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(Vinhais, Portugal). Mykes 19: 61-68 Mykes 19: 61-68. 2016 BASIDIOMYCOTA INTERESANTES DE VILAR DE OSSOS (VINHAIS, PORTUGAL) por M.L. CASTRO* CASTRO, M.L. 2016. Basidiomycota interesantes de Vilar de Ossos (Vinhais, Portugal). Mykes 19: 61-68. Resumo Descríbense 6 taxons pouco coñecidos no NW Ibérico pertencentes aos xéneros Cantharellus, Cortinarius, Entoloma, Inocybe, Ramaria e Tricholoma, dos cales catro son novas mencións para Portugal. Palabras clave: Portugal, Vinhais, Trás-os-Montes, Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Aphyllophorales. CASTRO, M.L. 2016. Basidiomycota interesting in Vilar de Ossos (Vinhais, Portugal). Mykes 19: 61-68. Summary We describe 6 hardly known taxons in the Iberian NW belonging to the genders Cantharellus, Cortinarius, Entoloma, Inocybe, Ramaria and Tricholoma, four of which are gathered for the first time in Portugal. Keywords: Portugal, Vinhais, Trás-os-Montes, Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Aphyllophorales. INTRODUCIÓN A recolla do material estudado foi feita na Freguesía de Vilar de Ossos (Vinhais, Portugal). Está situada ao norte do Concello, a 780-800 m sobre o nivel do mar, entre os 41o 52´ 49´´ e os 41o 53´ 33´´ de lonxitude e os 7o 2´ 21´´ e os 7o 2´ 11´´ de latitude, correspondentes aos puntos nos que se tomaron mostras, Zido e Vilar de Ossos, respectivamente. Desde o punto de vista climático caracterízase por longos e fríos * Laboratorio de Micoloxía. Facultade de Bioloxía. Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende. Universidade de Vigo. E-36310-Vigo. e-mail: [email protected] 61 Mykes 19: 61-68. 2016 invernos e por veráns curtos e quentes. A temperatura media oscila arredor dos 4ºC no mes máis frío e 20ºC no máis quente. Ten pluviosidade elevada, con nevadas frecuentes entre decembro e marzo. Nesta zona destacan os complexos polimetamórficos alóctonos, constituídos pola superposición de diversas unidades tectónicas establecidas sobre sedimentos do Paleozoico observados no Parque Natural de Montesinho, co que confina. Está zona encádrase no Macizo de Bragança, que presenta na unidade superior rochas básicas e ultrabásicas: anfibolitas e serpentinitas, xunto coa afloración de zonas graníticas de grao fino (PEREIRA, 2006), aínda que no NW Peninsular a xea é complexa. No que a vexetación autóctona se refire os bosques predominantes son as carballeiras de Quercus pyrenaica, nas que esta especie domina o estrato arbóreo e arbustivo debido á gran capacidade de rebrote (CARVALHO, 2005) e no lugar do Zido queda unha pequena extensión onde o estrato arbóreo está constituído por aciñeiras (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) e na que o mato predominante son estevas (Cistus ladanifer). As zonas repoboadas con especies foráneas como coníferas (Pinus e Pseudotsuga) son escasas. METODOLOXÍA Para a identificación das especies partiuse de traballos clásicos como WATLING et TURNBULL (1998), PEGLER et al. (1997), NOORDELOOS (1992, 2004), KUYPER (1986), CORNER (1950) e RIVA (1998, 2003) complementadas con publicacións referidas a ecoloxía e distribución dos taxons, que figuran en cada unha das especies. O material recolectado estudouse no Laboratorio de Micoloxía da Universidade de Vigo, foi desecado para ser conservado na micoteca LOU-Fungi do SIAM de Lourizán (Pontevedra). CATÁLOGO DE ESPECIES Cantharellus melanoxeros Desm. in Duby, Bot. Gall., 2: 799. 1830 Vinhais, Vilar de Ossos, 1-XI-2015, baixo Quercus pyrenaica, P.Lorenzo [LOU-Fungi 20707]. Sombreiro pequeno, ata 4-5 cm, en forma de funil, de cor variable, ao principio amarelado crema ou algo pardo, despois obsérvanselle algunhas tonalidades violeta e coa idade e a sequidade vaise volvendo negro desde a marxe, completamente festonada ou ondulada, ata o centro. Os pregues son escasos e anchos, con algunhas venas intermedias, concolores ao sombreiro ou un pouco máis pardo ocre. O pé é curto, debido a que os pregues son moi decorrentes, de cor clara, 62 Mykes 19: 61-68. 2016 con tonalidades violáceas e no fin negro. Ten carne compacta, de sabor suave e cheiro forte, un pouco a regalicia. Hifas e basidios con fíbulas, estes alongados, lixeiramente inchados no ápice, ata 80 x 10 µm e esporas de 9-10 x 5,5-7 µm. Trátase dunha especie pouco coñecida na Península Ibérica (CASTRO et BLANCO-DIOS, 2007), xa que se trata dun taxon esencialmente europeo e septentrional (GBIF, online), non a coñecemos citada de Portugal. O material estudado virou totalmente a negro en exsiccata. Cortinarius rufo-olivaceus (Pers.) Fr., Epicr. syst. mycol.: 268. 1838 [Fig. 1] Vinhais, Vilar de Ossos, 1-XI-2015, [LOU-Fungi 20708]. Carpóforo viscoso de sombreiro pardo avermellado, coa marxe excedente lixeiramente violácea. Láminas verdosas, ao fin pardas, máis ou menos escotadas. Pe bulboso, violáceo sobre fondo pardo avermellado, con abundante cortina. Carne de cor branca violácea, excepto no bulbo que é algo vermella. Cheiro pouco agradable. Cor + verde, despois viño, con KOH e NH4 (PALAZÓN, 2001). Hifas da cutícula xelificadas e con fíbulas. Basidios algo ensanchados no ápice e esporas máis ou menos citriformes, de 11-12,5 x 6,5-8 µm. Taxon pouco frecuente na Península Ibérica, máis común na parte septentrional (GBFI, online, GUTIÉRREZ et TABARÉS, 2011), non o coñecemos citado para Portugal. Fig. 1. Cortinarius rufo-olivaceus. Esporas-Basidios-Cistidiolos. 63 Mykes 19: 61-68. 2016 Entoloma mougeotii (Fr.) Hesler, Beih. Nova Hedwigia 23: 158. 1967 var. mougeotii [Fig. 2] Vinhais, Vilar de Ossos, 1-XI-2015, zona musgosa e húmida baixo Quercus pyrenaica, F.X.Martins [LOU-Fungi 20709]. Sombreiro máis ou menos convexo, de 3-4 cm, lixeiramente escamoso, de cor violácea agrisada, non estriado. Láminas brancas, coa marxe concolor. Pé delgado, de cor azul cincenta , con reflexos semellando os do aceiro, excepto a base que é branca. Ten queilocistidios cilíndricos ou en maza, ás veces sinuosos, ata 60 x 7 µm e esporas 9-11 x (5) 7-7,5 µm, poligonais, con 6-9 caras, hialinas e lisas. Non observamos fíbulas, nin basidios. Parece ser moi frecuente en toda a Europa occidental (GBIF, online). Está citado principalmente na metade septentrional da Península Ibérica (ESTEVE-RAVENTÓS et al., 1996), incluída Galicia (CASTRO, 1985, GONZÁLEZ et al., 1998). En Portugal só a coñecemos citada de Estremadura (CMUL, 2002). O material estudado parece ter esporas lixeiramente máis anchas que o indicado na bibliografía consultada. Fig. 2. Entoloma mougeotii Inocybe fuscidula Velen., České Houby 2: 378. 1920 [Fig. 3] Vinhais, Vilar de Ossos, 1-XI-2015,baixo Quercus pyrenaica, en zona musgosa, H.Fernández Ricón e G.Pérez Torrón [LOU-Fungi 20710]. 64 Mykes 19: 61-68. 2016 Carpóforo con aspecto de Inocybe fastigiata, cónico, con umbón central máis ou menos persistente, pardo amarelado, con fibriñas innadas radiais abundantes. Láminas lixeiramente de abrancazadas a pardo claro. Pé cilíndrico, pulverulento no terzo superior, abrancazado, bulboso, non marxinado. Primeiro cheiro desagradable, como a pneumático, e máis en profundidade espermático. Caulo e queilocistidios presentes, fusiformes ou laxeniformes, máis ou menos ensanchados na parte central, parede grosa e nalgún caso obsérvanse cristais no ápice, de 70-80 x 10 µm. Basidios tetraspóricos. Esporas elipsoides, lisas, de 8,5-10,5 x 5,5-6 µm Está amplamente dis- tribuído por toda Europa occidental (GBIF, online) e en España coñécese de Cataluña, Aragón, Galicia, Fig. 3. Inocybe fuscidula. Madrid, Castela-La Mancha Queilocistidios. e Andalucía (ESTEVE- RAVENTÓS, 1999). Ramaria flava (Schaeff.) Quél., Fl. mycol. France: 466. 1888 [Fig. 4] Vinhais, Vilar de Ossos, 1-XI-2015, baixo Quercus pyrenaica, A.Prunell [LOU-Fungi 20711]. Carpóforos ramificados, ata 15 cm, cilíndricos e de ápice dicótomo, de cor amarela, cunha base común de cor abrancazada. Carne con sabor doce, verdosa con SO4Fe (coñecida no concello de Vinhais como «pata de galinha», onde é consumida). Basidios tetraspóricos, con fíbulas, ata 50 x 10 µm. Esporas elipsoides, non amiloides, ornamentadas con verrugas máis ou menos illadas, e interiormente gutuladas,de 12-14 x 4,5-5 µm. Non observamos cistidios. Aparece citada en España de Norte a Sur: Asturias, Navarra, Aragón, Cataluña, Castela-León, Madrid e Andalucía (RUBIO, online). Confúndese 65 Mykes 19: 61-68. 2016 facilmente con Ramaria aurea (Schaeff.) Quél. (SÁNCHEZ, 2010) e non temos constancia da súa publicación para Portugal. Fig. 4. Ramaria flava Tricholoma roseoacerbum A.Riva, Mycol. Helv. 1(3): 179. 1984 Vinhais, Vilar de Ossos, 1-XI-2015, baixo Quercus pyrenaica [LOU-Fungi 20712]. Sombreiro de 5-6 cm, coa marxe curvada cara abaixo, tacto aveludado e cor ocre con tonalidades rosadas ou pardo rosadas. Láminas brancas ao principio, despois rosadas ou pardo rosadas ao tacto. Pé do diámetro do sombreiro, cheo, lixeiramente adelgazado na base, lixeiramente granuloso e concolor co sombreiro ou máis claro. Carne branca con sabor lixeiramente amargo e fariñento. Basidios tetraspóricos, esporas elipsoides, de 4-6 x 2,5-4 µm e queilocistidios cilíndricos, en forma de maza ou inchados. Recentemente foi proposto como Tricholoma acerbum var. roseoacerbum por BLANCO-DIOS (2015), por ser moi semellante, ao tamén presente na zona, Tricholoma acerbum (Bull.) Quél., aínda que este alcanza maior tamaño, é gregario, moito máis amargo e carece das 66 Mykes 19: 61-68. 2016 tonalidades rosadas salmón. Probablemente este taxon necesite un estudio molecular para dirimir se realmente se trata de dúas especies diferentes ou son simplemente morfotipos diferentes. O material estudado foi recollido baixo frondosas (Quercus pyrenaica), a diferenza do manifestado por BESSETTE et al. (2013) que o considera propio de “coníferas, a miúdo con musgos”, e coincidindo co indicado por (PALAZÓN, 2001), sen embargo neste caso atópase en terreo supostamente ácido. Trátase dunha especie pouco frecuente (GBIF, online), aínda que resulta difícil establecer a súa distribución debido á posible confusión con Tricholoma acerbum. Non a coñecemos citada para Portugal, sen embargo si aparece Tricholoma acerbum en Estremadura, Beira Litoral e Baixo Alentejo (CMUL, 2002). BIBLIOGRAFÍA BESSETTE, A.E., BESSETTE, A.R. et ROODY, W.C. 2013. Tricholomas of North America: A Mushroom Field Guide. Science. Texas. BLANCO-DIOS, J.B. 2015. Tricholoma acerbum var. roseoacerbum (A.Riva) Blanco- Dios, comb.
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