of macroscopic features between the three species. Fungus inspectors believe it is difficult to distinguish M. venenata conclusively from M. rachodes var. bohemica, and so none of the three ‘parasols’ with reddening flesh and brown shaggy scales, should be passed as edible. A colour plate shows M. venenata.(3 refs.). * M. rachodes var. bohemica is the name used here for Macrolepiota rachodes var. hortensis Note: [I have retained the nomenclature used in the article]

Carbone M. (p. 108-110) ONLY IN ITALIAN, so a very brief ‘semi-abstract’. The author believes that the picture and description of Otidea cochleata in B & K refers to Otidea propinquinata. A further range of synonyms have been applied to this taxon. The original diagnosis and an examination of micro features are presented, and reasons for rejecting the entry in B & K (vol. 1, plate 61) detailed. A colour plate shows O. propinquinata in situ and line drawings the micro features. [Lit. refs. already given in SZP 2/2010]

Tobler U; Schmitt B; Geiger C. (p. 112-117) [ALSO IN FRENCH p. 117-120, 112-113] A new fungal disease, Chytridiomycosis, threatens amphibians worldwide, and has already led to the extinction of some species. It was first discovered in Australia and Central America in 1998. Research into its origins and genetics have been carried out. Morphology, physiology and spread are described. Infection by a few zoospores spreads over the skin, and death follows in a matter of days or weeks. Some species are able to stop skin spread, by a currently unknown mechanism. Many countries were too slow to stop the introduction of this disease, so can only attempt to control its spread. Habitat losses in the last 25 years also affect amphibian populations. Work at Zurich University is aimed towards mitigating losses by developing disinfection procedures. Colour plates show dead and healthy Midwife Toads, and a photomicrograph zoosporangia of Batrachochytrium . (21 refs.)

Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde - Vol. 88, No 6, 15 December 2010 In German (some articles in French & Italian) Abstractor – Ray Tantram

Aeberhard H. (p. 222-223) [also in French p. 224, 222-223] Fungus of the month (11) is Lamprospora maireana, a very rare parasite of mosses. This genus is characterised by having highly ornamented round spores. The small (1-2mm diameter) orange ascomycete was found at the edge of a mountain path in August 2009. The chambered ‘tubercules’ on the spores are very specific to this species and differ from the similar L. tuberculata. This collection was sent to Dr. D Benkhert for his comments, in which he confirmed the diagnosis. Colour plates show the fruitbodies growing on moss, and a photomicrograph an ascus with spores. 1 lit ref. is included.

Wilhelm M; Senn-Irlet B. (p 225-226, 228) [also in French p.227-228, 225] A fungus that does not fit into any genus was the top-find during a study week in Tällenmoos, autumn 2009. It has been named provisionally as Psilocybe subfusispora, and was found growing on bare peat near Heather and dwarf Willow. A total of 12 individually quite separated fruitbodies were found. The 5-10mm hemispherical finely-felty pale ochre fuitbodies are described. These small fungi have a long history of incorrect identification, appearing variously as a Flammulaster, Galerina , Hypholoma, Phaeogalera, Stropharia and others. Discussion has not yet finalised this matter. A colour plate shows it in situ. 7 lit. refs. are included.

Riva A. (p. 230-233) ONLY IN ITALIAN (so brief résumé only) Gyromitra litiniana is proposed as a ‘sp. nov’ to describe a spring ascomycete growing in deciduous woodland and with Anemone nemorosa. It is superficially similar to Gyromitra gigas, which grows with . An original Latin description presents the proposed taxon, accompanied by a conventional description of the collection of March 2010. A colour plate shows it in situ, water colour illustrations show the fruitbody, including in section, and line drawings show and compare spores and asci of Gyromitra litiniana and G. gigas. 8 lit. refs. are included.

Keller J. (p. 234-237) ONLY IN FRENCH Part 2 of the series on edible fungi from prehistory to the present continues into the Renaissance, where conventional cuisine was augmented by foods imported from the New World, and information made more freely available by the discovery of printing. Sugar at last became accessible to all. Fungi were largely ignored by the rich, partly due to their bad reputation (Ambrose Paré considered them ‘serial killers’). Rural communities used them as an important food source. In Seville, a reputation as an aphrodisiac, resulted in a ban of their sale near Mosques. Some Renaissance recipes are included for ‘Champignons’, Morels and Truffles. Four colour plates show paintings of fifteen and sixteenth century banquets, and a monochrome picture a contemporaneous kitchen.

Flammer R. (p. 239-241) [also in French p. 242-2] Periscope 30 reviews published information on fungal toxicology. Molecular biologists have developed a ‘gene sensor’ for the rapid determination of poisonous fungi. DNA can be multiplied by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), marked with a fluorescent dyestuff and quantified, as fluorescence increases quantitatively. Results are available within 30 minutes, so the method is suitable for determining fungi in food residues, stomach content and faeces. The method is suitable for Amanita phalloides, Lepiota cristata, L. brunneoincarnata, and Inocybe asterospora. Real-time determination offers advantages over other methods used.(1 ref.)

Can the spores of amatoxin-containing fungi contaminate edible species, either in a collection basket or by growing in proximity to one another? An investigation showed that Amanita phalloides spores contained no known toxins, but some possible pre-cursors of unknown toxicity. Another investigation of A. bisporigera, which grows in the eastern USA, found that only a very small fraction of cap concentrations were present in the spores. Contamination of edible fungi by such spores are of no practical significance. (2 refs.)

Careless journalism, rather than a ‘Trogia’ - ‘a little white mushroom’, is to blame for a scare story concerning sudden cardiac arrest deaths in China last summer. Valuable commercial fungi are collected annually for sale on the Yunnan Plateau, and other species are eaten. The water on the plateau has a greatly increased Barium content, and increased Barium levels were found in victims and relatives blood, urine and hair. Barium initiates heart arrhythmias, and is a likelier culprit. (2 refs.)

In spring 2010 ‘Kalahari Truffles’ from Morocco were offered at Feldkirch market at a reasonable price. The Kalhari desert is in Namibia, far away from Morocco. Spore analysis showed the typical round spores of Tuber oligospermum , a typical Moroccan export, and not those of Kalaharituber pfeilli. A picture shows a fraudulently labelled package, and two photomicrographs spores of both species.

[The author stands by his conclusion (SZP 3/2010) on the edibility of Gymnopus fusipies. Any species that requires considerable pre-treatment to render it fit for the table, should not be regarded as edible.]

Flammer R. (p. 244-245) [also in French p. 246-247] Stumbling blocks and pitfalls (2) discusses the bewildering cap colour mixes in green- olive-yellow-grey species. Colour and shape are important criteria, also simple physical properties distinguish, for example, the Death Cap from . A table seeks to minimise uncertainties in some fungi in this cap colour range. It compares frequency, taste, smell, tissue-type, gills, and quotes edibility for seven species in the genus Russula, and three Tricholomas, these latter three are all poisonous. Many species change colour during maturation, so no small field guide can show all possibilities. Fungi collected for the table should be subjected to inspection. A colour plate shows the great range of shades shown by Russula cyanoxantha .

[ a note on article 1. Amanita citrina smells of potato tubers, but never of rotting potato]