Tfl Roads Review
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Summary Roads International Case Studies September 2012 roads − international case studies 1 Introduction Transport for London is currently undertaking a major strategic review of London’s road network which aims to identify long-term solutions to improve the capital’s roads and tackle some of London’s most congested junctions. The purpose of this report is to gather examples of road strategy practice that can inform the development of London’s road strategy. The examples of road strategy practice have been chosen to illustrate how other cities have addressed challenges faced by London’s road network such as: congestion; conflict between users along links; conflicts between movement and place activities; and how they have made air quality, physical accessibility, noise and public realm improvements. Transport for London’s review of London’s road network covers the entire Greater London area and is therefore considering a wide range of road issues in both inner London and the outer London town centres. One area of interest is where cities have been able to obtain more space – space for increased highway capacity or urban space that can be used for development, green places or alternative links for walking and cycling. This report identifies a sample of 37 projects where cities have delivered projects with highway and urban realm benefits and sought to use innovation in their design and delivery. In the examples gathered we have provided a range of projects which exhibit some of the characteristics above, and where possible, quantified the benefits delivered. The examples are not intended to be representative of all possible options and more extensive reviews of international practice (including broader understanding of city/transport strategy context) could be undertaken if felt worthwhile. This report does not attempt to draw any conclusions from these examples in relation to London’s road network. roads − international case studies 3 Summary Summary of Projects Cost (GBP Impact on 2011 road capacity Primary challenge Project Impacts/ No. Project & location Short description purchasing (+ = increase, addressed outcomes power 0 = neutral equivalent)* - = decrease) a projects to primarily address “living issues” – i.e. improve environment/quality of life New Planning Philosophy » Environmentally Hammarby Sjöstad is a » 52% of trips sustainable 160 hectare brownfield made by public new urban redevelopment with mixed transport and development on retail, residential and 27% by walking Hammersby brownfield site. business spaces located and cycling. Only Sjostad 3km to the south of the 21% are by car, Stockholm city centre of Stockholm. compared to 32% The development includes, for the whole of Population: amongst other sustainable Stockholm. 2,100,000 development features, A1 » Around 70% of the £0.5 million Mode Share (2009): a transport network residential units 0 Walking: 23% characterised by car-sharing, have a car. Cycling: 11% bike-sharing, good public Public Transport: 24% transport access and high » Some criticism Private motor vehicle: quality bicycle infrastructure. of the social 42% balance of the development and failure to address social segregation. » Environmentally Vauban is a suburb in the » 75% of trips to Vauban sustainable south of the city of Freiburg, work by bicycle. Freiburg new urban and has been developed » 70% of Vauban development. as a car-free, parking free, residents claim sustainable model district. not to own a car. Population: The neighbourhood consists 200,000 Reduction in air A2 of 5,000 residents. It is » £430 million 0 Mode Share (2007): the world’s first housing pollutants and Walking: 23% development where all CO2 levels. Cycling: 27% Public Transport: 18% homes produce more energy Private motor vehicle: than they use. The Vauban 32% tram extension is being completed. Primary challenge addressed Reduce congestion Improve quality of life Improve safety/environment Support development * Local currencies were converted to GBP using Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) data from the OECD. These figures were then converted to 2011 prices using GDP deflators from the Office of National Statistics. roads − international case studies 5 Summary Cost (GBP Impact on 2011 road capacity Primary challenge Project Impacts/ No. Project & location Short description purchasing (+ = increase, addressed outcomes power 0 = neutral equivalent)* - = decrease) a projects to primarily address “living issues” – i.e. improve environment/quality of life Area development and enhancement » Reduce noise The green canopy will cover » The project levels from traffic. a 3.5km of the A7 Autobahn is under in three sections to the west construction. A7 autobahn » Remove the of Hamburg. It will be 34 covering physical barriers » Up to 2,000 new metre wide and planted with Hamburg between houses will be neighbourhoods. parks, trees and allotments. built alongside the The motorway is set below Reduce air new canopies. » the level of surrounding £550-650 Population: pollution from A3 1,800,000 developments with the million HGV traffic. + Mode Share (2008): canopy filling the gap (estimated) Walking: 11% » Facilitate between neighbourhoods on Cycling: 13% motorway either side. The canopy also Public Transport: 30% widening. allows the widening of the Private motor vehicle: road from six lanes to eight 46% lanes without a negative impact on surrounding neighbourhoods. » Reduce noise for Paris’s Boulevard » To date noise residents and Périphérique carries around levels reduced (by businesses in 250,000 vehicles per day. 5 dB(A) at Lilas). the immediate As part of a programme » Creation of Périphérique vicinity. to undertake major 275,000 square covering » Reduce air infrastructure projects in metres of public Paris pollution by Paris, three sections of the open space. limiting the Périphérique were identified amount of for ‘roofing’ with the areas Population: above the road landscaped A4 12,000,000 ‘exposed’ dual- £214 million carriageway. to provide green spaces and 0 Mode Share (2009): to reconnect the city with the Walking: 32% » Contribute suburbs. Cycling: 2% to urban Public Transport: 21% regeneration Private motor vehicle: and unification 45% by landscaping newly created public spaces. » Facilitate future Prior to the completion of the » 5 million journeys growth in Port Dublin Port Tunnel, access made through the trade through between Dublin Port and the Dublin Port Tunnel Dublin Port Tunnel additional national motorway network in 2011. Dublin, Ireland capacity. was via a series of city » 88-96% reduction » Removal of HGV centre roads within Dublin. in 5+ axle vehicles traffic from Dublin The Dublin Port Tunnel is a in Dublin city Population: city centre. twin bore tunnel of 4.5km centre (2009). A5 1,800,000 in length which is now part £650 million + Mode Share (2011): » Release of road of the M50 motorway and Walking: 10% space to allow completes the northern part Cycling: 3% the introduction of the C-Ring around Dublin Public Transport: 9% of a range of city. Private motor vehicle: public transport 78% and amenity measures in the city centre. 6 roads − international case studies Summary Cost (GBP Impact on 2011 road capacity Primary challenge Project Impacts/ No. Project & location Short description purchasing (+ = increase, addressed outcomes power 0 = neutral equivalent)* - = decrease) a projects to primarily address “living issues” – i.e. improve environment/quality of life Area development and enhancement » Facilitation of The Bjørvika tunnel is » Surface traffic Bjørvika Tunnel new development the first immersed tunnel reduced by 70%. built in Norway. It links the Oslo, Norway » Improved » Project has permeability Festning tunnel in the west released through removal with the Ekeberg tunnel in approximately Population: of road ‘barrier’ to the east, redirecting the E18 one million m2 of A6 1,400,000 the city centre. motorway away from the Oslo development floor £486 million + waterfront and facilitating Mode Share: » Reduced space. Walking/Cycling: 35% its redevelopment. The once Public Transport: 20% congestion. heavily industrial port is now Private motor vehicle: being developed into a public 45% space for living, working and recreation. » Improved The Madrid Calle 30 upgrade » Improved traffic permeability project was undertaken to flow in the city. through removal refurbish the motorway and 26% reduction Calle M30 » of road ‘barrier’ in to reroute major sections of in Nitrogen Madrid, Spain the city centre. it through tunnels under the oxide emissions » Reduced city. These works created between 2006 congestion – opportunities to reconnect and 2009. Population: the city with the Manzanares noise and air £3,369 A7 6,500,000 river, redevelop surface areas » Creation of new pollution. million + Mode Share (2009): into green parks, footpaths, public spaces for Walking: 31% cycle paths and build new sport and leisure. Cycling: 0% affordable housing. » Project has had Public Transport: 32% widely accepted Private motor vehicle: 37% positive outcomes but criticism remains about the cost. roads − international case studies 7 Summary Cost (GBP Impact on 2011 road capacity Primary challenge Project Impacts/ No. Project & location Short description purchasing (+ = increase, addressed outcomes power 0 = neutral equivalent)* - = decrease) a projects to primarily address “living issues” – i.e. improve environment/quality of life Street re-design » Reduce both The Paris urban street » Between 2000 car use and air design project is a