Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 47: 27–36 (2010)

Checklist of the species of the genus (, ) in Estonia

Kuulo Kalamees Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St. 51005, Tartu, Estonia. Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 181 Riia St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: 42 species of genus Tricholoma (Agaricales, Agaricomycetes) have been recorded in Estonia. A checklist of these species with ecological, phenological and distribution data is presented. Kokkukvõte: Perekonna Tricholoma (Agaricales, Agaricomycetes) liigid Eestis Esitatakse kriitiline nimestik koos ökoloogiliste, fenoloogiliste ja levikuliste andmetega heiniku perekonna (Tricholoma) 42 liigi (Agaricales, Agaricomycetes) kohta Eestis.

INTRODUCTION The present checklist contains 42 Tricholoma This checklist also provides data on the ecol- species recorded in Estonia. All the species in- ogy, phenology and occurrence of the species cluded (except T. gausapatum) correspond to the in Estonia (see also Kalamees, 1980a, 1980b, species conceptions established by Christensen 1982, 2000, 2001b, Kalamees & Liiv, 2005, and Heilmann-Clausen (2008) and have been 2008). The following data are presented on each proved by relevant exsiccates in the mycothecas taxon: (1) the Latin name with a reference to the TAAM of the Institute of Agricultural and Envi- initial source; (2) most important synonyms; (3) ronmental Sciences of the Estonian University reference to most important and representative of Life Sciences or TU of the Natural History pictures (iconography) in the mycological litera- Museum of the Tartu University. In this paper ture used in identifying Estonian species; (4) T. gausapatum is understand in accordance with data on the ecology, phenology and distribution; Huijsman, 1968 and Bon, 1991. The following (5) references to mycothecas specimens available taxa recorded in earlier mycological literature in Estonia, using the internationally accepted of Estonia (cf Kalamees, U.,1962; Urbonas et abbreviations of the fungal collections TAAM or al, 1986; Kalamees, 1978, 2000; Järva & Par- TU; (6) comments. masto, 1980; Järva, Parmasto & Vaasma, 1998), The checklist principally follows the Index Tricholoma acerbum (Bull.: Fr.) Vent. 1872, T. Fungorum (1 June 2010). In the characteriza- robustum (Alb. & Schwein.: Fr.) Ricken 1915, T. tion of fungal habitats, the publication of Paal bufonium (Pers.: Fr.) Gillet 1874, T. sejunctum (1997) is used. The frequency of the occurrence (Sowerby: Fr.) Quél. 1872, T. ustale (Fr.: Fr.) P. of taxa is estimated according to a 6-point scale: Kumm. 1871, T. caligatum (Viv.) Ricken 1915, very rare – 1–2 localities, rare – 3–5 localities, T. coryphaeum (Fr.) Gillet 1874, T. elytroides rather rare – 6–10 localities, rather frequent – (Scop.) Fr. 1887 (=Porpoloma elytroides (Scop.) 11–20 localities, frequent – 21–50 localities, very Singer 1973), T. guttatum (Schaeff.) Sacc. 1887, frequent – 51 and more localities. T. inodermeum (Fr.) Gillet 1874, T. orirubens Quél. 1873, T. pardinum Quél. 1873, T. sciodes Abbreviations of iconography are following: (Pers.) C. Martin 1919, T. subsejunctum Peck BK - Breitenbach & Kränzlin, 1991 1912, T. tridentinum Singer 1943, are omitted Bres27 –Bresadola, 1927 in the checklist as no reliable specimens of the Bres28 – Bresadola, 1928 taxa supporting their presence in Estonia are Chr&Noordel - Christensen & Noordeloos, 1999 found in our mycothecas. CD – Courtecuisse & Duhem, 2000 CettoEnz – Cetto, 1987 28 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

D – Dähncke, 2001-2004 Tricholoma alboconicum (J.E. Lange) Clémençon, Galli – Galli, 1999 Mycol. helv. 1 (1): 26. 1983 Korh&Kytöv, Korhonen & Kytövuori, 1998 T. myomyces var. alboconicum J.E. Lange, Fl. KL – Kalamees & Liiv,2005, 2008 . Danic. 1: 55. 1935. KM – Konrad & Maublanc, 1927 Icon.: Chr.&Noordel. p.331, as T. argyraceum Kriegl – Krieglsteiner, 2001 var. inocybeoides; Lge 23B, as T. myomyces var. Kytöv – Kytövuori, 1988 alboconicum. Lge – Lange, 1935 Ecol. & Distr.: In deciduous and mixed forests, March – Marchand, 1986 typically in disturbed habitats, roadsides, parks, Nyl – Nylén, 2001 gardens, grassy forest edges and groves, under Phil – Phillips, 1988 deciduous and coniferous trees, May to Novem- RH – Ryman & Holmåsen, 1984 ber, very frequent, at places abundantly, one of Riva88 – Riva, 1988 the most common in Estonia. Riva03 – Riva, 2003 Voucher specimens studied: TAAM075931, SNS - Salo, Niemelä & Salo, 2006 121538, 121571, 123591,197366.

Tricholoma album (Schaeff.: Fr.) P. Kumm., Führ. LIST OF SPECIES Pilzk. (Zwickau): 131. 1871 Agaricus albus Schaeff., Fung. Bavar. Palat 4: TRICHOLOMA (Fr.) Staude, Schwämme Mit- 68. 1774; A. albus Schaeff.: Fr., Syst. mycol. teldeutschl.: XXVIII, 125. 1857. (Lundae) 1: 53. 1821; T. album f. gracilis Bres., Tricholoma aestuans (Fr.: Fr.) Gillet, Iconogr. Mycol. 3, tab. 108, 1928; T. album var. Les Hyménomycètes ou description de tous les thalliophilum Bon, Bull. trimest. Soc. mycol. champignons (fungi) qui croissent en France Fr. 85 (4): 486. 1970 [1969]; T. lascivum ss. (Alençon): 102. 1874 auct. p.p. Agaricus aestuans Fr.: Fr., Syst. mycol. (Lundae) Icon.: Bres28, 108, as T. album f. gracilis; 1: 47. 1821. Chr.&Noordel. p.323; March 840, as resplen- Icon.: CD 390; D p.241; Galli p.137; Korh&Kytöv dens, 841, 843, as T. album var. thalliophilum. 3; KL 187; Kriegl p.558; Riva03, 40; SNS p.136. Ecol. & Distr.: In and oak-mixed forests, Ecol. & Distr.: In Vaccinium vitis-idaea and V. under Quercus robur, in North and West Estonia myrtillus oligo-mesotrophic boreal and and Saaremaa and Muhu Islands, August to -pine forest site types, under Pinus syl- October, rather frequent. vestris and , August and September, Voucher specimens studied: TAAM143551, rather frequent. 177374, 197347; TU106372. Voucher specimens studied: TAAM121669, Comments: real distribution poorly known be- 144795, 182873. cause of the former taxonomic confusion with T. lascivum. Tricholoma albobrunneum (Pers.: Fr.) P.Kumm., Führ. Pilzk. (Zwickau): 130. 1871 Tricholoma apium Jul. Schäff., Z. Pilzk. 4: 65. Agaricus albobrunneus Pers., Syn. meth. fung. 1925 (Göttingen) 2: 293. 1801; A. albobrunneus Pers.: T. helviodor Pilát et Svrček, Stud. Bot. Čechoslav. Fr., Syst. Mycol. (Lundae) 1: 37. 1821; T. stria- 7: 2. 1946. tum ss. auct. mult.; T. stans ss. auct . p.p. Icon.: D p.250; Galli pp.188–189; Kriegl p.570, Icon.: BK 434, as T. stans; KL 182; Lge 16A, as as T. luteovirens; March 879; Nyl p.244; RH T. striatum; Nyl p.237; RH p.284. p.290; Riva88, 52; Riva03, 62. Ecol. & Distr.: In coniferous forests, especially Ecol. & Distr.: In sandy and calcareous pine and oligotrophic boreal heath, oligo-mesotrophic bo- pine-mixed forests, especially in Arctostaphylos real and coastal dune pine forests, under conif- alvar, Vaccinium myrtillus oligo-mesotrophic erous trees, August to November, very frequent. boreal and Cladina oligotrophic boreal heath Voucher specimens studied: TAAM146713, forests, under , mainly in North 123374, 124540; TU106242. Estland and Saaremaa Island, also in Liiva-Putla Woodland Key Habitat in Saaremaa, August and September, rather rare. 29

Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 171993, Comments: According to Estonian mycological 185677, 189600. literature, all the finds from coniferous forests Comments: T. apium is protected by law (cat- published under the name T. sejunctum belong egory II) and belongs to the Estonian Red List to the species T. arvernense. The species T. se- of threatened species (EN) (cf Järva et al., 1999; junctum, growing under deciduous trees, has not I ja II kaitsekategooriana ….., 2004; Estonian been recorded in Estonia until the present day. Red List…, 2009). Tricholoma atrosquamosum (Chevall.) Sacc., Syll. (Bull.) Gillet, Les Hymé- fung. (Abellini) 5: 104. 1887 Agaricus atros- nomycètes ou description de tous les champi- quamosus Chevall., Strauch- und Laubflechten gnons (fungi) qui croissent en France (Alençon): Mitteleur. 1: 45. 1837; T. nigromarginatum Bres., 103. 1874 Stud. Trent. 7 (1): 52. 1926. Agaricus argyraceus Bull., Herb. Fr.: tab. 423. Icon.: D p. 264; Galli p.133 (top); March 851; 1779; T. argyraceum f. inocybeoides (A. Pearson) RH p.294. Mort. Chr. & Noordel., Persoonia 17 (2): 309. Ecol. & Distr.: In pine forests, under Pinus 1999; T. inocybeoides A. Pearson, Trans. Br. sylvestris, October, very rare; only one locality: mycol. Soc. 22 (1-2): 29. 1938; T. myomyces var. Saare Co., Muhu Island, Koguva, in young pine argyraceum (Bull.) J.E. Lange, Dansk bot. Ark. forest, 13 Oct 1983, K. Kalamees & M. Vaasma. 8 (3): 22. 1933; T. scalpturatum var. argyraceum Voucher specimens studied: TAAM123389. (Bull.) Kühner & Romagn., Fl. Analyt. Champ. Tricholoma aurantium (Schaeff.: Fr.) Ricken, Die Supér. (Paris): 154. 1953; Blätterpilze: 332. 1915 T. terreum var. argyraceum (Bull.) P. Kumm., Agaricus aurantia Schaeff., Fung. Bavar. Palat. Führ. Pilzk. (Zwickau): 134. 1871. 4: 68. 1774; A. aurantius Schaeff.: Fr., Syst. Icon.: D p.266, as T. inocybeoides; Galli p.120, Mycol. 1: 39. 1821. as T. inocybeoides; Riva88, 27, as T. inocy- Icon.: BK 412; CD 414; D p.228; Galli p.215; KL beoides; Riva03, 30, as T. inocybeoides. 184; KM 242; Kriegl p.526; Lge 18D; Nyl p.235; Ecol. & Distr.: In herb-rich coniferous, decidu- RH p.286; Riva88, 66; Riva03, 78; March 900. ous and mixed forests and groves and bushes, Ecol. & Distr.: In spruce and spruce-mixed in paludifying deciduous brushwood, typically forests, wooded meadows and alvar juniper in disturbed habitats: gravel pits, pasture wood- shrublands, especially in eutrophic alvar and lands, parks, on roadsides and forest edges, Corylus boreo-nemoral hillock forest site types, mainly under Betula spp., spp., Larix under Picea abies, calciphilous, rather frequent spp., Pinus sylvestris, July to October, rare; in in North and West Estonia, in spots abundant, Estonia, only 5 localities (Muhu, Vormsi and rare in East Estonia, August to October. Osmussaar Islands, Karula National Park in Voucher specimens studied: TAAM074706, Valga Co.). 142258, 141096a Voucher specimens studied: TAAM123401, 123575, 123588, 143384, 145784. Tricholoma batschii Gulden ex Mort. Christ. & Noordel., Persoonia 17 (2): 315. 1999 Tricholoma arvernense Bon, Docums Mycol. 6 T. batschii Gulden, Musseronflora: 60. 1969 (nos 22-23): 168. 1976 (inval.); T. subannulatum (Batsch) Bres., Iconogr. T. sejunctoides P.D. Orton, Notes R. bot. Gdn Ed- Mycol. 2: pl. 63. 1927; T. albobrunneum ss. auct. inb. 44 (3): 495. 1987; T. sejunctum ss. auct. p.p. p.p.; T. fracticum ss. auct. pl. Icon.: BK 410; Galli p.145; KL 185; Korh&Kytöv Icon.: BK 419, as T. fracticum; Bres27, 63, as 6; March 865; RH 289, as T. sejunctum; Riva88, T. subannulatum; CD 412, as T. fracticum; Galli 40; Riva03, 56. pp.218–219, as T. fracticum; Kriegl p. 531, as Ecol. & Distr.: In oligotrophic boreal heath, oligo- T. fracticum; March 890, as T. fracticum; Nyl. mesotrophic boreal, oligotrophic Polytrichum p.235, as T. fracticum; RH p.282; Riva03, 79; paludifying and eutrophic alvar coniferous and SNS p.138. mixed forests, under Pinus sylvestris and Picea Ecol. & Distr.: In alvar coniferous forests and abies, September and October, rather frequent. juniper shrublands, West Estonian islands Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 142004, (Saaremaa, Hiiumaa, Vormsi, Muhu), only one 143460, 172951, 176051. locality in North Estonia (Harju Co., Nissi, Ri- 30 Folia Cryptog. Estonica isipere, 1975-1878, G. Shchukin), under Pinus wooded meadows, especially under Quercus sylvestris, calciphilous, August to October, robur, August to October, rare. rather rare. Voucher specimens studied: TAAM095615, Voucher specimens studied: TAAM076363, 121196, 142045. 123173, 182376, 182535. Tricholoma dulciolens Kytöv., Karstenia 28 (2): Tricholoma cingulatum (Almfelt) Jacobashch, 73. 1989 [1988] Verh. bot. Ver. Prov. Brandenb. 33: 55. 1890 Icon.: Kytöv p.75. Agaricus cingulatus Almfelt in Fr., Linnaea 5: Ecol. & Distr.: In alvar spruce and pine-spruce 507. 1830; T. ramentaceum ss. auct. Icon.: BK forests, under Picea abies, calciphilous, Sep- 416; CettoEnz p.294; D p.262; Kriegl p. 547; tember, very rare; only one locality in Estonia: Lge 23C; Phil p. 107e; RH p.295; March 854; Lääne Co., Vormsi Island, Fällarna, 2 Sep 1986, Nyl p.252. H. Tankler (det. I. Kytövuori). Ecol. & Distr.: In humid places of forests and Voucher specimens studied: TAAM143440. brushwoods, especially in eutrophic boreo- (L.: Fr.) P. Kumm., Führ. nemoral and drained peatland sites, under Salix Pilzk. (Zwickau): 130. 1871 spp., September and October, rather rare. Agaricus equestre L., Sp. Plantarum 2: 1173. Voucher specimens studied: TAAM142137, 1753; A. equestre L.: Fr., Elenchus: 6. 1828; 143420, 145583, 146147. T. equestre var. equestre; T. flavovirens (Pers.: Tricholoma colossus (Fr.) Quél., Mém. Soc. Fr.) S. Lundell in Lundell & Nannfeldt, Fungi Émul. Montbéliard, Sér. 2 (5): 76. 1872 Exsiccati Suecici 23-24: no. 1102. 1942; T. Agaricus colossus Fr., Epicr. syst. mycol. (Up- auratum (Paulet) Gillet, Les Hyménomycètes ou saliae): 38. 1838; Armillaria colossus (Fr.) Boud., description de tous les champignons (fungi) qui Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 16: 18. 1900; Megatricholo- croissent en France (Alençon): 92. 1874. ma colossus (Fr.) G. Kost, Sydowia 37: 54. 1984. Icon.: BK 418; CD 379, as T. auratum; Galli pp. Icon.: CD 413; D p.227; Galli p.217; March 894; 165, as T. equestre & T. auratum, 166; KL 186; Riva88, 67; Riva03, 82. Korh&Kytöv 1, as T. flavovirenss.lat., T. equestre Ecol. & Distr.: In oligotrophic boreal heath and s.lat., T. auratum; Riva88 45, 45b; Phil p.105f; oligo-mesotrophic boreal pine forests, under Pi- Riva03, 49; SNS 139. nus sylvestris, August and September, very rare; Ecol. & Distr.: In sandy pine and pine-mixed only two localities in North Estonia, Lahemaa forests, especially in oligotrophic boreal heath National park: Harju Co., Kolga, Tagavälja, in and oligo-mesotrophic boreal forests, in coastal oligo-mesotrophic Vaccinium vitis-idaea boreal dune pine forests, under Pinus sylvestris, Sep- pine forest, 4 Sept 1959, U. Kalamees; Lääne- tember to November, mainly late in autumn, by Viru Co., Oandu, in oligotrophic Cladina boreal first frosts, very frequent. heath pine forest, 24 Aug 2009, K. Kalamees. Voucher specimens studied: TAAM146118, Voucher specimens studied: TAAM051122, 144775, 144922. 197212. Comments: The taxonomic problems of T. eques- Comments: T. colossus is protected by law tre and closely related species, T. ulvinenii and T. (category III) and belongs to the Estonian Red frondosae are discussed in Kalamees (2001a). List of threatened Species (CE) (cf Järva et al., Tricholoma focale (Fr.) Ricken, Die Blätterpilze: 1999; III kaitsekategooria ….., 2004; Estonian 332. 1915 Red List…, 2009). Agaricus focalis Fr., Epicr. syst. mycol. (Up- Tricholoma columbetta (Fr.: Fr.) P. Kumm., Führ. saliae): 20. 1838; T. focale var. focale; T. focale Pilzk. (Zwickau): 131. 1871 var. caussetta (Barla) Bon, Docums Mycol. 6 ( Agaricus columbetta Fr.: Fr., Syst. mycol. (Lun- nos 22–23): 273.1976; T. robustum ss. auct. p.p. dae) 1: 44. 1821. Icon.: CD 415; CettoEnz p.219; D p.226; KL 188; Icon.: BK 417; CettoEnz p.275; CD 384; D March 896, as T. focale var. focale; 897, as T. p.254; Galli p.153; KL 201; KM 240; Lge 22B; focale var. caussetta. Phil p.112c; RH p.292; Riva03, 43; SNS p.139. Ecol. & Distr.: In sandy pine and pine-mixed Ecol. & Distr.: In deciduous and mixed forests, forests, especially in oligotrophic boreal heath and oligo-mesotrophic boreal forests, in wood- 31 ed oligotrophic boreal heath grasslands and fig. 2. 1792; A. fulvus Bull.: Fr., Syst. mycol. wooded coastal dunes, under Pinus sylvestris, (Lundae) 1: 37. 1821; T. flavobrunneum (Fr.) September and October, rather frequent. P. Kumm.,Führ. Pilzk. (Zwickau): 130. 1871; Voucher specimens studied: TAAM141867, T. pseudonictitans Bon, Docums Mycol. 13 143711, 146326. (no. 52): 16. 1938; T. nictitans (Fr.) Gillet, Les Hyménomycètes ou description de tous les Tricholoma frondosae Kalamees et Shchukin, champignons (fungi) qui croissent en France Folia Cryptog. Estonica 38: 14. 2001 (Alençon): 93. 1874. T. equestre ss. auct. pl. p.p.; T. auratum ss. auct. Icon.: BK 420; CettoEnz: p.230, as T. flavobrun- pl. p.p.; T. equestre var. populinum Mort. Chr. & neum; CD 406, as T. flavobrunneum; KL 183; Noordel., Persoonia 17 (2): 311. 1999; T. flavovi- Kriegl p. 532, 533, as T. fulvum var. pseudon- rens ss. auct. pl. p.p. non ss. Bon; T. frondosum ictitans; March 889; Phil p.110c-d; RH p.285; nom. prov. Kalamees & Shchukin, ined. Riva88, 56, as T. flavobrunneum; Riva03, 68. Icon.: Chr.&Noordel.p.331, as T. equestre var. Ecol. & Distr.: In and birch-mixed forests, populinum; Galli p.167 (top), as T. equestre; under Betula pendula und B. pubescsens, Au- Korh&Kytöv, Sienilehti 50 (1), cover picture, as gust to November, very frequent. T. flavovirenss.lat., T. equestre s.lat., T. frondo- Voucher specimens studied: TAAM071747, sum; Riva88, 45c, as T. equestre; Riva03, 51, as 072424, 073273. T. equestre var. populinum. Ecol. & Distr.: In deciduous and mixed forests, Tricholoma gausapatum (Fr.: Fr.) Quél., Mém. especially eutrophic Hepatica and Aegopodium Soc. Émul. Montbéliard, Sér. 2, 5: 211. 1872 boreo-nemoral and mesotrophic Oxalis boreal Agaricus gausapatus Fr.: Fr., Syst. mycol. (Lun- site types, eutrophic alvar, oligotrophic paludi- dae) 1: 43. 1821; T. terreum ss. auct. pl. p.p.; T. fying and drained peatland forests, on rich and myomyces ss. auct. plur. p.p. calcareous humid to wet soils, mainly under Icon.: Galli p.112-113; Riva88, 17; Riva03, 18. Populus tremula, August to October, frequent. Ecol. & Distr.: In pine coniferous and pine mixed Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 124177 forests, especially in herb rich forests, roadsides, (holotypus),043278, 146316, 146369a. sparse herb-rich pine groves, wooded heaths, Comments: The taxonomic problems of T. eques- alvar forests, under Pinus sylvestris, August tre and closely related species, T. ulvinenii and to November, mainly late in autumn, rather T. frondosae are discussed in Kalamees (2001a). frequent. Voucher specimens studied: TAAM144112, Tricholoma fucatum (Fr.: Fr.) P. Kumm., Führ. 146148, 197129. Pilzk. (Zwickau): 130. 1871 Comments: According to the material collected Agaricus fucatus Fr.: Fr., Syst. mycol. (Lundae) from Estonia, the species differs from the closely 1: 40.1821. related species, T. terreum, by the greyish-brown Icon.: Galli p.173 (top), 173, as T. fucatum var. densely shaggy or felty-intricate pileus, the soon subglobisporum (bottom); Kriegl p. 561; March greyish lamellae, which are extremely deeply 871; RH p.289; Riva88, 43, 43b, as T. fucatum emarginate, very broad, ventricose, thick and var. subglobisporum; Riva03, 59; SNS p.140. distant. Ecol. & Distr.: In eutrophic alvar and oligo- trophic boreal heath coniferous forests, under (Fr.: Fr.) P. Kumm., Führ. Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies, September, Pilzk. (Zwickau): 133. 1871 rare, only in West Estonian islands – Saaremaa, Agaricus imbricatus Fr., Observ. mycol. (Havni- Hiiumaa and Vormsi, especially common in ae) 1: 27. 1815; A. imbricatus Fr.: Fr., Syst. alvar spruce forests of Vormsi Island, at places mycol. (Lundae) 1: 42. 1821. abundantly, also in Liiva-Putla Woodland Key Icon.: BK 421; CD 400; D p.239; Galli p.192- Habitat in Saaremaa. 193; KL 190; Kriegl p. 534; Lge 18B; Phil p.111f; Voucher specimens studied: TAAM143424, RH p.286; Riva03, 67a-b; March 875. 143509, 172940, 185752, 185790. Ecol. & Distr.: In dry coniferous and mixed, mainly pine forests, under Pinus sylvestris, Tricholoma fulvum (Bull.: Fr.) Bigeard & H. September to November, frequent. Guill., Fl. Champ. Supér. France: 89. 1909 Voucher specimens studied: TAAM071968, Agaricus fulvus Bull., Herb. Fr.12: tab. 555, 081515, 171713. 32 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

Tricholoma inamoenum (Fr.: Fr.) Gillet, Les Hymé- three localities), August and September, rare. nomycètes ou description de tous les champi- Voucher specimens studied: TAAM114555, gnons (fungi) qui croissent en France (Alençon): 121651. 112. 1874 Tricholoma pessundatum (Fr.: Fr.) Quél., Mém. Agaricus inamoenus Fr., Observ. mycol. (Havni- Soc. Émul. Montbéliard, Sér. 2, 5: 77. 1872 ae) 1: 10. 1815; A. inamoenus Fr.: Fr., Syst. Agaricus pessundatus Fr.: Fr., Syst. mycol. mycol. (Lundae) 1: 111. 1821. (Lundae) 1: 38. 1821. Icon.: BK 422; CD 380; Galli p.79; KL 193; Lge Icon.: CettoEnz p.234; March 881. 29B; Nyl p.245; RH p.291; Riva88, 10; SNS Ecol. & Distr.: In coniferous forests, especially p.142. in sandy oligotrophic boreal heath and oligo- Ecol. & Distr.: In spruce and spruce-mixed mesotrophic boreal pine forests, especially in forests, especially in oligo-mesotrophic boreal, Cladina boreal heath site type, under Pinus mesotrophic boreal, eutrophic boreo-nemoral, sylvestris, mainly in East and South Estonia, eutrophic paludifying, oligotrophic paludifying September to November, frequent. and drained peatland forests, at places abun- Voucher specimens studied: TAAM075966, dantly, under Picea abies, July to October, very 123492; TU106420. frequent, one of the most common Estonian agarics. Tricholoma populinum J.E. Lange, Dansk bot. Voucher specimens studied: TAAM071718, Ark. 8 (no. 3): 14. 1933 072563, 123675. Icon.: BK 427; CD 408; CettoEnz p.236; Galli p.212-213; Lge 17D; March 884, T. populinum Tricholoma lascivum (Fr.: Fr.) Gillet, Les Hymé- f. populinum; Nyl p.236; Riva88, 62; SNS p.143. nomycètes ou description de tous les champi- Ecol. & Distr.: In wooded meadows and mixed gnons (fungi) qui croissent en France (Alençon): forests, also on bog ground, under Populus 111. 1874 tremula, August to October, rather frequent. Agaricus lascivus Fr.: Fr., Syst. mycol. (Lundae) Voucher specimens studied: TAAM144809, 1: 110. 1821; T. album ss. auct. p.p. 144850, 145997. Icon.: BK 423; Bres. 94; KM 265; Lge 27C; Chr&Noordel p.327; Phil p.112b; Riva88, 7; (Fr.: Fr.) Quél., Mém. Ecol. & Distr.: In eutrophic alvar oak and oak- Soc. Émul. Montbéliard, Sér. 2 , 5: 338. 1872 mixed forests, under Quercus robur, in North Agaricus portentosus Fr.: Fr., Syst. mycol. (Lun- and West Estonia, August to October, rare, only dae) 1: 39. 1821. 3 localities (Lääne-Viru Co., Rakvere; Lääne Co., Icon.: BK 428; CD 376; D p.240; Galli p.177- Hanikatsi Islet; Pärnu Co., Mihkli). 179; KL 191; Kriegl p. 563; Lge 19B; Nyl p.239; Voucher specimens studied: TAAM144823, Phil 107f; RH p.288; Riva88, 47; Riva03, 54; 177964, 197354. SNS p.143. Comments: real distribution poorly known be- Ecol. & Distr.: In coniferous, mainly sandy pine cause of the taxonomic confusion with T. album. forests, especially in Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Vaccinium myrtillus oligo-mesotrophic boreal Tricholoma matsutake (S. Ito & S. Imai) Singer, and Oxalis mesotrophic boreal site types, at Annals mycol. 41 (1/3): 77. 1943 places abundantly, under coniferous trees, Armillaria matsutake S. Ito & S. Imai, Bot. Mag., August to November, mainly late in autumn by Tokyo 39: 327 (1925); T. nauseosum (A. Blytt) frost, very frequent. Kytöv., Karstenia 28 (2): 69. 1989 [1988]; T. ca- Voucher specimens studied: TAAM124529, ligatum var. nauseosum (A. Blytt) Bon, Docums 146159. Mycol. 20 (no. 78): 38. 1990; T. caligatum ss. auct. pl. eur. p.p., auct. Est. Tricholoma psammopus (Kalchbr.) Quél., Mém. Icon.: Galli p.229, as T. nauseosum; Kytöv p.75, Soc. Émul. Montbéliard, Sér. 2, 5: 433. 1872 as T. nauseosum; Nyl p.23, as T. nauseosum; Agaricus psammopus Kalchbr., Icon. Sel. Hyme- Riva03, 84, T. nauseosum f. nauseosum; SNS nomyc. Hung. 12: tab.3. 1873. p.142. Icon.: BK 429; CD 405; Galli p.182-183; KL 200; Ecol. & Distr.: In oligotrophic boreal heath and Kriegl p.537; Lge 21B; March 877; Phil 113d; oligo-mesotrophic boreal pine forests, under RH p.287; SNS p.144. Pinus sylvestris, in North and West Estonia (only 33

Ecol. & Distr.: In forests, parks, allees, roads, Tricholoma saponaceum var. lavedanum Rolland, under Larix spp., one find underPinus sylvestris Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 7: 95. 1891. (in Hiiumaa Island), August and September, Agaricus boudieri Barla, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 3: rather rare. 205. 1887; T. boudieri (Barla) Barla, Champ. Voucher specimens studied: TAAM114615, Alpes-Mar: tab. 37. 1890. 114794, 171641. Icon.: CD 365, as T. boudieri; Galli p.62; KM 246I; March 836, as T. boudieri; Riva88, 4; Tricholoma saponaceum (Fr.: Fr.) P. Kumm., Führ. Riva03, 4. Pilzk. (Zwickau):133. 1871, var. saponaceum Ecol. & Distr.: In coniferous forests, under co- Agaricus saponaceus Fr., Observ. mycol. (Havni- niferous trees, August, very rare; in Estonia only ae) 2: 101. 1818; A. saponaceus Fr: Fr., Linnaea one locality: Tartu Co., Luunja, 11 Aug 1973, 5: 721. 1830 (Syst. mycol. (Lundae) 3, Index: K. Kalamees. 40. 1832); Tricholoma saponaceum var. atrovi- Voucher specimens studied: TAAM082037. rens (Pers.: Fr.) P. Karst., Rysslands, Finlands och den Skandinaviska Halföns. Hattsvampar: (Fr.) Quél., Mém. Soc. 36. 1879; Tricholoma saponaceum var. napipes Émul. Montbéliard, Sér. 2 (5): 232. 1872 (Krombh.) J.E. Lange, Synops. Queensl. Fl. 5: Agaricus scalpturatus Fr., Epicr. syst. mycol. 51. 1890. (Upsaliae): 31. 1838; ?T. scalpturatum var. Icon.: BK 430, as T. saponaceum; CD 363, as atrocinctum Romagn., Bull. trimest. Soc. mycol. T. saponaceum; D 255, as T. saponaceum var. Fr. 90: napipes;Galli p.61, as T. saponaceum; KL 192, as 166. 1974; T. argyraceum ss. auct. p.p. T. saponaceum; Krgl p. 571, as T. saponaceum; Icon.: BK 431; CD 396; Cetto p.292; D p.260; Lge 25B, as T. saponaceum var. napipes; March Galli, p.126, as T. triste var. atrocinctum; KL 195; 833, as T. saponaceum, 835, as T. saponaceum March 852; Phil p.108a; Riva88, 24; Riva03, 34, var. napipes; Phil 108c, as T. saponaceum; as T. scalpturatum var. atrocinctum. RH p.292, as T. saponaceum; Riva88, 1, as T. Ecol. & Distr.: In deciduous, coniferous and saponaceum; Riva03, 1a, 1b. mixed forests, forest edges and roadsides, Ecol. & Distr.: In coniferous and mixed forests, mainly in sparse grassy pine groves, in groups, especially in Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Vac- often fasciculate, under deciduous and - cinium myrtillus oligo-mesotrophic boreal, Oxalis ous trees, May to November, rather rare. mesotrophic boreal and Aegopodium boreo-ne- Voucher specimens studied: TAAM113242, moral site types, also in eutrophic alvar forests, 121689, 123237, as cf. T. scalpturatum var. under coniferous and deciduous trees, August atrocinctum, 144831, 197372; TU106264. to November, by frost, very frequent. Comments: A variety, T. scalpturatum var. Voucher specimens studied: TAAM123441, atrocinctum, has been found in Estonia, but it 146263. systematic status is still indefinite: according to Galli (1999), it is T. triste var. atrocinctus, accord- T. saponaceum var. squamosum (Cooke) Rea, Brit. ing to Riva ( ) – T. scalpturatum var. atrocinc- basidiomyc. (Cambridge): 227. 1922. 2003 tus, according to Christensen & Noordeloos Agaricus saponaceus var. squamosus Cooke, 1999, it is a forma of T. argyraceum. Handbook of British Fungi, 2nd Edn: 33. 1884; T. saponaceum f. ardosiacum (Bres.) Bon, Docums Tricholoma stans (Fr.) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) Mycol. 4 (no. 14): 65. 1974. 5: 94. 1887 Icon.: CD 364, as T. saponaceum f. ardosiacum; Agaricus stans Fr., Hymenomyc. eur. (Upsaliae): Galli p.63; KM 245; Lge 26C, as T. sapona- 52. 1874; T. albobrunneum ss. auct. p.p; T. pes- ceum var. ardosiacum; Nyl p.247; Phil p.109e; sundatum ss. auct. p.p. March 834; Riva88, 2, 3, as T. saponaceum f. Ecol. & Distr.: In coniferous forests, under Pinus ardosiacum; Riva 03, 2, 3, as T. saponaceum f. sylvestris and Picea abies, October, very rare, ardosiacum. only one locality: Saare Co., Saaremaa Island, Ecol. & Distr.: In pine forests, under Pinus syl- Leisi Comm., Triigi, 1 Oct 2007, V. Liiv. vestris, October, very rare; in Estonia only one Voucher specimens studied: TU106248. find: Jõgeva Co., Saare, by Kaiu Lake, 8 Oct Comments: real distribution of T. stans is poorly 1993, B. Kullmann. known because of the taxonomic confusion with Voucher specimens studied: TAAM146125. T. pessundatum and T. albobrunneum. 34 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

T. stiparophyllum (S. Lundell) P. Karst., Meddn var. coronaria (Pers.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. (Abellini) Soc. Fauna Flora fenn. 5: 42. 1879. 5: 112. 1887. Agaricus stiparophullus S. Lundell, Monogr. Icon.: BK 437; CD 381, 382, as T. sulphureum Hymenomyc. Suec. (Upsaliae) 1: 29. 1857; T. var. coronaria; CettoEnz p.260 (top); D p.248; pseudoalbum Bon, Bull. trimest. Soc. mycol. Fr. Galli p.81; KL 197, 198; Korh&Kytöv. 4; Krgl 85 (4): 486. 1970 [1969]; p.574; Lge 25F; March 844; Nyl p.242; RH p.290; T. album ss. auct. p.p. Phil 106a-b; Riva88, 11; Riva03, 12; SNS p.146. Icon.: BK 435; CettoEnz p.270, as T. pseudoal- Ecol. & Distr.: In deciduous and mixed forests, bum; Chr&Noordel p. 323; KL 202; Lge 27D, as mainly in broadleaved forests in West-, North- T. album; March 842, as T. pseudoalbum; RH Estonia and Islands, especially, in eutrophic p.291, as T. album; Riva88, 9, as T. pseudoal- Aegopodium boreo-nemoral oak forests, under bum; SNS p.145. deciduous trees, especially Quercus robur, Au- Ecol. & Distr.: In birch and birch-mixed forests, gust to November, rather rare. especially in eutrophic alvar, meso-eutrophic Voucher specimens studied: TAAM073352, boreo-nemoral hillock, mesotrophic boreal, 073358, 080837, 144826. eutrophic boreo-nemoral, eutrophic paludifying (Schaeff.: Fr.) P. Kumm., and drained peatland forests, meso- to eutrophic Führ. Pilzk. (Zwickau): 134. 1871 Agaricus ter- boreo-nemoral wooded grasslands, under Betula reus Schaeff., Fung. Bavar. Palat 1: tab. 28. pendula and B. pubescens, August to November, 1762; A. terreus Schaeff.: Fr., Syst. mycol. 3, very frequent, at places abundantly; one of more Index: 44. 1832; T. myomyces (Pers.: Fr.) J.E. common Estonian agarics. Lange, Dansk bot. Ark. 8 (no.3):21. 1933; T. Voucher specimens studied: TAAM072646, gausapatum ss. auct. pl. p.p. 124494, 197349. Icon.: BK 3, 438; CD 394, as T. myomyces; D Tricholoma sudum (Fr.) Quél., Mém. Soc. Émul. p.263; Galli p.110; KL 196; Lge 21A, as T. myo- Montbéliard, Sér. 2 (5): 340. 1873. myces; Phil 107g; Riva88, 18, as T. myomyces; Agaricus sudus Fr., Epicr. syst. mycol. (Up- Riv03, 17a, 19, as T. myomyces. saliae): 38. 1838. Ecol. & Distr.: In pine coniferous and pine Icon.: Galli p.65; Lge 26D. mixed forests, especially in herb-rich forests, Ecol. & Distr.: In oligotrophic boreal heath and roadsides, in herb-rich young pine woods and oligo-mesotrophic boreal pine forests, under pine groves, wooded heaths, in places abun- Pinus sylvestris, October, very rare; only one dantly, in large groups, under Pinus sylvestris, find in Estonia: Põlva Co., Kiidjärve, 19 Oct August to November, mainly late in autumn, 1969, M. Kask. very frequent; one of the most common agarics Voucher specimens studied: TAAM081530. in Estonia. Voucher specimens studied: TAAM123236, Tricholoma sulphurescens Bres., Annls mycol. 143443, 185598. 3: 159. 1905 Comments: According to the Estonian material, Icon.: BK 436; CD 366; Chr&Noordel p.325; T. terreum is easily distinguishable from the CettoEnz p.264; Galli p.71; Krgl p. 573; March closely related species T. gausapatum: pileus 838; Riva88, 6; SNS p.146. cuticle of T. terreum is grey or brownish-grey, Ecol. & Distr.: In eutrophic boreo-nemoral velutinous-squamulosus or fibrillose-felty, la- broadleaved deciduous forests, under deciduous mellae rather white, angustate, narrowly emar- trees, August, very rare; only one find in Estonia: ginate, straight-edged, crowded, thin. Hiiu Co., Hiiumaa Island Landscape Reserve, Hanikatsi Islet, oak mixed forest, under Quercus Tricholoma triste (Scop.) Quél., Mém. Soc. robur, 24 Sept 2008, A. Bresinsky. Émul. Montbéliard, Sér. 2 (5): 79. 1872 Voucher specimens studied: TU101436 Agaricus tristis Scop., Fl. carniol., Edn 2 (Wien) 2: 483. 1772; T. myomyces var. triste (Scop.) (Bull.: Fr.) P. Kumm., J.E. Lange, Dansk bot. Ark. 8 (no. 3): 22. 1933. Führ. Pilzk. (Zwickau): 133. 1871 Ikon.: Galli p.127 (bottom); Riva03, 25. Agaricus sulphureus Bull., Herb. Fr. 4: tab. 168. Ecol. & Distr.: In deciduous and coniferous 1784 [1783-84]; A. sulphureus Bull.: Fr., Syst. forests, September and October, very rare; only mycol. (Lundae) 1: 110. 1821; T. sulphureum 2 localities: Lääne Co., Mihkli, oak forest, K. 35

Kalamees & G. Shtchukin; Saare Co., Saaremaa 13 Sep 1966, 5 Sep 1979, 24 Aug 1984, K. Island, Kaali, spruce forest, A. Kollom. Kalamees. Voucher specimens studied: TAAM123348, Voucher specimens studied: TAAM076382, 144821. 120858, 123757.

Tricholoma ulvinenii Kalamees, Folia Cryptog. (Schaeff.: Fr.) P. Kumm., Estonica 38: 18. 2001 Führ. Pilzk. (Zwickau): 133. 1871 T. citrinum nom. prov. T. Ulvinen, ined.; T. eques- Agaricus vaccinus Schaeff., Fung. Bavar. Palat. tre ss. auct. p.p.; T. flavovirensss. auct. p.p. 4: 13. 1774; A. vaccinus Schaeff.: Fr., Syst. Icon.: Korh&Kytöv 2, as T. flavovirens s.l., T. mycol (Lundae) 1: 42. 1821; T. vaccinum var. equestre s.l. vaccinum; T. vaccinum var. fulvosquamosum Ecol. & Distr.: In sandy oligotrophic boreal Bon, Bull. trimest. Soc. mycol Fr. 85 (4): 479. heath and oligo-mesotrophic boreal pine forests, 1970 (1069). . under Pinus sylvestris, September and October, Icon.: BK 441; CD 401; D p.238; Galli p.190- rare. In Estonia three localities: Saare Co., Pam- 191; KL 189; Kriegl p. 543; Lge18A; Phil p.111e; mana, in Vaccinium myrtillus spruce-pine forest, RH 287; Riva88, 53; SNS p.147. 10 Oct 1966, K. Kalamees; Hiiu Co., Hiiumaa Ecol. & Distr.: In dry coniferous and mixed Island, Kõrgessaare, Puski, in boreal pine heath forests, especially in mesotrophic Oxalis boreal, forest, 14 Sept 2001, A. Kollom; Lääne-Viru eutrophic Aegopodium and Hepatica boreo-ne- Co., Lahemaa National Park, Kolga, Ulliallika, moral site types, under coniferous trees, August in Cladina boreal heath pine forest, 5 Oct 2009. to November, frequent. Voucher specimens studied: TAAM076632, Voucher specimens studied: TAAM071883, 128289, 197312. 073305, 143435, as T. vaccinum var. ful- Comments: T. ulvinenii has been described as vosquamosum, 147275. a new species by the author: Koillismaa, Po- (Fr.: Fr.) P.Kumm., Führ. sio, Livojärvi, in sandy pine forest, 20.09.81, Pilzk. (Zwickau): 134. 1871 T. Ulvinen (OULU, holotypus; TAAM 122081, Agaricus virgatus Fr., Observ. mycol. (Havniae) isotypus). 2: 113. 1818; T. virgatum Fr.: Fr., Syst. mycol. T. ulvinenii is a frequent in boreal Finland (Lundae) 1: 48. 1821. and Lapland (see Kytövuori et al, 2005), but Ikon.: BK 442; CD 387; D p.258; KL 194; Kriegl rare in South Finland, found by M. Korhonen, p. 557; RH p.293. for example, at Uusimaa, Hanko in 1990 (H; M. Ecol. & Distr.: In coniferous and mixed forests, Korhonen 10045). especially in oligotrophic boreal heath, oligo- The fungus was named after T. Ulvinen, Finn- mesotrophic boreal, mesotrophic boreal and ish botanist and mycologist, who was the first eutrophic alvar forests, especially in Vaccinium to show the author a fungus species with light vitis-idaea, Vaccinium myrtillus and Oxalis sity yellow fruitbodies under the name T. “citrinum”, types, under Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris, differing from T. equestre. T. “citrinum” was August to November, very frequent, mainly in al- found at Koillismaa, near the Oulanka biological var spruce forests in Vormsi Island (Lääne Co.). station in the Vaccinium-vitis idaea boreal and Voucher specimens studied: TAAM128308, Cladina boreal heath forest site type on 9. 09. 141902, 172982, 171709 (det. M. Christensen). 1981 (TAAM122081). The taxonomic problems of T. equestre and Tricholoma viridilutescens M. M. Moser, Fungo- closely related species, T. ulvinenii and T. rum Rariorum Icones Coloratae 7: 12-13. 1978 frondosae are discussed in Kalamees (2001a). T. subsejunctum ss. Moser, Die Röhrlinge und Tricholoma ustaloides Romagn., Bull. Soc. nat. Blätterpilze: 119. 1983 non ss. Peck 1912. Oyonnax 8:76. 1954 Icon.: CD 372; Galli p.160-161; Riva88, 39. Icon.: BK 440; CD 411; D p.229; Galli p.222–223; Ecol. & Distr.: In mesotrophic boreal and oligo- March 891; RH p.282; Riva88, 65; Riva03, 81. mesotrophic boreal coniferous and mixed for- Ecol. & Distr.: In eutrophic alvar oak forests, ests, especially in Oxalis site type, under Picea under Quercus robur, September, very rare, only abies, August and September, rare (4 localities). one locality in Saaremaa Island: Saare Co., near Voucher specimens studied: TAAM074681, Kuressaare, Loode, in oak forest, calciphilous, 177752, 197237; TU 106550. 36 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

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