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Taking Stock of Integrated River Basin Management in China Wang Yi, Li

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Taking Stock of Integrated River Basin Management in China Wang Yi, Li Taking Stock of Integrated River Basin Management in China Wang Yi, Li Lifeng Wang Xuejun, Yu Xiubo, Wang Yahua SCIENCE PRESS Beijing, China 2007 ISBN 978-7-03-020439-4 Acknowledgements Implementing integrated river basin management (IRBM) requires complex and systematic efforts over the long term. Although experts, scientists and officials, with backgrounds in different disciplines and working at various national or local levels, are in broad agreement concerning IRBM, many constraints on its implementation remain, particularly in China - a country with thousands of years of water management history, now developing at great pace and faced with a severe water crisis. Successful implementation demands good coordination among various stakeholders and their active and innovative participation. The problems confronted in the general advance of IRBM also pose great challenges to this particular project. Certainly, the successes during implementation of the project subsequent to its launch on 11 April 2007, and the finalization of a series of research reports on The Taking Stockof IRBM in China would not have been possible without the combined efforts and fruitful collaboration of all involved. We wish to express our heartfelt gratitude to each and every one of them. We should first thank Professor and President Chen Yiyu of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, who gave his valuable time and shared valuable knowledge when chairing the work meeting which set out guidelines for research objectives, and also during discussions of the main conclusions of the report. It is with his leadership and kind support that this project came to a successful conclusion. We are grateful to Professor Fu Bojie, Dr. Feng Renguo, and Dr. Huang Tieqing of Bureau of Science and Technology for Resources and Environment, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), whose strong support for the project aided its implementation and contributed to the success of the High-Level Roundtable on IRBM in China organized in June 2007 in Beijing. We particularly wish to thank Professor Sun Honglie from CAS, Professor Wang Hao of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Dr. Edwin D. Ongley and Mr. Murray Chapman for their detailed comments and constructive suggestions concerning revisions to the Synthesis Report. We benefited greatly from their new perspectives and illuminating insights. Our sincere thanks also go to the peer reviewers from various governmental departments, universities, research institutes, and NGOs: Bao Daming, He Xiwu, Lü Xianguo, Ni Jinren, Shen Dajun, Shi Qiuchi, Song Guojun, Wang Shuyi, Wang Zhansheng, Wei Qiwei, Xia Qing, Xu Zikai, and Yang Guowei, for their significant contributions when reviewing the thematic reports. They corrected errors in and improved the structure, content and wording of the reports i We are extremely grateful to all the participants present at the High-level Roundtable on IRBM in China for their valuable comments and policy recommendations concerning the implementation of IRBM. They brought perspectives from a variety of sectors, industries and disciplines. The Roundtable was a fine example of active involvement from stakeholders, identifying the gaps between and collaboration opportunities among us, while simultaneously reinforcing our confidence to move ahead in the promotion of IRBM in China. We also owe special thanks to Mr. Peter Jensen, Ms. Beth Delaney, and Mr. Matt Plaistowe from AusAID, and especially Ms. Gao Ying for her great help in project management and constructive comments during preparation of and revisions to the research reports. Our special thanks also should be given to Professors Wang Yi and Wang Xuejun, Dr. Yu Xiubo, Dr. Wang Yahua, and Dr. Li Lifeng of the WWF IRBM Experts Panel, who were such sterling contributors to the drafting and finalization of the Synthesis Report, working often in their own private time; We thank Dr. Li Lin, Mr. Peter Ramshaw, and Dr. Mark Otter of WWF for their support for this project. Dr. Li Lifeng deserves special mention; as project supervisor, he developed the proposal, formed and coordinated the WWF IRBM Expert Panel, jointly drafted and finalized the Synthesis Report with other colleagues, and delivered the project in a narrow timeframe. We are grateful to the secretariats of the Expert Panel and the Roundtable, in particular Dr. Yu Xiubo, Mr. Ma Chaode, Mr. Pan Mingqi, Dr. Chen Shaofeng, and Miss Li Li, for their coordination and organization work on both the project and the Roundtable; also Mr. Li Yong, Mr. Lai Pengfei, Mr. Zhu Zengxin, Ms. Lin Yingting, and Mr. Jim Weldon for their help in translating and editing the Synthesis Report. Finally, we wish to acknowledge the outstanding contribution of the members of the Expert Panel and specialists in thematic research, who worked so hard to achieve such an excellent outcome in such a limited time. Nevertheless, we remain aware that China still has a long road ahead to achieve full implementation of IRBM, and many issues remained for the various stakeholders to explore and resolve together. Hopefully, the achievements to date will serve as a basis for future cooperation and experiment in how best to contribute to the sustainable development of river basins in China. Dermot O’Gorman Country Representative of WWF China Programme September 2007 ii Acronyms ADB Asian Development Bank AusAID Australian Agency for International Development CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CAS Chinese Academy of Sciences CAE Chinese Academy of Engineering CCICED China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development COD Chemical Oxygen Demand DFID Department for International Development (UK) EU European Union GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF Global Environment Facility GONGO Government-Operated Non-Governmental Organization GWP Global Water Partnership IRBM Integrated River Basin Management IUCN The World Conservation Union IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MLR Ministry of Land and Resources MOA Ministry of Agriculture MOC Ministry of Construction MOE Ministry of Education MOFCOM Ministry of Commerce MOST Ministry of Science and Technology MWR Ministry of Water Resources NDRC National Development and Reform Commission NGO Non-Governmental Organization NPC National People’s Congress NSFC National Natural Science Foundation of China PPP Public-Private Partnership R&D Research and Development SEPA State Environmental Protection Administration SFA State Forestry Administration TNC The Nature Conservancy UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNDP United Nations Development Programme WWF World Wide Fund for Nature iii Executive Summary In both antiquity and modern times China has seen substantial achievements in river basin management. In developing a system for water control and management, practitioners have accumulated rich experience in flood control, irrigation, water conservancy and river basin management policy over millennia. Many of these historical facilities and management practices are still in use. The modern era has seen laws and policies developed concerning to water, which in combination with greater economic and technical resources may form part of a solid foundation for the sustainable development of China’s river basins. The three most pressing basin-wide water issues in recent years here have been water pollution, water shortages and degradation of the aquatic ecology. These issues manifest most typically as mixed water pollution and its transfer within a river basin, general water shortages and unsafe drinking water, and ecological damage and economic losses caused by water infrastructure and hydropower development. Global warming has made these challenges still more severe and introduced further uncertainties and risks for the future and they, in particular water pollution, are becoming a major obstacle to China's sustainable growth. Integrated river basin management (IRBM) is a process of coordinating the management and development of water, land, biological and other resources within a river basin, so as to maximize economic and social benefits in an equitable way while at the same time conserving freshwater ecosystems, species and services for human being. This report introduces the status of river basin management, analyses the constraints, and provides recommendations and action plans for implementing IRBM, mitigating basin-level problems and ultimately achieving the water-related objectives listed in the National Eleventh-Five-Year Plan (2006-2010). Integrated management should be adopted to safeguard the health of rivers and promote sustainable development of river basins Stability and integrity of river ecosystems are preconditions for rivers to fulfil their ecological functions. A river retains its unique characteristics and provides diverse ecosystem services through a series of hydrological, physical, chemical and biological processes. A stable and intact river ecosystem structure is thus a fundamental guarantee that the river will function well for human welfare. A systematic solution to water issues must be constructed on the basis that a river basin is considered as a geographical unit, with full consideration given to water issues on the river's upper and lower reaches, left and right banks, main stream and tributaries, surface water and underground water, and that ecological functions are an integral part of a living river system. The diverse functions that a river serves call for diversity in targets set for river basin management.
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