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Federal Register/Vol. 86, No. 162/Wednesday, August 25, 2021
Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 162 / Wednesday, August 25, 2021 / Proposed Rules 47457 hypothecate, assign, transfer or encumber EXHIBIT A DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR funds or assets in the Escrow Account except ESCROW AGREEMENT, dated ll by and in accordance with the terms of this Fish and Wildlife Service between (Customer) and (Escrow Agent). Agreement. 20. This Agreement is for the benefit of the Passenger Vessels Owned or Chartered 50 CFR Part 17 parties hereto and, accordingly, each and ANNEX 1 [Docket No. FWS–HQ–ES–2020–0100; every provision hereof shall be enforceable FF09E22000 FXES11180900000 212] by any or each or both of them. Additionally, RECOMPUTATION CERTIFICATE this Agreement shall be enforceable by the To: Federal Maritime Commission RIN 1018–BE92 Commission. However, this Agreement shall And To: (‘‘Bank’’) Endangered and Threatened Wildlife not be enforceable by any other party, person ll The undersigned, the Controller of and Plants; Endangered Species or entity whatsoever. hereby furnishes this Recomputation Status for Amur Sturgeon 21. (a) No amendments, modifications or Certificate pursuant to the terms of the other change in the terms of this Agreement Escrow Agreement dated ll, between the AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, shall be effective for any purpose whatsoever Customer and (‘‘Bank’’). Terms herein shall Interior. unless agreed upon in writing by Escrow have the same definitions as those in such ACTION: Proposed rule. Agent and Customer and approved in writing Escrow Agreement and Federal Maritime by the Commission. Commission regulations. SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and (b) No party hereto may assign its rights or I. -
The Human Threat to River Ecosystems at the Watershed Scale: an Ecological Security Assessment of the Songhua River Basin, Northeast China
water Article The Human Threat to River Ecosystems at the Watershed Scale: An Ecological Security Assessment of the Songhua River Basin, Northeast China Yuan Shen 1,2, Huiming Cao 1, Mingfang Tang 1 and Hongbing Deng 1,* 1 State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; [email protected] (Y.S.); [email protected] (H.C.); [email protected] (M.T.) 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-6284-9112 Academic Editor: Sharon B. Megdal Received: 6 December 2016; Accepted: 13 March 2017; Published: 16 March 2017 Abstract: Human disturbances impact river basins by reducing the quality of, and services provided by, aquatic ecosystems. Conducting quantitative assessments of ecological security at the watershed scale is important for enhancing the water quality of river basins and promoting environmental management. In this study, China’s Songhua River Basin was divided into 204 assessment units by combining watershed and administrative boundaries. Ten human threat factors were identified based on their significant influence on the river ecosystem. A modified ecological threat index was used to synthetically evaluate the ecological security, where frequency was weighted by flow length from the grids to the main rivers, while severity was weighted by the potential hazard of the factors on variables of river ecosystem integrity. The results showed that individual factors related to urbanization, agricultural development and facility construction presented different spatial distribution characteristics. At the center of the plain area, the provincial capital cities posed the highest level of threat, as did the municipal districts of prefecture-level cities. -
Preparing the Shaanxi-Qinling Mountains Integrated Ecosystem Management Project (Cofinanced by the Global Environment Facility)
Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 39321 June 2008 PRC: Preparing the Shaanxi-Qinling Mountains Integrated Ecosystem Management Project (Cofinanced by the Global Environment Facility) Prepared by: ANZDEC Limited Australia For Shaanxi Province Development and Reform Commission This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. FINAL REPORT SHAANXI QINLING BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PREPARED FOR Shaanxi Provincial Government And the Asian Development Bank ANZDEC LIMITED September 2007 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as at 1 June 2007) Currency Unit – Chinese Yuan {CNY}1.00 = US $0.1308 $1.00 = CNY 7.64 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank BAP – Biodiversity Action Plan (of the PRC Government) CAS – Chinese Academy of Sciences CASS – Chinese Academy of Social Sciences CBD – Convention on Biological Diversity CBRC – China Bank Regulatory Commission CDA - Conservation Demonstration Area CNY – Chinese Yuan CO – company CPF – country programming framework CTF – Conservation Trust Fund EA – Executing Agency EFCAs – Ecosystem Function Conservation Areas EIRR – economic internal rate of return EPB – Environmental Protection Bureau EU – European Union FIRR – financial internal rate of return FDI – Foreign Direct Investment FYP – Five-Year Plan FS – Feasibility -
Analysis on Influence of Urban Spatial Pattern Changes on Social Vulnerability
Nature Environment and Pollution Technology ISSN: 0972-6268 Vol. 15 No. 2 pp. 719-725 2016 An International Quarterly Scientific Journal Original Research Paper Analysis on Influence of Urban Spatial Pattern Changes on Social Vulnerability Xia Quan-wei*(**)† and Sun Bai-qing* *School of Economic and Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin-150001, China **Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin-150050, China †Corresponding author: Xia Quan-wei ABSTRACT Nat. Env. & Poll. Tech. Website: www.neptjournal.com This paper studies and analyses the formation and evolution of the urban spatial pattern of Harbin, a waterfront city in northern China. Considering the history and culture of this city, as well as the impetus of modern Received: 12-10-2015 urbanization, and performing Pearson’s correlation analysis it is concluded that the modelled social vulnerability Accepted: 16-11-2015 score and the flood damage in certain periods are highly correlated. The results indicate, 1. that the change Key Words: of spatial pattern and the social vulnerability to disasters are in a high coupling relationship, 2) that the social Urban spatial pattern vulnerability is closely related to the terrain of the disaster source, and the urban civilians, handicraftsmen Social vulnerability and businessmen in Daoli District and Daowai District of the first stage of terrain are the population with the Natural disasters highest social vulnerability, and 3) that there is no apparently time-varying change of socially vulnerable groups. This paper innovates to combine the research on the dynamic change of the urban spatial pattern and the research on social vulnerability, in order to supplement and perfect the assessment system for social vulnerability influencing factors, and to provide reference for the establishment of the social policy as relevant. -
Coal, Water, and Grasslands in the Three Norths
Coal, Water, and Grasslands in the Three Norths August 2019 The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH a non-profit, federally owned enterprise, implementing international cooperation projects and measures in the field of sustainable development on behalf of the German Government, as well as other national and international clients. The German Energy Transition Expertise for China Project, which is funded and commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi), supports the sustainable development of the Chinese energy sector by transferring knowledge and experiences of German energy transition (Energiewende) experts to its partner organisation in China: the China National Renewable Energy Centre (CNREC), a Chinese think tank for advising the National Energy Administration (NEA) on renewable energy policies and the general process of energy transition. CNREC is a part of Energy Research Institute (ERI) of National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC). Contact: Anders Hove Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH China Tayuan Diplomatic Office Building 1-15-1 No. 14, Liangmahe Nanlu, Chaoyang District Beijing 100600 PRC [email protected] www.giz.de/china Table of Contents Executive summary 1 1. The Three Norths region features high water-stress, high coal use, and abundant grasslands 3 1.1 The Three Norths is China’s main base for coal production, coal power and coal chemicals 3 1.2 The Three Norths faces high water stress 6 1.3 Water consumption of the coal industry and irrigation of grassland relatively low 7 1.4 Grassland area and productivity showed several trends during 1980-2015 9 2. -
General Description of Water and Soil Conservation in the Songhua River Basin
12th ISCO Conference Beijing 2002 General Description of Water and Soil Conservation in the Songhua River Basin Shen Bo and Meng Lingqin Songliao Water Resources Commission Ministry of Water Resources P.R. China 10-1Gongnong Road Changchun City, 130021, P.R. China. E-mail: [email protected] 1 The songhua river basin The Songhua, one of the seven largest rivers in China, has a drainage area that lies within three provincial jurisdictions, Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province and Autonomous Region of Inner Mongolia. The river originates from two sources, the Nen river and the Second Songhua. The two rivers meet near Songyuan where they form the Songhua River proper. from the confluence, the Songhua River flows easterly and eventually joins the Heilong (Amur) River, which is a boundary river between Russa and China. The total drainage area of the Songhua River is approximately 560,000 km2, of which 300,000 km2 area in the Nen River watershed, 74,000 km2 in the Second Songhua basin and the remaining 186,000 km2 in the local watershed of the Songhua River main channel. There are many tributaries to the Songhua River system of which, 16 have drainage areas larger than 10,000 km2. There are two major floodplains in the Songhua River basin: one is the Songnen plain, another is the Sanjiang plain. The Sanjiang plain comprises nearly 2.0 million ha of wetlands, the largest wetlands in eastern Asia, and provides one of the most important breeding areas and migratory routes for waterfowl in that part of the word. The area also supports a large number of endangered species, particularly waterfowl. -
The Qing Lifanyuan and the Solon People of the 17Th-18Th Centuries
Athens Journal of History - Volume 1, Issue 4 – Pages 253-266 The Qing Lifanyuan and the Solon People of the 17th-18th Centuries By Chia Ning The exploration of the newly published Manchu tiben leads to this first dedicated study of the relationship between the hunting Solon people in Heilongjiang and the Qing Inner Asian governing institution, the Lifanyuan. The discoveries impact our understanding of Manchu statecraft through its interaction with a small hunting minority. Introduction The relationship between the Solon people, natives of Heilongjiang, and the Lifanyuan, a Qing (1636-1911) frontier governing institution, has remained an understudied subject.1 This research explores the newly published Qingchao qianqi lifanyuan manmengwen tiben (Early Qing Manchu and Mongolian Lifanyuan Tiben2 or EQMMLT later), and develops the first study on this important subject in Western scholarship. The name of the Lifanyuan in Manchu, Tulergi golo be dasara jurgan, means the ministry that governs the outer (namely the non-Chinese) regions. All the 1,613 tiben3 under investigation were written by the Lifanyuan minister, or vice minister occasionally, to the emperor during 1653-1795. Among them fourteen provide the archival evidence4 that the Qing frontier administration cannot be understood properly if the full story of the Solon is not considered in the study of the Lifanyuan, and Qing empire-building cannot be comprehended integrally if the examination of Qing statecraft continues to overlook the Solon-Lifanyuan relationship. The Heilongjiang General, appointed in 1683 as a split from the Ninggutai General in Eastern Heilongjiang,5 played a key role in the Solon-Lifanyuan Professor, History Department, Central College, USA. -
Policy Note on Integrated Flood Risk Management Key Lesson Learned and Recommendations for China
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Strategy Resources Partnership China CountryWater WATER PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM PARTNERSHIP WATER THE WORLDBANK (2013-2020) China Country Water Resources Partnership Strategy © 2013 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2422; e-mail: [email protected]. Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................................................................................VII -
PCR: People's Republic of China: Songhua River Flood Management
Completion Report Project Number: 33437-01 Loan Number: 1919 December 2011 People’s Republic of China: Songhua River Flood Management Sector Project CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit – yuan (CNY) At Appraisal At Project Completion 15 August 2002 23 November 2010 CNY1.00 = $0.12 $0.15 $1.00 = CNY8.28 CNY6.63 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank CPCO – central project coordination office EA – executing agency EMP – environmental management plan FSR – feasibility study report IEE – initial environmental examination IMAR – Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region MWR – Ministry of Water Resources NDRC – National Development and Reform Commission O&M – operation and maintenance PDR – preliminary design report PMO – project management office PRC – People’s Republic of China PSC – project steering committee SWRC – Songliao Water Resources Commission WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ha – hectare km2 – square kilometer m3 – cubic meter mu – a Chinese unit of measurement (15 mu = 1 ha) t – metric ton NOTES In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. Vice-President S. Groff, Operations 2 Director General K. Gerhaeusser, East Asia Department (EARD) Country Director P. Heytens, PRC Resident Mission (PRCM), EARD Team leader X. Shen, Senior Project Officer (Natural Resources and Agriculture), PRCM, EARD Team members M. Gan, Associate Project Analyst, PRCM, EARD X. Jiang, Operations Assistant, PRCM, EARD W. Zhu, Senior Safeguards Officer (Resettlement), PRCM, EARD In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. -
China's Natural Hazards
China’s Natural Hazards: China’s Natural Hazards: An Introduction An Introduction Natural Hazards in China TransRe White Paper 0 1 Natural Hazards in ChinaSep t TeransRembe rWhite 20 1 Paper4 1 Natural Hazards in China | TransRe White Paper by James Rohman | September 2014 a b a b Figure 1. a) China’s population by province, given data in the 2010 Chinese Census. b) Percentage population change, from 2000 to 2010, given census data. Figure 1. a) China’s population by province, given data in the 2010 Chinese Census. b) Percentage a b population change, from 2000 to 2010, given Census data. a b ion change, from 2000 to 2010, given Census data. Figure 2. a) China’s GDP by province, given data in the 2010 Chinese Census. b) Percentage GDP change, from 2000 to 2010, given Census data. 1 Natural Hazards in China | TransRe White Paper Figure 2. a) China’s GDP by province, given data in the 2010 Chinese Census. b) Percentage GDP change, from 2000 to 2010, given Census data. 1 Natural Hazards in China TransRe White Paper 2 Natural Hazards in China | TransRe White Paper Introduction Worldwide economic losses from natural catastrophes were $140 billion in 2013 (events including Australia Drought, US Wildfire and Egyptian Snow), of which 68% was uninsured. These figures are down from 2011 (Texas IntroductionDrought, Thailand Floods, Hurricane Irene), when 72% of the $380 billion economic losses were uninsured. While recent total losses from natural Worldwidecatastrophes economic are losses below from average natural ($190 catastrophes billion), they were represent $140 billion major in losses 2013 for(events insurers, including and significant Australia Droughtopportunities, US Wildfire for global and insurance Egyptian growth.Snow), of which 68% was uninsured. -
The Research on Temporal–Spatial Distribution and Morphological Characteristics of Ancient Settlements in the Songhua River Basin
sustainability Article The Research on Temporal–Spatial Distribution and Morphological Characteristics of Ancient Settlements in the Songhua River Basin Meng Zhu 1,2, Jianfei Dong 2,* and Yingzhi Gao 2,* 1 School of architecture, Harbin institute of technology, Harbin 150001, China; [email protected] 2 Heilongjiang Cold Region Architectural Science Key Laboratory, Harbin 150006, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.Z.); [email protected] (Y.G.) Received: 4 January 2019; Accepted: 5 February 2019; Published: 12 February 2019 Abstract: Settlements have a high cultural and historical value in regions as indicators of human habitation and culture. The Songhua River Basin is on the edge of a traditional cultural center, which has scattered ecological elements, a special culture, and historical faults. Because of the superposition of traces of different ethnic activities in different periods, the Songhua River has a special and diversified cultural foundation and heritage, which is of high research value. However, the ancient settlements in this region have not been given sufficient attention and as a result it is difficult to achieve a complete and systematic study. In order to promote the cultural value of this historical region and the development of a regional and cultural industry, this paper seeks to study the ancient settlements of Songhua River Basin. With the help of GIS technology, archeological excavations, and the concept of ethnic pedigree in ethnology, this study analyzes the temporal–spatial distribution and morphological characteristics of ancient settlements in the Songhua River Basin, in order to determine how the heritage value of these settlements can be sustainably protected. -
Water Quality Analysis of the Songhua River Basin Using Multivariate Techniques
J. Water Resource and Protection, 2009, 2, 110-121 doi:10.4236/jwarp.2009.12015 Published Online August 2009 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/jwarp/). Water Quality Analysis of the Songhua River Basin Using Multivariate Techniques Yang LI1, Linyu XU1*, Shun LI2 1State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 2College of resources science & technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China E-mail: [email protected] Received November 29, 2008; revised January 13, 2009; accepted February 14, 2009 Abstract Multivariate statistical techniques, including cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis (FA) and discriminant analysis (DA), were used to evaluate temporal and spatial variations and to interpret a large and complex water quality data sets collected from the Songhua River Basin. The data sets, which contained 14 parameters, were generated during the 7-year (1998-2004) monitoring program at 14 different sites along the rivers. Three significant sampling locations (less polluted sites, moderately polluted sites and highly polluted sites) were detected by CA method, and five latent factors (organic, inor- ganic, petrochemical, physiochemical, and heavy metals) were identified by PCA and FA methods. The re- sults of DA showed only five parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen) and eight parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, volatile phenols and total arsenic) were necessarily in temporal and spatial varia- tions analysis, respectively. Furthermore, this study revealed the major causes of water quality deterioration were related to inflow of effluent from domestic and industrial wastewater disposal.