DOCSLIB.ORG

Genocide Studies and Prevention: an International Journal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Genocide Studies and Prevention: an International Journal Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 11 Issue 2 Article 2 10-2017 Full Issue 11.2 Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp Recommended Citation (2017) "Full Issue 11.2," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 11: Iss. 2: 1-128. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.11.2 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol11/iss2/2 This Front Matter is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ISSN 1911-0359 eISSN 1911-9933 Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 11.2 - 2017 ii ©2017 Genocide Studies and Prevention 11, no. 2 iii Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/ Volume 11.2 - 2017 Susan Braden, Christian Gudehus, and Douglas Irvin-Erickson Editors’ Introduction ................................................................................................................1 Translation Heinrich Popitz Social Norms .............................................................................................................................3 Articles Sarah Federman Genocide Studies and Corporate Social Responsibility: The Contemporary Case of the French National Railways (SNCF) .....................................................................................................13 Benjamin Meiches Speaking of Genocide: Double Binds and Political Discourse ................................................36 Kerry E. Whigham Remembering to Prevent: The Preventive Capacity of Public Memory .................................53 Timothy Williams and Dominik Pfeiffer Unpacking the Mind of Evil: A Sociological Perspective on the Role of Intent and Motivations in Genocide .............................................................................................................................72 Katalin Eszter Morgan Exploring the Educational Potential of a Video-Interview with a Shoah Survivor................88 Book Reviews Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler by Stefan Ihrig, reviewed by Vahram Ter-Matevosyan ...............................................106 Marching into Darkness: The Wehrmacht and the Holocaust in Belarus by Waitman Wade Beorn, reviewed by Lauren Faulkner Rossi .................................109 Representing Genocide: The Holocaust as Paradigm? by Rebecca Jinks, reviewed by Emily Sample ...............................................................112 ©2017 Genocide Studies and Prevention 11, no. 2 iv The Politics of Genocide: The Holocaust in Hungary Vol. I-II. Third Revised and Updated Edition by Randolph L. Braham, reviewed by Arpad von Klimo ...........................................114 From War to Genocide: Criminal Politics in Rwanda, 1990-1994 by André Guichaoua, translated by Don E. Webster, reviewed by Erin Jessee .......116 Eyewitness to a Genocide: The United Nations and Rwanda by Michael Barnett, reviewed by Randall Fegley .........................................................118 The Killing of Death: Denying the Genocide Against the Tutsis by Roland Moerland, reviewed by Kee En Chong .......................................................121 Film Review John Pilger, Stealing a Nation Reviewed by Rahat Imran ...............................................................................................125 ©2017 Genocide Studies and Prevention 11, no. 2 Editors’ Introduction This issue introduces a new section that will alternate with those GSP has added in the last year, namely state of the field and case notes. These are different from regular articles insofar as they do not necessarily present original empirical of theoretical research. In the case of state of the field papers the goal is to either give an overview of a whole research field or focus on a very specific set of questions. Case notes are reports on legal proceedings pertinent for the field of Genocide studies. The new section – translations – addresses an altogether different issue. The language of genocide studies is without a doubt English. Its leading journals publish only in English. That makes sense insofar as this language is the lingua franca of science and humanities in the 21st Century. However, this focus on just one language comes at a price – and a high one at that. Genocide studies is not a discipline but a field. In order to answer its many questions that in one way or another deal with the human condition, we as researchers of destruction and its prevention need input from other disciplines that explicitly address many of our crucial questions. Those disciplines are Psychology (including Social Psychology), Sociology, Social Anthropology, Criminology, and Socio-Biology, among others. Our impression at GSP is, however, that many publications in the field only refer to a rather limited number of scholarly materials on questions that concern us. Those rich academic cultures in the German, French, and Spanish speaking world – just to name a few– are unfortunately underrepresented in our discourses. This is likely because many of us do not know of them. We may add that this loss is not only one of content, but also of style of thought. The modes of explanation many genocide scholars use to conceptualize their subjects are clearly dominated by mainstreamed academic English. We, as a journal can only do so much about the latter, therefore we like to enrich the discourse on occasion with translations of works that have so far been unavailable in English. Thanks to the former IAGS Board, led by Andrew Woolford, we were able to solicit a translation of a text by the late German Sociologist Heinrich Popitz that deals with the appearance, stabilisation, change or fading of social norms. Our publication of that piece coincides – not without coincidence – with the release of Popitz’s major work, Phenomena of Power, with University of Columbia Press. Please see the link included for a brief introduction and additional information: http://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.11.2.1552. This issue contains five full articles. Sarah Federman addresses the question of perpetratorship via the very current concept of Corporate Social Responsibility. By researching the action of the French National Railways in the context of the Holocaust the author makes a case for “a greater inclusion of market actors in genocide studies both to understand and respond to the complex roles these actors play in both participating in and interrupting mass atrocity.” Benjamin Meiches deals with the tension that comes with the understanding of genocide as a contestable concept on one side and the need to have a functioning definition on the other. He does so by exploring not so much what genocide is but by demonstrating how the concept functions in scholarly, political, and legal discourses. Meiches understands genocide as a “discursive object that exploded into contemporary politics barely seventy years ago and continues to transform our sense of international law, global ethics, and academic scholarship.” The ever-actual and quite often rather ideologically discussed question of the preventive power of memory is the topic of Kerry Whigham’s contribution. By examining a number of memory practices he comes to nuanced verdict: “When memory isolates or atomizes bodies, it has little chance at being preventive. (…) when it draws people together in the public sphere – even when it leads to nonviolent disputes and contentious debates – memory has a much greater chance of preventing genocidal violence. Of course, memory alone is not enough.” Timothy Williams and Dominik Pfeiffer explicitly introduce a sociological perspective on genocidal violence focusing on its key characteristic, “intentionality” and therefore the motivation of those involved. They argue that so-called genocidal frames are the precondition for genocidal violence and individual participation in it. “Generally speaking, elites and leaders act purposefully when framing genocidal action at the macro level, while low-level perpetrators act mostly out of different motivations knowing what their superiors might have in mind at the micro level.” Susan Braden, Christian Gudehus, and Douglas Irvin-Erickson “Editor’s Introduction” Genocide Studies and Prevention 11, 2 (2017): 1-2. ©2017 Genocide Studies and Prevention. http://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.11.2.1549 2 Braden, Gudehus, and Irvin-Erickson Video Interviews of Shoah survivors are in use as an educational resource worldwide. Katalin Eszter Morgan has studied their use in a German setting. She is interested in how the work with these interviews may add to the users own “scientific knowledge” to their ability to “learn empathy” and finally how the learners are positioned as collectives in the process. Susan Braden Christian Gudehus Douglas Irvin-Erickson ©2017 Genocide Studies and Prevention 11, no. 2 http://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.11.2 Editor’s Introduction to “Social Norms” by Heinrich Popitz Individuals, groups, and societies have been known to make rather quick and radical shifts in social norms; making theft, insult, beating, torture, and (mass)-killing standard, or encouraged behavior, where previously considered unacceptable. In order for Holocaust and genocide scholars to appropriately research these changes,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler
    Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 11 Issue 2 Article 10 10-2017 Book Review: Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler Vahram Ter-Matevosyan American University of Armenia Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp Recommended Citation Ter-Matevosyan, Vahram (2017) "Book Review: Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 11: Iss. 2: 106-108. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.11.2.1482 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol11/iss2/10 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Book Review: Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler Vahram Ter-Matevosyan American University of Armenia Yerevan, Armenia Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler Stefan Ihrig Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 2016 472 Pages; Price: $35.00 Hardcover Reviewed by Vahram Ter-Matevosyan Institute of Oriental Studies, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia; American University of Armenia In June 2016 the German Parliament adopted a resolution declaring the killings of Armenians and other Christian minorities in 1915 a genocide. The resolution once again raised questions about the depth and extent of Germany’s role in the Armenian Genocide. In the last twenty years there have been a number of books and articles which explored the German responsibility in the Armenian Genocide.
    [Show full text]
  • The German Military and Hitler
    RESOURCES ON THE GERMAN MILITARY AND THE HOLOCAUST The German Military and Hitler Adolf Hitler addresses a rally of the Nazi paramilitary formation, the SA (Sturmabteilung), in 1933. By 1934, the SA had grown to nearly four million members, significantly outnumbering the 100,000 man professional army. US Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of William O. McWorkman The military played an important role in Germany. It was closely identified with the essence of the nation and operated largely independent of civilian control or politics. With the 1919 Treaty of Versailles after World War I, the victorious powers attempted to undercut the basis for German militarism by imposing restrictions on the German armed forces, including limiting the army to 100,000 men, curtailing the navy, eliminating the air force, and abolishing the military training academies and the General Staff (the elite German military planning institution). On February 3, 1933, four days after being appointed chancellor, Adolf Hitler met with top military leaders to talk candidly about his plans to establish a dictatorship, rebuild the military, reclaim lost territories, and wage war. Although they shared many policy goals (including the cancellation of the Treaty of Versailles, the continued >> RESOURCES ON THE GERMAN MILITARY AND THE HOLOCAUST German Military Leadership and Hitler (continued) expansion of the German armed forces, and the destruction of the perceived communist threat both at home and abroad), many among the military leadership did not fully trust Hitler because of his radicalism and populism. In the following years, however, Hitler gradually established full authority over the military. For example, the 1934 purge of the Nazi Party paramilitary formation, the SA (Sturmabteilung), helped solidify the military’s position in the Third Reich and win the support of its leaders.
    [Show full text]
  • Genocide Bibliography
    on Genocide The Armenian Genocide A Brief Bibliography of English Language Books Covering Four Linked Phases Genocide Facts Presentation of Oral and Written Evidence for the Armenian Genocide in the Grand Committee Room, The House of Commons London 24th April 2007 First and Second Editions 2007, with Addenda 2009, Third Edition 2011, Fourth Edition 2013, Fifth Edition Centennial Presentation, the 1st of January, 2015 Sixth Edition © English By Français T.S. Kahvé Pусский Español Ararat Heritage Հայերեն London Português 2017 Genocide: Beyond the Night, by Jean Jansem, detail photography by Ararat Heritage PREFACE There are certain polyvalent developments of the past that project prominently into the contemporary world with pertinent connotations for the future, decisively subsuming the characteristics of permanence. Their significance dilates not only because well organised misfeasance bars them from justice, but also because of sociological and psychological aspects involving far-reaching consequences. In this respect, the extensive destruction brought about by the Armenian Genocide and the substantive occupation of Armenia’s landmass by its astonishingly hostile enemies will remain a multifarious international subject impregnated with significant longevity. Undoubtedly, the intensity of the issue in motion will gather momentum until a categorically justifiable settlement is attained. A broad reconstruction programme appears to be the most reasonable way forward. PREAMBLE 1st. PRELUDE TO GENOCIDE Encompasses the periods referred to as the Armenian Massacres; mainly covering the years 1894 - 96 and Adana 1909. Some titles in the bibliography record the earlier international treaties that failed to protect the Armenians. Only a small number of works have been included, predominantly relevant to this period.
    [Show full text]
  • Rezensionen – Comptes Rendus – Reviews
    ASIA 2017; 71(3): 1039–1043 Rezensionen – Comptes rendus – Reviews Ihrig, Stefan: Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2016, 460 pp., ISBN 978-0674504790. Reviewed by Alp Yenen, Departement für Gesellschaftswissenschaften, Universität Basel, Maiengasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected] https://doi.org/10.1515/asia-2017-0053 Hitler apparently got it wrong when he asked, in a popularly cited question: “Who, after all, speaks today of the annihilation of the Armenians?” Stefan Ihrig, professor of history at the University of Haifa, argues in his latest book, Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler, that there was actually a broader awareness in Nazi Germany of what happened to Ottoman Armenians in 1915. Ihrig’s book is about how the extermination of the Armenians was intellectually processed and politically justified –“justification” being Ihrig’s key analytical term in this regard – in a society that would go on to commit, support, and justify yet another genocide. Justifying Genocide is told in 15 chapters in addition to a prologue, an introduction, and an epilogue. In his Prologue, Ihrig introduces Franz Werfel, the Nobel laureate author of the Forty Days of Musa Dagh. For Werfel, himself a Jew, the Armenians were the “stand-in Jews” (Ersatzjuden) of his story, also an indirect warning of the rise of Nazis. In the Introduction, Ihrig explains why his book is about “Germany and its road toward the Holocaust” (p. 6) rather than about the Ottoman Empire, Turks, and the tragic fate of the Armenians in Anatolia.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    Waitman Wade Beorn, Ph.D. Corcoran Department of History University of Virginia, Nau Hall 155 Charlottesville, VA 22904 email: [email protected] web: http://bit.ly/wwbeorn ACADEMIC EMPLOYMENT 2016- Lecturer, Corcoran Department of History, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, V.A. 2012- 2015 Louis and Frances Blumkin Professor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies & Assistant Professor of History, University of Nebraska- Omaha, Omaha, N.E. 2011- 2012 Visiting Assistant Professor of History, Loyola University New Orleans, L.A. PUBLIC HISTORY, MUSEUMS 2015- 2016 Executive Director, Virginia Holocaust Museum, Richmond, V.A. 2012-2015 Executive Director, Sam and Frances Fried Holocaust and Genocide Education Fund, Omaha, N.E. EDUCATION 2011 PhD in History, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC “Descent into Darkness: Local Participation of the Wehrmacht in the Holocaust in Belarus, 1941-2” Advisor: Christopher Browning 2007 Master’s Degree, History, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC 2000 Bachelor of Science, History, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY FELLOWSHIPS • Residence Research Grant at the Center for Urban History of East Central Europe (Lviv), 2019- 2020 • Pending NEH Application: “Paths of Survival and Resettlement: Holocaust Survivors in Northern New Jersey, 1945-1954”, The Gross Center for Holocaust & Genocide Studies- Ramapo College of New Jersey, 2019 • National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Stipend FT-259641-18 “Between the Wires: The Janowska Camp and the Holocaust in Lviv,” 2018 (deferred
    [Show full text]
  • “The Germans Had Set the Goal to Destroy Everyone”
    “the Germans had set the goal to destroy everyone” Ozarichi in German-occupied Belarus through the eyes of survivors University of Amsterdam Master thesis in History, German Studies Anne-Lise Bobeldijk [email protected] March 2016 Supervisor: dr. K.C. Berkhoff Second reader: dr. M.J. Föllmer Contents Introduction 3 1. Towards an oral history of the Ozarichi camps 9 2. The round-ups 20 2.1 The cities of Bobruisk and Zhlobin 20 2.2 Villages and hamlets 24 3. Transport to the camps as virtual death marches 28 3.1 Deportation methods 28 3.2 Arbitrariness, torment and violence 33 4. The transit camps 39 4.1 The numerous transit camps 39 4.2 Treatment in the camps and social interaction 45 5. The Ozarichi camps 51 5.1 Ozarichi, Dert and Semonovich 51 5.2 Liberation and aftermath 53 Conclusion 56 Bibliography 61 Appendix I 64 Appendix II 65 Appendix III 73 Acknowledgements 74 2 Introduction ‘The regime in the camps – a regime of hunger, cold, illness and the immense insults of the Soviet people – gave me the firm belief that the Germans had set the goal to destroy everyone; all children, elderly people, women, disabled people and inmates.’1 This quote from Vasilli Murashkin seems to refer to one of the well-known national socialist concentration camps, such as Auschwitz, Dachau or Majdanek. However, he refers to the Ozarichi camps in Belarus, near the villages Ozarichi, Dert and Semonovich. Murashkin was one of the approximately 40,000 people who ended up in these camps because they were seen as “useless eaters”.2 After the Battle of Stalingrad, Hitler ordered that nothing useful was to fall into the hands of the Soviets.
    [Show full text]
  • Elements of a Formal Sociology of the Financial Markets
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Langenohl, Andreas Article Analyzing expectations sociologically: Elements of a formal sociology of the financial markets economic sociology_the european electronic newsletter Provided in Cooperation with: Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies (MPIfG), Cologne Suggested Citation: Langenohl, Andreas (2010) : Analyzing expectations sociologically: Elements of a formal sociology of the financial markets, economic sociology_the european electronic newsletter, ISSN 1871-3351, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies (MPIfG), Cologne, Vol. 12, Iss. 1, pp. 18-27 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/155958 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the
    [Show full text]
  • Contact Information
    Waitman Wade Beorn, Ph.D. Contact Information Corcoran Department of History University of Virginia, Nau Hall 155 Charlottesville, VA 22904 email: [email protected] web: http://waitmanwadebeorn.com/ EMPLOYMENT • Lecturer, Corcoran Department of History, University of Virginia, 2016- Present • Executive Director, Virginia Holocaust Museum, 2015- 2016 • Louis and Frances Blumkin Professor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies & Assistant Professor of History, University of Nebraska- Omaha, 2012- 2015 • Visiting Assistant Professor of History, Loyola University New Orleans, 2011- 2012 EDUCATION • PhD, History, 2011, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC “Descent into Darkness: Local Participation of the Wehrmacht in the Holocaust in Belarus, 1941-2” Advisor: Christopher Browning • Master’s Degree, History, April 2007, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC • Bachelor of Science, History, June 2000, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY FELLOWSHIPS, GRANTS, AWARDS, HONORS • UVA Bicentennial Grant (Supports exhibit designed by History of Museums Class), 2017 • Faculty Global Research with Undergrads (FGRU) Grant from the UVA Center for Global Inquiry and Innovation: “Behind the Wires: the Janowska Camp Project,” 2017 ($7,500) • Learning Technology Incubator (LTI) “Developing Effective Geo-Spatial Digital Pedagogy,” University of Virginia, 2017 ($10,000) • Honorable Mention, Sybil Halpern Milton Memorial Book Prize for Best Book on Topic Related to the Holocaust, German Studies Association, 2015 • Finalist, Congress Award for the Best Academic Publication on Belarus-related Problems, International Congress of Belarusian Studies, 2015 • Thomas J. Wilson Memorial Prize for Best First book, Harvard University Press, 2014 • Visiting Scholar, Western Carolina University, 17-18 September 2015 • Sharon Abramson Research Grant for the Study of the Holocaust, Holocaust Education Foundation, 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • "The Second World War and the Fate of the Jews" (PDF)
    The Raul Hilberg Memorial Lecture The University of Vermont October 27, 2014 The Second World War and the Fate of the Jews David Cesarani Royal Holloway University of London The Carolyn and Leonard Miller Center for Holocaust Studies 1 THE SECOND WORLD WAR AND THE FATE OF THE JEWS The Raul Hilberg Memorial Lecture University of Vermont October 27, 2014 David Cesarani Royal Holloway University of London I In one of the most striking passages in his memoir, The Politics of Memory: The Journey of a Holocaust Historian, Raul Hilberg recalls his experiences as a precocious 18 year old German-Jewish refugee inducted into the US Army and dispatched to Europe in the closing months of the Second World War. Writing in his customary tone of wry self-deprecation he carefully distinguishes his undistinguished record of military service from that of other servicemen - men who were shelled at Anzio, crossed the Rapido river or waded ashore on Omaha beach. But one battle experience was imprinted on his mind. ‘It was April 1945 in Bavaria. I looked at a field bathed in the sun. During the night the Germans had attempted to assault our lines. Our machine-gunners had mowed them down. All over the field the bodies of Germans lay motionless, rifles stuck in the ground to mark their location. One corpse was on its back, its eye sockets filled with blood. What, I asked myself, could have compelled these men at this late stage of the war to run into almost certain death?’ That question, his curiosity about the perpetrators, was to guide his life’s work.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography: Volume 2
    BIBLIOGRAPHY: VOLUME 2 Abse, D. (1973). The dogs of Pavlov. London: Vallentine, Mitchell. Adam, U. D. (1989). The gas chambers. In F. Furet (Ed.), Unanswered ques- tions: Nazi Germany and the genocide of the Jews (pp. 134–154). New York: Schocken Books. Allen, M. T. (2005). Introduction: A bureaucratic Holocaust—Toward a new con- sensus. In G. D. Feldman & W. Seibel (Eds.), Networks of Nazi persecution: Bureaucracy, business, and the organization of the Holocaust (pp. 259–268). New York: Berghahn Books. Alvarez, A. (1997). Adjusting to genocide: The techniques of neutralization and the Holocaust. Social Science History, 21(2), 139–178. Aly, G. (1999). Final solution: Nazi population policy and the murder of the European Jews. London: Arnold. Aly, G. (2006). Hitler’s benefciaries: Plunder, racial war, and the Nazi welfare state. New York: Metropolitan Books, Henry Holt and Company. Aly, G., & Heim, S. (2002). Architects of annihilation: Auschwitz and the logic of destruction. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. Anderson, T. B. (2007). Amazing alphabetical adventures. Auckland, NZ: Random House. Angrick, A., & Klein, P. (2009). The “fnal solution” in Riga: Exploitation and annihilation, 1941–1944. New York: Berghahn Books. Arad, Y. B. (1987). Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard death camps. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Arad, Y. B. (1993). Operation Reinhard: Gas chambers in Eastern Poland. In E. Kogon, H. Langbein, & A. Rückerl (Eds.), Nazi mass murder: A docu- mentary history of the use of poison gas (pp. 102–138). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019 301 N. Russell, Understanding Willing Participants, Volume 2, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97999-1 302 BIBLIOGRAPHY: VOLUME 2 Arad, Y., Gutman, I., & Margaliot, A.
    [Show full text]
  • Question of the Pogroms’ in a Paris Courtroom in the 1920S: the Trial of Sholem Schwartzbard
    Draft - do not cite or quote without author's permission The ‘Question of the Pogroms’ in a Paris Courtroom in the 1920s: the Trial of Sholem Schwartzbard Alexandra Garbarini Writing about the trial of Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem in 1961, Hannah Arendt recalled two murder trials from the 1920s in Europe.1 In 1921, Soghomon Tehlirian, an Armenian man allegedly living as a student in Berlin, assassinated the former Ottoman Minister of the Interior, Talaat Pasha, for his responsibility in the expropriation, deportation, rape, and extermination of the Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire under the cover of World War I.2 Five years later in Paris, a Ukrainian Jewish man who had recently become a naturalized French citizen, Sholem Schwartzbard, shot and killed the Ukrainian nationalist leader, Simon Petlyura. Schwartzbard sought justice for the destruction of property, rape, and murder of tens and perhaps hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian Jews during the years of the 1 Arendt referred to the Tehlirian and Schwartzbard trials in order to sharpen her critique of the Israeli state’s kidnapping of Eichmann and conduct of that trial. In Arendt’s view, the state of Israel had misunderstood the nature of the crime that had been committed against the Jewish people by Nazi Germany. Acting on the basis of its misunderstanding, it had lost sight of the principle that the authority of the court pertained to the law, not to history or morality. “The purpose of a trial is to render justice, and nothing else,” which in her view meant “to weigh the charges brought against the accused, to render judgment, and to mete out due punishment.” Hannah Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil (New York: Penguin Books, 1994 [1963]), 253.
    [Show full text]
  • Strassler Center for Holocaust & Genocide
    STRASSLER CENTER FOR HOLOCAUST & GENOCIDE STUDIES AT CLARK UNIVERSITY STRASSLER CENTER FOR HOLOCAUST & GENOCIDE STUDIES AT CLARK UNIVERSITY AT & GENOCIDE STUDIES HOLOCAUST CENTER FOR STRASSLER 2017 - 2018 YEAR END REPORT YEAR END REPORT 2017 2018 YEAR END REPORT 831670.indd 1 12/14/18 6:16 PM Whoever fails to increase knowledge, decreases knowledge. – the wisdom of the sages DIRECTORS’ MESSAGE American Civil War. According to Stefan Ihrig, in the aftermath of World War I, racialized discourse in Germany excused mass vio- lence against Armenians, prompting the Nazis to justify their plans for genocide. In order to provide a theoretical framework that deepens appre- ciation for similarities and differences, we envision a professorship in human rights. The modern history of human rights arose in con- nection to the genocides and political violence of the 20th and 21st centuries. Expanding human rights education will forge dynamic connections between academia, pedagogy, and engaged scholarship. Such an approach offers the best hope for Thomas Kühne, Director and Mary Jane Rein, Executive Director understanding possible strategies for prevention, steps toward intervention, and insights into promoting democracy and justice in “Men are accomplices to that which leaves them indifferent,” the aftermath of violence. according to the literary critic George Steiner. Our students and With our focus on training scholars, our program remains future faculty dedicate their careers to studying genocide and mass vio- oriented. The international graduate student conference we orga- lence; exemplars for those who seek to understand the past and nize triennially gathers an international cohort of PhD students. give shape to a better tomorrow, they appreciate that we cannot Participants travelled from seven countries to present their research overlook violent histories, neglect past injustices, ignore painful leg- at the fourth iteration of this signature event in April 2018.
    [Show full text]