China's Natural Hazards
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Challenges in Researching the Three Gorges
Running into Dead Ends: Challenges in Researching the Three Gorges Dam By Gørild Heggelund hen I first began to study the Three Gorges made it one of the most controversial construction Dam in the late 1980s to write my master’s projects to date in China. While it will play a crucial role Wthesis, I did not realize that the dam would in flood control and energy generation, it is ultimately a dominate my life for the next decade—both for master political project with much government prestige at stake. and doctorate degrees. Apart from an interval of three The Three Gorges project easily draws criticism, as it has years working for the UN in Beijing and taking maternity great implications for both people and the environment leave, I devoted years of research examining various in the Three Gorges area. Nevertheless, passing judgment political and social aspects of this controversial dam on whether or not the dam should have been constructed project. was not the objective of my thesis. My aspiration was to Not surprisingly, I was exposed to the complexity of provide information that highlights the developments in the political debates surrounding the project early in the the resettlement process for this project, as well as relating research process, as one of my first encounters with people them to general political and social trends in China. One involved in the discussion about the dam was Dai Qing.1 of the main advantages of doing research on an intriguing She presented me with her book Changjiang Changjiang project such as the Three Gorges is the potential for (Yangtze Yangtze), which was published in 1989 as an increased comprehension of the Chinese society at large, attempt to lobby against the dam. -
Jacobs – Soviet Far East Geography 1930S
THE NEW YORK TIMES The Opinion Pages The Opinionator Exclusive Online Commentary from The Times February 21, 2012 Manchurian Trivia By FRANK JACOBS Borderlines explores the global map, one line at a time. Here’s a bit of insight into the mind of a budding map-head. While my grade-school geography teacher attempted to stuff our heads with tables on the average rainfall in the Amazon and graphs on the relevance of the Donbas [1] for the Soviet economy, I kept staring at the page showing East Asia, wondering: Does Russia share a border with North Korea, or does China touch the sea? The map stubbornly refused to yield enough detail for an answer. The line that defined China’s borders with North Korea and Russia was inked too thickly to determine whether there was a Chinese-Russian-North Korean tripoint on land (but very close to shore), or a Chinese (but very narrow) beachfront on the Sea of Japan [2]. Both options seemed bizarre, yet either would have obvious geopolitical implications: in the former case, Russia would have unimpeded traffic with North Korea; in the latter, China would have direct access to a strategic body of water. Did the mapmakers deliberately gloss over the issue, not wanting to be bothered with such trivia [3]? It’s more likely that they too didn’t quite know where to draw the line: the last border disputes in the area, a region with some of the world’s tightest, most heavily policed borders, were settled less than a decade ago. Even then, the border is too intricate to display adequately on a small- scale map [4]; you can see it with a zoomable online map, but you have to get in pretty close to see what the dickens is going on. -
Federal Register/Vol. 86, No. 162/Wednesday, August 25, 2021
Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 162 / Wednesday, August 25, 2021 / Proposed Rules 47457 hypothecate, assign, transfer or encumber EXHIBIT A DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR funds or assets in the Escrow Account except ESCROW AGREEMENT, dated ll by and in accordance with the terms of this Fish and Wildlife Service between (Customer) and (Escrow Agent). Agreement. 20. This Agreement is for the benefit of the Passenger Vessels Owned or Chartered 50 CFR Part 17 parties hereto and, accordingly, each and ANNEX 1 [Docket No. FWS–HQ–ES–2020–0100; every provision hereof shall be enforceable FF09E22000 FXES11180900000 212] by any or each or both of them. Additionally, RECOMPUTATION CERTIFICATE this Agreement shall be enforceable by the To: Federal Maritime Commission RIN 1018–BE92 Commission. However, this Agreement shall And To: (‘‘Bank’’) Endangered and Threatened Wildlife not be enforceable by any other party, person ll The undersigned, the Controller of and Plants; Endangered Species or entity whatsoever. hereby furnishes this Recomputation Status for Amur Sturgeon 21. (a) No amendments, modifications or Certificate pursuant to the terms of the other change in the terms of this Agreement Escrow Agreement dated ll, between the AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, shall be effective for any purpose whatsoever Customer and (‘‘Bank’’). Terms herein shall Interior. unless agreed upon in writing by Escrow have the same definitions as those in such ACTION: Proposed rule. Agent and Customer and approved in writing Escrow Agreement and Federal Maritime by the Commission. Commission regulations. SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and (b) No party hereto may assign its rights or I. -
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Estuaries of Two Rivers of the Sea of Japan
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Estuaries of Two Rivers of the Sea of Japan Tatiana Chizhova 1,*, Yuliya Koudryashova 1, Natalia Prokuda 2, Pavel Tishchenko 1 and Kazuichi Hayakawa 3 1 V.I.Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute FEB RAS, 43 Baltiyskaya Str., Vladivostok 690041, Russia; [email protected] (Y.K.); [email protected] (P.T.) 2 Institute of Chemistry FEB RAS, 159 Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; [email protected] 3 Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-914-332-40-50 Received: 11 June 2020; Accepted: 16 August 2020; Published: 19 August 2020 Abstract: The seasonal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) variability was studied in the estuaries of the Partizanskaya River and the Tumen River, the largest transboundary river of the Sea of Japan. The PAH levels were generally low over the year; however, the PAH concentrations increased according to one of two seasonal trends, which were either an increase in PAHs during the cold period, influenced by heating, or a PAH enrichment during the wet period due to higher run-off inputs. The major PAH source was the combustion of fossil fuels and biomass, but a minor input of petrogenic PAHs in some seasons was observed. Higher PAH concentrations were observed in fresh and brackish water compared to the saline waters in the Tumen River estuary, while the PAH concentrations in both types of water were similar in the Partizanskaya River estuary, suggesting different pathways of PAH input into the estuaries. -
In Koguryo Dynasty the State-Formation History Starts from B
International Journal of Korean History(Vol.6, Dec.2004) 1 History of Koguryŏ and China’s Northeast Asian Project 1Park Kyeong-chul * Introduction The Koguryŏ Dynasty, established during the 3rd century B.C. around the Maek tribe is believed to have begun its function as a centralized entity in the Northeast Asia region. During the period between 1st century B.C. and 1st century A.D. aggressive regional expansion policy from the Koguryŏ made it possible to overcome its territorial limitations and weak economic basis. By the end of the 4th century A.D., Koguryŏ emerged as an empire that had acquired its own independent lebensraum in Northeast Asia. This research paper will delve into identifying actual founders of the Koguryŏ Dynasty and shed light on their lives prior to the actual establishment of the Dynasty. Then on, I will analyze the establishment process of Koguryŏ Dynasty. Thereafter, I will analyze the history of Koguryŏ Dynasty at three different stages: the despotic military state period, the period in which Koguryŏ emerged as an independent empire in Northeast Asia, and the era of war against the Sui and Tang dynasty. Upon completion of the above task, I will illustrate the importance of Koguryŏ history for Koreans. Finally, I attempt to unearth the real objectives why the Chinese academics are actively promoting the Northeast Asian Project. * Professor, Dept. of Liberal Arts, Kangnam University 2 History of Koguryŏ and China’s Northeast Asian Project The Yemaek tribe and their culture1 The main centers of East Asian culture in approximately 2000 B.C. were China - by this point it had already become an agrarian society - and the Mongol-Siberian region where nomadic cultures reign. -
Tracing Population Movements in Ancient East Asia Through the Linguistics and Archaeology of Textile Production
Evolutionary Human Sciences (2020), 2, e5, page 1 of 20 doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.4 REVIEW Tracing population movements in ancient East Asia through the linguistics and archaeology of textile production Sarah Nelson1, Irina Zhushchikhovskaya2, Tao Li3,4, Mark Hudson3 and Martine Robbeets3* 1Department of Anthropology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA, 2Laboratory of Medieval Archaeology, Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography of Peoples of Far East, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia, 3Eurasia3angle Research group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany and 4Department of Archaeology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Archaeolinguistics, a field which combines language reconstruction and archaeology as a source of infor- mation on human prehistory, has much to offer to deepen our understanding of the Neolithic and Bronze Age in Northeast Asia. So far, integrated comparative analyses of words and tools for textile production are completely lacking for the Northeast Asian Neolithic and Bronze Age. To remedy this situation, here we integrate linguistic and archaeological evidence of textile production, with the aim of shedding light on ancient population movements in Northeast China, the Russian Far East, Korea and Japan. We show that the transition to more sophisticated textile technology in these regions can be associated not only with the adoption of millet agriculture but also with the spread of the languages of the so-called ‘Transeurasian’ family. In this way, our research provides indirect support for the Language/Farming Dispersal Hypothesis, which posits that language expansion from the Neolithic onwards was often associated with agricultural colonization. -
The Human Threat to River Ecosystems at the Watershed Scale: an Ecological Security Assessment of the Songhua River Basin, Northeast China
water Article The Human Threat to River Ecosystems at the Watershed Scale: An Ecological Security Assessment of the Songhua River Basin, Northeast China Yuan Shen 1,2, Huiming Cao 1, Mingfang Tang 1 and Hongbing Deng 1,* 1 State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; [email protected] (Y.S.); [email protected] (H.C.); [email protected] (M.T.) 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-6284-9112 Academic Editor: Sharon B. Megdal Received: 6 December 2016; Accepted: 13 March 2017; Published: 16 March 2017 Abstract: Human disturbances impact river basins by reducing the quality of, and services provided by, aquatic ecosystems. Conducting quantitative assessments of ecological security at the watershed scale is important for enhancing the water quality of river basins and promoting environmental management. In this study, China’s Songhua River Basin was divided into 204 assessment units by combining watershed and administrative boundaries. Ten human threat factors were identified based on their significant influence on the river ecosystem. A modified ecological threat index was used to synthetically evaluate the ecological security, where frequency was weighted by flow length from the grids to the main rivers, while severity was weighted by the potential hazard of the factors on variables of river ecosystem integrity. The results showed that individual factors related to urbanization, agricultural development and facility construction presented different spatial distribution characteristics. At the center of the plain area, the provincial capital cities posed the highest level of threat, as did the municipal districts of prefecture-level cities. -
Preparing the Shaanxi-Qinling Mountains Integrated Ecosystem Management Project (Cofinanced by the Global Environment Facility)
Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 39321 June 2008 PRC: Preparing the Shaanxi-Qinling Mountains Integrated Ecosystem Management Project (Cofinanced by the Global Environment Facility) Prepared by: ANZDEC Limited Australia For Shaanxi Province Development and Reform Commission This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. FINAL REPORT SHAANXI QINLING BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PREPARED FOR Shaanxi Provincial Government And the Asian Development Bank ANZDEC LIMITED September 2007 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as at 1 June 2007) Currency Unit – Chinese Yuan {CNY}1.00 = US $0.1308 $1.00 = CNY 7.64 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank BAP – Biodiversity Action Plan (of the PRC Government) CAS – Chinese Academy of Sciences CASS – Chinese Academy of Social Sciences CBD – Convention on Biological Diversity CBRC – China Bank Regulatory Commission CDA - Conservation Demonstration Area CNY – Chinese Yuan CO – company CPF – country programming framework CTF – Conservation Trust Fund EA – Executing Agency EFCAs – Ecosystem Function Conservation Areas EIRR – economic internal rate of return EPB – Environmental Protection Bureau EU – European Union FIRR – financial internal rate of return FDI – Foreign Direct Investment FYP – Five-Year Plan FS – Feasibility -
Analysis on Influence of Urban Spatial Pattern Changes on Social Vulnerability
Nature Environment and Pollution Technology ISSN: 0972-6268 Vol. 15 No. 2 pp. 719-725 2016 An International Quarterly Scientific Journal Original Research Paper Analysis on Influence of Urban Spatial Pattern Changes on Social Vulnerability Xia Quan-wei*(**)† and Sun Bai-qing* *School of Economic and Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin-150001, China **Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin-150050, China †Corresponding author: Xia Quan-wei ABSTRACT Nat. Env. & Poll. Tech. Website: www.neptjournal.com This paper studies and analyses the formation and evolution of the urban spatial pattern of Harbin, a waterfront city in northern China. Considering the history and culture of this city, as well as the impetus of modern Received: 12-10-2015 urbanization, and performing Pearson’s correlation analysis it is concluded that the modelled social vulnerability Accepted: 16-11-2015 score and the flood damage in certain periods are highly correlated. The results indicate, 1. that the change Key Words: of spatial pattern and the social vulnerability to disasters are in a high coupling relationship, 2) that the social Urban spatial pattern vulnerability is closely related to the terrain of the disaster source, and the urban civilians, handicraftsmen Social vulnerability and businessmen in Daoli District and Daowai District of the first stage of terrain are the population with the Natural disasters highest social vulnerability, and 3) that there is no apparently time-varying change of socially vulnerable groups. This paper innovates to combine the research on the dynamic change of the urban spatial pattern and the research on social vulnerability, in order to supplement and perfect the assessment system for social vulnerability influencing factors, and to provide reference for the establishment of the social policy as relevant. -
DRAINAGE BASINS of the SEA of OKHOTSK and SEA of JAPAN Chapter 2
60 DRAINAGE BASINS OF THE SEA OF OKHOTSK AND SEA OF JAPAN Chapter 2 SEA OF OKHOTSK AND SEA OF JAPAN 61 62 AMUR RIVER BASIN 66 LAKE XINGKAI/KHANKA 66 TUMEN RIVER BASIN Chapter 2 62 SEA OF OKHOTSK AND SEA OF JAPAN This chapter deals with major transboundary rivers discharging into the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan and their major transboundary tributaries. It also includes lakes located within the basins of these seas. TRANSBOUNDARY WATERS IN THE BASINS OF THE SEA OF OKHOTSK AND THE SEA OF JAPAN1 Basin/sub-basin(s) Total area (km2) Recipient Riparian countries Lakes in the basin Amur 1,855,000 Sea of Okhotsk CN, MN, RU … - Argun 164,000 Amur CN, RU … - Ussuri 193,000 Amur CN, RU Lake Khanka Sujfun 18,300 Sea of Japan CN, RU … Tumen 33,800 Sea of Japan CN, KP, RU … 1 The assessment of water bodies in italics was not included in the present publication. 1 AMUR RIVER BASIN o 55 110o 120o 130o 140o SEA OF Zeya OKHOTSK R U S S I A N Reservoir F E mur D un A E mg Z A e R Ulan Ude Chita y ilka a A a Sh r od T u Ing m n A u I Onon g ya r re A Bu O n e N N Khabarovsk Ulaanbaatar Qiqihar i MONGOLIA a r u u gh s n s o U CHIN A S Lake Khanka N Harbin 45o Sapporo A Suj fu Jilin n Changchun SEA O F P n e JA PA N m Vladivostok A Tu Kilometres Shenyang 0 200 400 600 The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map Ch’ongjin J do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. -
Coal, Water, and Grasslands in the Three Norths
Coal, Water, and Grasslands in the Three Norths August 2019 The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH a non-profit, federally owned enterprise, implementing international cooperation projects and measures in the field of sustainable development on behalf of the German Government, as well as other national and international clients. The German Energy Transition Expertise for China Project, which is funded and commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi), supports the sustainable development of the Chinese energy sector by transferring knowledge and experiences of German energy transition (Energiewende) experts to its partner organisation in China: the China National Renewable Energy Centre (CNREC), a Chinese think tank for advising the National Energy Administration (NEA) on renewable energy policies and the general process of energy transition. CNREC is a part of Energy Research Institute (ERI) of National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC). Contact: Anders Hove Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH China Tayuan Diplomatic Office Building 1-15-1 No. 14, Liangmahe Nanlu, Chaoyang District Beijing 100600 PRC [email protected] www.giz.de/china Table of Contents Executive summary 1 1. The Three Norths region features high water-stress, high coal use, and abundant grasslands 3 1.1 The Three Norths is China’s main base for coal production, coal power and coal chemicals 3 1.2 The Three Norths faces high water stress 6 1.3 Water consumption of the coal industry and irrigation of grassland relatively low 7 1.4 Grassland area and productivity showed several trends during 1980-2015 9 2. -
2009 Vol. 35, No. 4
International Crane Foundation Nonprofit Org E11376 Shady Lane Rd. U.S. Postage P.O. Box 447 PAID Baraboo, WI 53913-0447 LaCrosse, WI www.savingcranes.org Permit No. 25 Address Service Requested Volume 35, Number 4 November 2009 Securing Waters for Cranes, Ourselves, Our World By Rich Beilfuss, Vice President-Programs The International Crane Foundation is a Travel Green destination. www.travelgreenwisconsin.com The Bugle is printed with non-VOC UV inks. Newsletter is also available in electronic format. Our new Cranes of the World T-shirt is available just in time for the gift giving season. The artwork was created by our very own Education Naturalist Darcy Love. These 100% pre-shrunk cotton tees come in LONG sleeved hroughout the world, rivers and their But these magnificent places where cranes and waters sizes S-XL in dark chocolate or forest green or floodplains provide clean drinking water and meet are in trouble. Within our lifetime, the global SHORT sleeved, also in sizes S-XL in indigo support agriculture, fisheries, and other vital population will reach nine billion people, mainly blue or dark chocolate. Price: $24.99 Short Tecosystem services that sustain our livelihoods. They nourish concentrated in urban centers. One billion will suffer from Sleeve or $29.99 Long Sleeve. FREE shipping a remarkable biodiversity of plants and animals. Our most inadequate drinking water, and water shortages for in the Continental U.S. through Jan. 15, 2010. threatened cranes – Siberian, Whooping, Red-crowned, agriculture will threaten food security for many. Political Let the festivities begin… with this 3” Wattled, and others – are intricately dependent on river tensions already loom over the access to water and energy, hand-painted glass ball ornament.