La Distruzione Di Villa Ludovisi the Destruction of Villa Ludovisi

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La Distruzione Di Villa Ludovisi the Destruction of Villa Ludovisi LA TERZA ROMA OPERAIA: IL QUARTIERE SAN LORENZO THE THIRD, WORKING CLASS ROME: THE SAN LORENZO NEIGHBOURHOOD La zona extraurbana compresa tra la Via inurbati che non potevano trovare alloggio The suburban area bounded by Via labourers newly arrived to the city, who Nomentana a nord e la Via Prenestina a all’interno delle mura, nella città Nomentana to the north and Via could not find housing inside the city walls, sud non aveva mai interessato le famiglie “borghese” che contribuivano a Prenestina to the south was never of much in the “bourgeois” city that they were nobili romane; definita vigna era in gran costruire. La tipologia edilizia è quella della interest to the noble families of Rome; helping construct. The building typology parte proprietà di enti ecclesiastici. case a ringhiera: con abitazioni prive di called the vigna, it was largely owned by was balcony access blocks: with flats that La presenza del cimitero del Verano e il acqua corrente e servizi igienici elementari, religious bodies. had no sewage system, kitchens, or running diffiie collgmno cn i centr “ cesso alla turca” in comune sul ballatoio; The presence of the Verano Cemetery and water, and instead of toilets had a shared facevano di San Lorenzo un’area assenza di rete fognaria e cucina. lack of an easy connection to the city squat toilet along the access balcony. extraurbana di poco pregio confrontata Il degrado e le condizioni igieniche erano centre made San Lorenzo a suburb of little The decay and sanitary conditions were con Prati di Castello o il quartiere Ludovisi. terribili, nel 1883 è in atto una pandemia di value compared to Prati di Castello or terrible. In 1883, there was a pandemic of Con l’abolizione dell’asse ecclesiastico nel “febbre gialla” che sfocia nell’estate del Ludovisi neighbourhoods. yellow fever, which was followed by a 1873, gli enti religiosi persero la loro 1886 in un’epidemia di colera. In 1873, with the abolition of religious cholera epidemic in 1886. posizione di forza contrattuale e si Le parole di Sibilla Aleramo, che si recò a incorporations and confiscation of their The words of Sibilla Aleramo, who trovarono a vendere i terreni per somme San Lorenzo durante il suo soggiorno nel goods, religious bodies lost their bargaining travelled to San Lorenzo during her stay in esigue ai vecchi enfiteuti che a loro volta li 1899, sono testimonianza di una realtà power and had to sell their lands at Rome in 1899, are testimony to an cedettero a imprenditori sostenuti infernale “…e negli anditi dei portoni già si meagre prices to the previous tenants infernal reality: “…Then you entered a finanziariamente dalle banche tra cui obliava il sole; si salivano delle scale, whom, in their turn, surrendered the doorway and instantly the sun was emergeva la Banca Tiberina. Ma l’Unità chiazzate d’acqua, buie, e ai lati dei lands to entrepreneurs backed financially forgotten; mounting the steps, dark, and d’Italia con il conseguente aumento di pianerottoli s’aprivano corridoi neri, e da by banks, including the emerging Banca reeking with moisture, you came to abitanti caratterizzato dallo spostamento questi uscivano donne scarmigliate, il seno Tiberina. However, the Unification of Italy, landings from either side of which stretched di un numero crescente di immigrati dalle mal coperto da camicie sudicie,lo which led to a growth in Rome’s long, black passage-ways; unkempt campagne in ricerca di un alloggio, sguardo ostile…e dalle stanze spalancate inhabitants defined by the arrival of an women appeared in soiled, loose rendeva il futuro San Lorenzo un suburbio esalavano odori insopportabili, e dall’intero increasing number of migrants from the garments, open at the breast, and with a appetibile. casamento, in basso, in alto, uscivano strilli, countryside in search of housing, made the hostile expression on their faces. … and, La destinazione di queste nuove aree lamenti, richiami…” (1) future San Lorenzo a desirable suburb. from the half-open doors, issued edificabili, non contemplata da nessun These new buildable areas, not foreseen by intolerable smells, and from the entire piano regolatore, venne destinata ad 1)Sibilla Aleramo “Una donna” Feltrinelli I ballatoi di Palazzo Lamperini, via Tiburtina angolo via degli Ausoni. 1886. Da I.R.B.S Interno dell’edificio a Via delle Mura Labicane. 1885. Da “San Lorenzo” any urban development plan, were building, from cellar to garret, cries, groans, abitazioni per il nuovo proletariato urbano; 2013 pag. 106 “San Lorenzo” Mario Sanfilippo – Roma 2003 Mario Sanfilippo – Roma 2003 destined to provide housing for the new upbraidings…” (1) una pura speculazione fondiaria che The balconies of Palazzo Lamperini, Via Tiburtina intersection with Via degli I.R.B.S. (Istituto Romano Beni Stabili) Interior of the building on Via delle Mura urban working class. Pure real estate Ausoni. 1886. From “San Lorenzo” Labicane. 1885. From “San Lorenzo” vedeva l’edificazione di “palazzoni”, by Mario Sanfilippo – Rome 2003 by Mario Sanfilippo – Rome 2003 speculation led to the construction of 1) Sibilla Aleramo, “A Woman at Bay (Una costruiti con materiali scadenti, per quei “tower blocks” using low-quality materials Donna)”, translation Maria H. Lansdale, G.P. ceti subalterni, in maggioranza ex for these lower classes, composed mostly of Putnam’s Sons, 1908, pg. 253 contadini e braccianti ex-farmers and farm LA DISTRUZIONE DI VILLA LUDOVISI THE DESTRUCTION OF VILLA LUDOVISI “…io credo che se si fosse domandato la Spithover nell’area di Via Boncompagni, “…Indeed, I believe that if in regard to the Along with the most distinguished “victim” quale era il più bel giardino del mondo, la Perucchi fuori Porta Pinciana. whole earth the question had been put, of Villa Ludovisi, Rome saw the coloro che conoscevano Roma avrebbero L’ampliamento della città sulla villa ‘Which is the most beautiful garden?’ the disappearance of Villa Massimo from the risposto senza esitare: Villa Ludovisi…” (1) Ludovisi non era neanche contemplato dai answer, from all those who had ever known Sallustio Gardens, Villa Spithover from Via Il più “bel giardino del mondo”, ricordato piani regolatori del 1873 e del 1883, ma nel Rome, would instantly have been, ‘The Villa Boncompagni, and Villa Perucchi from da tanti scrittori e poeti, da Henry James a 1886 il Consiglio Comunale deliberò che Ludovisi’…” (1) outside Porta Pinciana. Nicolaj Gogol, iniziò ad essere lottizzato nel l’apertura delle vie Veneto e Boncompagni The “most beautiful garden… [on] the Expansion of the city onto the land 1883, alla morte di Antonio III Ludovisi, dai rispondeva ad interessi di pubblica utilità. whole earth” noted by many writers and belonging to Villa Ludovisi was not even suoi due figli Rodolfo e Ignazio. La destinazione delle nuove abitazioni di poets, from Henry James to Nikolai Gogol, considered by urban development plans of Dei 247.000 metri quadrati ben 240.000 questo quartiere interessavano l’alta began to be lotted up in 1883, following 1873 and 1883. However, in 1886, the City vennero venduti alla Generale Immobiliare, borghesia, e questo the death of Antonio (III) Boncompagni Council resolved that the opening of Via costituita in determinò la presenza di palazzine di soli Ludovisi, by his sons Rodolfo and Ignazio. Veneto and Via Boncompagni responded maggioranza da capitali provenienti da tre o quattro piani circondate di verde. Of the 247,000 square meters, as many as to public utility needs. ambienti cattolici. La speculazione edilizia La maggior parte degli edifici costruiti nel 240, 000 square meters were sold to Società The new housing in this neighbourhood Villa Ludovisi. Un viale del parco con veduta delle Mura Aureliane. 1885. Generale Immobiliare (General Company was intended for the upper middle classes, trovò appoggio nel 1880 nell’Unione rione Ludovisi sono datati tra il 1888 e il 1889 Villa Ludovisi. Park alley with a view of the Aurelian Wall. 1885. Romana, che rappresentava gli e spiccano per of Real Estate), which was funded largely which resulted in the construction of small interessi del Vaticano e che riuscì ad ricercatezza architettonica il villino Folchi di by capital coming from Catholic sources. In blocks of flats, just three or four stories high, ottenere il controllo dell’Amministrazione Giovan Battista Giovenale, del 1895, che 1880, real estate speculation found surrounded by greenery. Capitolina nel momento in cui il riecheggia la decorazione settecentesca backing from Unione Romana, which Most of the buildings constructed in the Parlamento votava gli stanziamenti per le e il villino Florio di Ernesto Basile, del 1902, represented Vatican interests and was able Ludovisi neighbourhood date back to costruzioni edilizie a Roma. esempio precoce di citazioni to gain influence over the Capitoline between 1888 and 1889. Among them, A nulla valsero le proteste dei giornali, tra medievaleggianti. Administration through mayor Leopoldo Giovanni Battista Giovenale’s Villino Folchi, cui si distinse “ Il Messaggero”, o le lettere Torlonia, at a time when the Parliament was dating to 1895, which recalls the 18th inviate dagli intellettuali del tempo, come voting on allocation of funds for century decorative style, and Ernesto 1) Hermann Grimm „ La distruzione di construction projects in Rome. Basile’s Villino Florio, dating to 1902, an quella di Ferdinand Gregorovius al Roma“ Firenze 1886 Presidente dell’Accademia di S. Luca, Protests by newspapers, among which “Il early example of Medieval revival Andrea Busiri-Vici. Messaggero” stood out in particular, and architecture, stand out in the refinement of Insieme alla “vittima” più illustre della Villa letters sent to Andrea Busiri-Vici, the their architectural details. Ludovisi scomparvero la Villa Massimo agli president of the Academy of St. Luke, by Orti di Sallustio, intellectuals of the time, such as Ferdinand 1) Herman Grimm, “The Destruction of Gregorovius, had no effect. Rome”, Translation by Sarah Holland Adams, 1886, pg.
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