DOCSLIB.ORG

Intermodal Rad-Rail Transport Business Models in Sweden and Germany

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Intermodal Rad-Rail Transport Business Models in Sweden and Germany Master Degree Project in Logistics and Transport Management Intermodal Rad-rail Transport Business Models in Sweden and Germany A comparison of an intermodal transport company in the two markets Daniel Jelcic and Karolis Vizgaitis Supervisor: Jonas Flodén Master Degree Project No. 2014:55 Graduate School Abstract The thesis investigated how the intermodal rail-road transport business model is influenced by external factors in two countries. For the analysis TX Logistik was chosen as an illustrative case and its business models in Germany and Sweden were examined. The competition with intermodal companies and trucking, policy and society, infrastructure and innovation, and demand were taken into account as external factors. After conduction of two interviews with TX Logistik representatives from Sweden and Germany, the description and analysis of TX Logistik business model in these two countries were made, according to Osterwalder’s business model’s canvas. It was identified that the company uses a subcontractor business model. The comparison of the German and Swedish intermodal transport markets in terms of the mentioned external factors was also done. Finally, the business models’ adaptations in the German and Swedish markets were analyzed. It was found out that the policy, demand and intramodal competition influenced the strategy and, consequently, the business models, significantly. However, there are some areas for improvement. The company should establish partnerships with other institutions in order to achieve promising innovations for the reduction of transport time. This would improve the value proposition and strengthen a competitive position against all-road transport. The governments, on other hand, should review their policy regarding regulation, certification and also fees for the usage of infrastructure. Keywords Intermodal Freight Transport, Business Models, Osterwalder, External Factors, Deregulation, Rail Freight Transport, TX Logistik, Germany, Sweden ii Acknowledgements This report is the result of our master thesis that we completed during our last semester at the School of Business, Economics and Law – University of Gothenburg. The researchers would like to acknowledge everyone who has contributed with knowledge and personal experience in order for this thesis to be written. Firstly, the researchers would like to thank our supervisor, Johan Flodén, for the feedback and help given throughout the process. Also, a gratitude to Johan Woxenius at the School of Business, Economics and Law – University of Gothenburg, who took his time to help us. Second of all, the researchers are grateful for TX Logistik’s participation and their corporation throughout the thesis. Huge thanks to Thomas Andersson, Jörg Nowaczyk and Per Zachrisson. Finally, the researchers would like to express appreciation to their families and girlfriends for their encouraging and help during the project. Without the help from abovementioned people, this thesis would not have been possible to write. Gothenburg, 5th of June 2014 ___________________ ____________________ Daniel Jelcic Karolis Vizgaitis iii Abbreviations 3PL Third Party Logistics AEG Germany’s National Railway Act B2B Business to Business B2C Business to Consumer BNetzA Federal Network Agency CRM Customer Relationship Manegement DB Deutsche Bahn EBA The Federal Railway Authority in Germany ECTS European Train Control System ERTMS Europe Rail Traffic Management System ESR Europe Shippers Railway EU European Union GDP General Domestic Product ICT Information and communication technology IT Information technology LSP Logistics Service Provider LTL Less-than-truckload SJ Swedish State Railways STP Specific Transmission Module TEU Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit TCE Transaction Cost Economies Trafikverket Swedish Transport Administration Transportstyrelsen Swedish Transport Agency TL Truck load TX TX Logistik USA United States of America UK United Kingdom iv Table of Contents 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Deregulation ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem Description ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Purpose .......................................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Research Questions ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.5 Delimitations ................................................................................................................................. 3 1.6 Disposition ..................................................................................................................................... 3 2 Theoretical Framework ........................................................................................................................ 5 2.1 The Interpretation and Key Characteristics of Models ................................................................. 5 2.2 Models of Transport ...................................................................................................................... 7 2.3 Business Model Concept ............................................................................................................... 7 2.4 Business Model and the Strategy .................................................................................................. 9 2.5 Business Model Lifecycle ............................................................................................................. 10 2.6 Business Models’ Environment and Usage ................................................................................. 10 2.7 Business Models’ Comparison to Scientific Models and Recipes ................................................ 11 2.8 Osterwalder’s Business Model .................................................................................................... 12 2.8.1 The Nine Building Blocks ...................................................................................................... 12 2.8.2 Pillar 1: Product .................................................................................................................... 13 2.8.3 Pillar 2: Customer Interface .................................................................................................. 15 2.8.4 Pillar 3: Infrastructure Management .................................................................................... 17 2.8.5 Pillar 4: Financial Aspects ..................................................................................................... 18 2.9 Intermodal Transport in the Literature ....................................................................................... 19 2.10 External Factors ......................................................................................................................... 19 2.10.1 Railway Market Deregulation and Competition ................................................................. 20 2.10.2 Policy and Society as External Factors ................................................................................ 21 2.10.3 Innovation and Infrastructure as External Factors ............................................................. 23 2.10.4 Demand as External Factor .................................................................................................... 24 2.10.5 Truck and Rail Competition ................................................................................................ 25 2.11 Intermodal Rail-Road Business Models ..................................................................................... 26 2.11.1 Operator-3PL Model ........................................................................................................... 27 2.11.2 Anchor Customer Model .................................................................................................... 28 2.11.3 Agent Model ....................................................................................................................... 28 v 2.11.4 3PL Model ........................................................................................................................... 29 2.11.5 The Subcontractor Model................................................................................................... 29 2.11.6 The Complete Transport Company Model ......................................................................... 30 2.11.7 The Own Account Transport Model ................................................................................... 31 2.11.8 The Local Cooperation Model ............................................................................................ 31 3 Methodology ...................................................................................................................................... 33 3.1 Research Strategy ........................................................................................................................ 33 3.2 Research Design .........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Maritime Supply Chain Sustainability: South-East Finland Case Study
    Lähdeaho et al. Journal of Shipping and Trade (2020) 5:16 Journal of Shipping https://doi.org/10.1186/s41072-020-00073-z and Trade ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access Maritime supply chain sustainability: South- East Finland case study Oskari Lähdeaho1*, Olli-Pekka Hilmola1,2 and Riitta Kajatkari3 * Correspondence: oskari.lahdeaho@ lut.fi Abstract The article processing charge for this manuscript is supported by Emphasis on sustainability practices is growing globally in the shipping industry due China Merchants Energy Shipping. to regulations on emissions from transportation as well as increasing customer 1Kouvola Unit, LUT University, demand for sustainability. This research aims to shed light on the environmental Prikaatintie 9, FIN-45100 Kouvola, Finland sustainability of companies involved in maritime logistics at the major Finnish Full list of author information is seaport, HaminaKotka. This seaport is a part of International Maritime Organization’s available at the end of the article (IMO) Baltic and North Sea emission control area, with special emission-reducing measures contributing directly to United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by mitigating negative impacts of industrial activity on environment and climate change. Two semi-structured interviews with companies at HaminaKotka were carried out to construct a case study examining the sustainability challenges at hand. In addition, experience of one of the authors in a managerial position at the studied seaport complex, as well as the sustainability communications of the companies situated in the area were used to support the findings. The companies improve environmental sustainability by using multimodal transport chains, alternative fuels in the transports, and environmental sustainability demands towards their partners.
    [Show full text]
  • COMMISSION of the EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Brussels, 7.8.2003
    COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Brussels, 7.8.2003 SEC(2003) 849 COMMISSION STAFF WORKING PAPER ANNEXES TO the TEN Annual Report for the Year 2001 {COM(2003) 442 final} COMMISSION STAFF WORKING PAPER ANNEXES TO the TEN Annual Report for the Year 2001 Data and Factsheets The present Commission Staff Working Paper is intended to complementing the Trans- European Networks (TEN) Annual Report for the Year 2001 (COM(2002)344 final. It consists of ten annexes, each covering a particular information area, and providing extensive information and data reference on the implementation and financing of the TEN for Energy, Transport and Telecommunications. 2 INDEX Pages Annex I : List of abbreviations .....................................................................................................4 Annex II : Information on TEN-T Priority Projects ......................................................................6 Annex III : Community financial support for Trans-European Network Projects in the energy sector during the period from 1995 to 2001 (from the TEN-energy budget line) ......24 Annex IV Progress achieved on specific TEN-ISDN / Telecom projects from 1997 to 2001....36 Annex V: Community financial support in 2001 for the co-financing of actions related to Trans-European Network Projects in the energy sector .............................................58 Annex VI : TEN-Telecom projects financed in 2001 following the 2001 call for proposals .......61 Annex VII : TEN-T Projects/Studies financed in 2001 under Regulation 2236/95
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2010 Report Annual Svevia Content
    Svevia Annual Report 2010 Content Svevia in figures 1 Comments from the CEO 2 Vision, goals and strategies 4 Business world and the market 6 Annual Report 2010 Core operation — road management 8 and maintenance Core operation — civil engineering 10 Strategic specialty operations 12 Organisation 14 Control for higher profitability 16 Svevia’s sustainability report 18 Corporate Governance Report 32 Board of Directors and management 36 Financial reports 38 Administration report 39 More information about Svevia 80 Own path Svevia Box 4018 SE-171 04 Solna Sweden www.svevia.se Svevia Annual Report 2010 Contents Svevia in figures 1 Comments from the CEO 2 Vision, goals and strategies 4 Business world and the market 6 Annual Report 2010 Core operation — road management 8 and maintenance Core operation — civil engineering 10 Strategic specialty operations 12 Organisation 14 Control for higher profitability 16 Svevia’s sustainability report 18 Corporate Governance Report 32 Board of Directors and management 36 Financial reports 38 Administration report 39 More information about Svevia 80 Own path Svevia Box 4018 SE-171 04 Solna Sweden www.svevia.se This is Svevia Leading in infrastructure Addresses Solna Head office Regional Office, Central Svevia Box 4018 SE-171 04 Solna Visit address: Hemvärnsgatan 15 Tel: +46 (0(8-404 10 00 Fax: +46 (0(8-404 10 50 Own path Reliability and consideration Attractive workplace Svevia is a company that has chosen its own Svevia is the reliable and considerate contrac- Svevia aims to be an exemplary employer Umeå path. We focus on building and maintaining ting company that dares to be innovative.
    [Show full text]
  • The Status, Characteristics and Potential of SMART SPECIALISATION in Nordic Regions
    The status, characteristics and potential of SMART SPECIALISATION in Nordic Regions By Mari Wøien, Iryna Kristensen and Jukka Teräs NORDREGIO REPORT 2019:3 nordregio report 2019:3 1 The status, characteristics and potential of SMART SPECIALISATION in Nordic Regions By Mari Wøien, Iryna Kristensen and Jukka Teräs NORDREGIO REPORT 2019:3 Prepared on behalf of the Nordic Thematic Group for Innovative and Resilient Regions 2017–2020, under the Nordic Council of Ministers Committee of Civil Servants for Regional Affairs. The status, characteristics and potential of smart specialisation in Nordic Regions Nordregio Report 2019:3 ISBN 978-91-87295-67-6 ISSN 1403-2503 DOI: doi.org/10.30689/R2019:3.1403-2503 © Nordregio 2019 Nordregio P.O. Box 1658 SE-111 86 Stockholm, Sweden [email protected] www.nordregio.org www.norden.org Analyses and text: Mari Wøien, Iryna Kristensen and Jukka Teräs Contributors: Ágúst Bogason, Eeva Turunen, Laura Fagerlund, Tuulia Rinne and Viktor Salenius, Nordregio. Cover: Taneli Lahtinen Nordregio is a leading Nordic and European research centre for regional development and planning, established by the Nordic Council of Ministers in 1997. We conduct solution-oriented and applied research, addressing current issues from both a research perspective and the viewpoint of policymakers and practitioners. Operating at the international, national, regional and local levels, Nordregio’s research covers a wide geographic scope, with an emphasis on the Nordic and Baltic Sea Regions, Europe and the Arctic. The Nordic co-operation Nordic co-operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland.
    [Show full text]
  • Helsinki - Vaalimaa
    TUAS data collection: Corridor 1, E18 Finland Turku/Naantali – Helsinki - Vaalimaa [WP3 Technical solutions along the corridors: GoA 2020] Author: Harri Heikkinen, TUAS Published: March, 2020. Figure 1: [Intelligent traffic sign on E18 Turku-Helsinki. (Tieyhtiö ykköstie 2016.)] TUAS data collection: Corridor 1, E18 Finland Turku/Naantali – Helsinki - Vaalimaa WP3 Technical solutions along the corridors By Harri Heikkinen, TUAS Copyright: Reproduction of this publication in whole or in part must include the customary bibliographic citation, including author attribution, report title, etc. Cover photo: MML, Esri Finland Published by: Turku University of Applied Sciences The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of BALTIC LOOP partnership and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Contents [WP3 Technical solutions along the corridors: GoA 2020] .......................................... 1 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 2. Corridor description and segments ...................................................................... 2 3. Data collection by type and source .................................................................... 11 4. Conclusions, analysis and recommendations of further research. ..................... 20 References ............................................................................................................ 22 WP3 Technical solutions along the 03/2020 corridors / GoA 2020
    [Show full text]
  • SPEEDLINES, HSIPR Committee, Issue
    High-Speed Intercity Passenger Rail SPEEDLINES JULY 2017 ISSUE #21 2 CONTENTS SPEEDLINES MAGAZINE 3 HSIPR COMMITTEE CHAIR LETTER 5 APTA’S HS&IPR ROI STUDY Planes, trains, and automobiles may have carried us through the 7 VIRGINIA VIEW 20th century, but these days, the future buzz is magnetic levitation, autonomous vehicles, skytran, jet- 10 AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES packs, and zip lines that fit in a backpack. 15 MAGLEV » p.15 18 HYPERLOOP On the front cover: Futuristic visions of transport systems are unlikely to 20 SPOTLIGHT solve our current challenges, it’s always good to dream. Technology promises cleaner transportation systems for busy metropolitan cities where residents don’t have 21 CASCADE CORRIDOR much time to spend in traffic jams. 23 USDOT FUNDING TO CALTRAINS CHAIR: ANNA BARRY VICE CHAIR: AL ENGEL SECRETARY: JENNIFER BERGENER OFFICER AT LARGE: DAVID CAMERON 25 APTA’S 2017 HSIPR CONFERENCE IMMEDIATE PAST CHAIR: PETER GERTLER EDITOR: WENDY WENNER PUBLISHER: AL ENGEL 29 LEGISLATIVE OUTLOOK ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER: KENNETH SISLAK ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER: ERIC PETERSON LAYOUT DESIGNER: WENDY WENNER 31 NY PENN STATION RENEWAL © 2011-2017 APTA - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED SPEEDLINES is published in cooperation with: 32 GATEWAY PROGRAM AMERICAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ASSOCIATION 1300 I Street NW, Suite 1200 East Washington, DC 20005 35 INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS “The purpose of SPEEDLINES is to keep our members and friends apprised of the high performance passenger rail envi- ronment by covering project and technology developments domestically and globally, along with policy/financing break- throughs. Opinions expressed represent the views of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the views of APTA nor its High-Speed and Intercity Passenger Rail Committee.” 4 Dear HS&IPR Committee & Friends : I am pleased to continue to the newest issue of our Committee publication, the acclaimed SPEEDLINES.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 5 Global PPP Equity Transactions
    PPP Wealth Machine: UK and Global trends in trading project ownership Appendix 5 Global PPP equity transactions 1998-2012* Owner Asset No Sold to % Price Profit Source of share paid /loss PPP stake m sold Republic of Ireland 2010 €m National Toll East Link Toll Bridge, 2 Dutch Infrastructure n/a 50.0 n/a NTR Press Roads Limited Dublin Fund ll 30/09/2010 (NTR plc) Dundalk Western n/a bypass National Toll North-Link (Dundalk), 3 Egis Projects n/a n/a n/a NTR Press Roads Limited South-Link (Waterford) (France) 30/09/2010 (NTR plc) Mid-Link (Portlaoise) 2007 1/2007 Hochtief Cork School of Music 1 Hochtief joint 49.0 n/a n/a Hochtief AR 2007 PPP Schools venture with PFI p31 Capital Ltd Infrastructure PFI Infrastructure Company Co. RNS 18/01/2007 PFI Infrastructure Co. Interim 07/03/2007 National Toll West-Link Toll 1 Government’s 100.0 488.0 n/a NTR Press Roads (NTR plc) National Roads 06/06/2007 Authority 2006 Jarvis plc Grouped Schools Pilot 1 Secondary Market n/a n/a n/a SMIF.com PPP Project Infrastructure Fund accessed and Barclays Bank 08/06/2006 2/5/2006 Cork Maritime College 1 Lend Lease joint 50/50 n/a n/a Lend Lease Lend Lease venture with Bank of equali Corporation Press Corporation & Scotland sation 04/05/2006 Bank of Scotland of Lend Lease equity Corporation AR in 2006 p26 project n/a 5 schools 1 Hochtief PPP 50.0 n/a n/a Hochtief AR 2006 Solutions p24 Continental Europe 2012 €m Skanska Finland: E18 highway 1 50%/50% between n/a 19.0 n/a Skanska Press – Muuria to Skanska pension 30/11/2012 Lohjanharju fund: Trean Allmanna Pensionsstiftelse
    [Show full text]
  • Automotive Innovation Camp
    Automotive innovation camp Race4Scale 2021 Business case “Intelligent transport systems” Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SPbGASU) Expert board: . Solodkiy Alexander Ivanovich, Head of the Department of Transport Systems . Chernykh Natalya Vladimirovna, Senior Lecturer, Department of Transport Systems Age group: students of secondary professional education Creation of an intelligent transport system on the "Scandinavia" road section . Highway A-181 (E-18) "Scandinavia" is a section of the road connecting Russia with Finland. The road passes through St. Petersburg, Vyborg, and ends at the Torfyanovka checkpoint. Refers to state highways of federal importance. A-181 is part of one of the main routes of the General international Asian network - AH8 - from the border of Finland to Iran; and the European route E18, which combines motorways with sea traffic information from Northern Ireland to St. Petersburg. about the . The road was built according to the standards of the II category and had only 2 traffic lanes with a width of 3.75 m each, many intersections at business case one level. Since the beginning of the 2000s, the traffic intensity on the A- 181 "Scandinavia" highway has increased 3 times. The road has ceased to cope with the flow of vehicles and there is a need for its reconstruction. Due to a large number of trucks, the lack of dividers, low light on the road, tragic accidents regularly occur. Residents called the route "the road of death". Creation of an intelligent transport system on the "Scandinavia" road section The reconstruction of the road began at the beginning of 2015 on the section from 44 to 65 km.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Tilburg, Tilburg Law School LL.M. in International Business Law 2017/2018
    University of Tilburg, Tilburg Law School LL.M. in International Business Law 2017/2018 THE DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS AND THE 2018 LAW REFORM IN FINLAND LL.M. Thesis TIMO ANTERO SAARINEN ANR. 2009890 June 11, 2018 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Joseph A. McCahery J.D. LL.M. Thesis THE DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS AND THE 2018 LAW REFORM IN FINLAND Timo Antero Saarinen University of Tilburg, Tilburg Law School LLM in International Business Law Programme Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude for Prof. Dr. Joseph A. McCahery J.D. for introducing me to the discipline of PPPs and project finance, and for acting as inspiring and encouraging thesis supervisor as one can only hope for. To my Family II ABSTRACT Until recently, infrastructure projects in Finland were managed by means of a conventional procurement model structured across the entire life-cycle of the project. In 2017, the Finnish government enacted government draft HE 155/2017 vp which allowed the use of public-private partnerships with collaborations with private parties in infrastructure projects (other than public highways and roads). In this thesis, I provide an examination of the new legal rules and regulations under the new regime. I demonstrate that the legislative changes fall short of the requirements for establishing a successful PPP model in Finland. Based on this account along with industry evidence from interviews, I conclude that HE 155/2017 vp provides a promising new way for PPP project. Finally, I provide a set of suggestions and recommendations to address some of the problems and limitations of the new legislation.
    [Show full text]
  • PE1657/Y North Channel Partnership (Dumfries and Galloway Council and Mid and East Antrim Council) Submission of 3 February 2021
    PE1657/Y North Channel Partnership (Dumfries and Galloway Council and Mid and East Antrim Council) submission of 3 February 2021 The North Channel Partnership was re-established in January 2020 by Mid & East Antrim Borough Council and Dumfries & Galloway Council. The two Councils signed a terms of agreement document with seven objectives: • adopt strategic policy and lobbying positions on projects of mutual interest to both Councils • work jointly on shared economic, tourism, heritage and cultural projects which provide defined and measured benefits for the respective areas. • identify and attract funding for joint projects which positively impact on the economy of both regions • strengthen the historic links and strong relationships between the respective Council regions • share best practice on the development of policy, the economy, tourism culture and heritage • identify and prioritise those activities which can create an immediate positive impact on the economy • raise the economic profile of both regions The ports and north channel crossing are important areas for the Partnership. The Partnership is working with a range of key stakeholders, including ferry companies, to progress a number of common interests, including those of ports and the associated infrastructure. The significance of the need to upgrade the A75 and A77 routes was highlighted by both Councils in their submissions to the recent UK Union Connectivity Review. The A75 and A77 roads on the Scottish side of the North Channel, to and from Cairnryan Port, are amongst Scotland’s busiest trunk roads. The roads have a number of difficulties, including safety concerns, a lack of facilities, and longer journey times compared to competitor ports.
    [Show full text]
  • Logistics Market Report 2017
    Logistics Market Report 2017 Greater Oslo Area Colliers international Logistic Market report 2017 The current market situation is that the appetite The vacancy rate within this market has fallen Summary from both domestic and foreign investors further and is currently just above 8 %. The regarding this sector is huge. The transaction decrease of approximately 2 percentage points volume thus far this year, also suggests that it will is significant and not surprising. A considerable surpass the strong years of 2014, 2015 and 2016 amount of old obsolete stock is removed from the in terms of both volume and share of transaction market, either for conversion or it is not actively total. The attractiveness of the logistics market is marketed any longer. While the vacancy rates This is the third annual Logistics report provided by boosted by long leases and single tenants which has decreased, it is important to note that there Colliers International on the Greater Oslo logistics is both highly desirable amongst most investors are several possible new developments currently in this day in age. Our projection is however that being actively marketed which is not included in market. In that timeframe, we have seen the prime the yield has slowly started to bottom out and the vacancy rate. yield for the logistics sector drop from 6 % to 5 %, we do not foresee such a sharp decrease in the yield level for our 2018 report. A 5 % yield in the Aleksander Gukild significantly more compared to both the office and logistics market is also quite the barrier and we Head of Research retail sectors´ yield development in the same time remain hesitant to suggest that this barrier will MOB +47 92 61 53 38 be broken for the duration of 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • European Public-Private Partnership Transport Market September 2017 European Public-Private Partnership Transport Market
    European Public-Private Partnership transport market September 2017 European Public-Private Partnership transport market Directors Javier Parada Partner in charge of the Infrastructure Industry, Spain Miguel Laserna Directing Partner of Financial Advisory- Infrastructures Coordinated by Karolina Anna Mlodzik Kate McCarthy Published by Deloitte University EMEA CVBA Contact Infrastructure Department Deloitte Madrid Torre Picasso - Plaza Pablo Ruiz Picasso 1, 28020 Madrid, Spain +34 91514 5000 www.deloitte.es September 2017 2 September 2017 Contents INTRODUCTION 5 1. OVERVIEW 1.1. The transport infrastructure gap 6 1.2. 2016 European PPP transport market 9 1.2.1.European greenfield PPP transactions that reached financial close in 2016 9 1.2.2. European greenfield PPP transport projects with a preferred proponent announced in 2016 14 1.2.3. European greenfield PPP transport projects with a pre-qualified or shortlisted proponent in 2016 16 1.2.4. European PPP transport refinancings in 2016 16 1.2.5. European PPP transport M&A transactions in 2016 19 1.3. Conclusions 22 2. THE MAIN PLAYERS 2.1. Top 35 ranking 24 2.2. Main players’ current strategy 25 Main players’ role in the infrastructure lifecycle 25 Sponsors 26 Operators 27 Institutional investors 27 3. CONTEXT FOR EUROPEAN PPPS 3.1. Policy and regulation trends 30 3.1.1. Regulatory changes: Directives 2014/23/UE, 2014/24/UE and 2014/25/UE 30 3.2. Funding and financing trends 32 3.2.1. An investment plan for Europe: the Juncker Plan 33 3.2.2. Europe 2020 Project Bond Initiative 39 4. EUROPEAN GREENFIELD PPP TRANSPORT PIPELINE 4.1.
    [Show full text]