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Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 11 Issue 2 Article 10 10-2017 Book Review: Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler Vahram Ter-Matevosyan American University of Armenia Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp Recommended Citation Ter-Matevosyan, Vahram (2017) "Book Review: Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 11: Iss. 2: 106-108. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.11.2.1482 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol11/iss2/10 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Book Review: Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler Vahram Ter-Matevosyan American University of Armenia Yerevan, Armenia Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler Stefan Ihrig Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 2016 472 Pages; Price: $35.00 Hardcover Reviewed by Vahram Ter-Matevosyan Institute of Oriental Studies, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia; American University of Armenia In June 2016 the German Parliament adopted a resolution declaring the killings of Armenians and other Christian minorities in 1915 a genocide. The resolution once again raised questions about the depth and extent of Germany’s role in the Armenian Genocide. In the last twenty years there have been a number of books and articles which explored the German responsibility in the Armenian Genocide. -
Genocide Studies and Prevention: an International Journal
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 11 Issue 2 Article 2 10-2017 Full Issue 11.2 Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp Recommended Citation (2017) "Full Issue 11.2," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 11: Iss. 2: 1-128. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.11.2 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol11/iss2/2 This Front Matter is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ISSN 1911-0359 eISSN 1911-9933 Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 11.2 - 2017 ii ©2017 Genocide Studies and Prevention 11, no. 2 iii Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/ Volume 11.2 - 2017 Susan Braden, Christian Gudehus, and Douglas Irvin-Erickson Editors’ Introduction ................................................................................................................1 Translation Heinrich Popitz Social Norms .............................................................................................................................3 Articles Sarah Federman Genocide Studies and Corporate Social Responsibility: The Contemporary Case of the French National Railways (SNCF) .....................................................................................................13 -
Question of the Pogroms’ in a Paris Courtroom in the 1920S: the Trial of Sholem Schwartzbard
Draft - do not cite or quote without author's permission The ‘Question of the Pogroms’ in a Paris Courtroom in the 1920s: the Trial of Sholem Schwartzbard Alexandra Garbarini Writing about the trial of Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem in 1961, Hannah Arendt recalled two murder trials from the 1920s in Europe.1 In 1921, Soghomon Tehlirian, an Armenian man allegedly living as a student in Berlin, assassinated the former Ottoman Minister of the Interior, Talaat Pasha, for his responsibility in the expropriation, deportation, rape, and extermination of the Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire under the cover of World War I.2 Five years later in Paris, a Ukrainian Jewish man who had recently become a naturalized French citizen, Sholem Schwartzbard, shot and killed the Ukrainian nationalist leader, Simon Petlyura. Schwartzbard sought justice for the destruction of property, rape, and murder of tens and perhaps hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian Jews during the years of the 1 Arendt referred to the Tehlirian and Schwartzbard trials in order to sharpen her critique of the Israeli state’s kidnapping of Eichmann and conduct of that trial. In Arendt’s view, the state of Israel had misunderstood the nature of the crime that had been committed against the Jewish people by Nazi Germany. Acting on the basis of its misunderstanding, it had lost sight of the principle that the authority of the court pertained to the law, not to history or morality. “The purpose of a trial is to render justice, and nothing else,” which in her view meant “to weigh the charges brought against the accused, to render judgment, and to mete out due punishment.” Hannah Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil (New York: Penguin Books, 1994 [1963]), 253. -
Strassler Center for Holocaust & Genocide
STRASSLER CENTER FOR HOLOCAUST & GENOCIDE STUDIES AT CLARK UNIVERSITY STRASSLER CENTER FOR HOLOCAUST & GENOCIDE STUDIES AT CLARK UNIVERSITY AT & GENOCIDE STUDIES HOLOCAUST CENTER FOR STRASSLER 2017 - 2018 YEAR END REPORT YEAR END REPORT 2017 2018 YEAR END REPORT 831670.indd 1 12/14/18 6:16 PM Whoever fails to increase knowledge, decreases knowledge. – the wisdom of the sages DIRECTORS’ MESSAGE American Civil War. According to Stefan Ihrig, in the aftermath of World War I, racialized discourse in Germany excused mass vio- lence against Armenians, prompting the Nazis to justify their plans for genocide. In order to provide a theoretical framework that deepens appre- ciation for similarities and differences, we envision a professorship in human rights. The modern history of human rights arose in con- nection to the genocides and political violence of the 20th and 21st centuries. Expanding human rights education will forge dynamic connections between academia, pedagogy, and engaged scholarship. Such an approach offers the best hope for Thomas Kühne, Director and Mary Jane Rein, Executive Director understanding possible strategies for prevention, steps toward intervention, and insights into promoting democracy and justice in “Men are accomplices to that which leaves them indifferent,” the aftermath of violence. according to the literary critic George Steiner. Our students and With our focus on training scholars, our program remains future faculty dedicate their careers to studying genocide and mass vio- oriented. The international graduate student conference we orga- lence; exemplars for those who seek to understand the past and nize triennially gathers an international cohort of PhD students. give shape to a better tomorrow, they appreciate that we cannot Participants travelled from seven countries to present their research overlook violent histories, neglect past injustices, ignore painful leg- at the fourth iteration of this signature event in April 2018. -
Armenian Genocide. the Silenced Extermination
Armenian Genocide The Silenced Extermination To the Reader You have every right to wonder what I have to do with the Armenians and why I should have decided, at the age of 86, to investigate the extermination they suffered as of 1915 at the hands of the Ottomans and Turks. It is not hard to understand. I grew up as a teenager during the war against the Nazi reign of terror and my Jewish roots led me to take part in militant activities in a youth organization that sought to create awareness in a small neighborhood of the city of Buenos Aires as regards the danger to humanity should Hitler and his supporters conquer the world. Only a few years after the defeat of the Third Reich I was able to travel to Germany and see the rubble in the streets of Berlin, the Reichstag gutted by fire, women driving tramways because the Nazis had condemned to death in foreign lands several generations of men trained to wipe six million Jews off the face of the earth, along with one million gypsies, thousands of democratic politicians, and many others, including the mentally retarded, homosexuals and disabled. The 20th century was a genocidal century. Large-scale genocides began with the massacre of 1,500,000 Armenians and over the following two decades the Nazis instrumented the Shoah. The Jewish genocide was judged at Nuremberg, but Raphael Lemkin, the Polish-Jewish lawyer who created the term “genocide”, had already issued the warning before the Shoah: do not forget the Armenian extermination. My mother, Paulina, lived in Odesa during the Tsarist regime. -
The Armenian Genocide and the Ruse of Protective Dispossession
\\jciprod01\productn\S\SWT\23-1\SWT113.txt unknown Seq: 1 22-FEB-17 17:04 THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE AND THE RUSE OF PROTECTIVE DISPOSSESSION Richard G. Hovannisian* TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................. 193 R I. THE ARMENIAN QUESTION ............................. 196 R II. THE GENOCIDAL PROCESS .............................. 204 R III. THE DISPOSSESSION ..................................... 210 R IV. THE POSTWAR PERIOD ................................. 215 R V. THE SEQUEL ............................................ 219 R CONCLUSION ................................................... 222 R INTRODUCTION The Armenian Genocide, beginning in 1915, was the supremely violent historical moment that removed a people from its homeland and wiped away most of the tangible evidence of its several thousand years of material and spiritual culture.1 The calamity, which was un- precedented in scope and effect, may be viewed as a part of the inces- sant Armenian struggle for survival and the culmination of the intensified persecution and massacres starting in the 1890s; or it may be placed in the context of the great upheavals that brought about the disintegration of the multi-ethnic and multi-confessional Ottoman Empire and the emergence of a largely monolithic Turkish nation- state. The Ottoman government, dominated by the Committee of Union and Progress (Young Turk; Ittihadist) party, came to regard the * Professor Emeritus of History, UCLA; Adjunct Professor of History, University of Southern California; President’s Fellow, Chapman University. Portions of the non-legal and his- torical aspects of this article have appeared in other works on the subject by the author. For a partial list of the author’s previous publications: http://www.history.ucla.edu/faculty/richard- hovannisian. 1. RICHARD G. HOVANNISIAN, REMEMBRANCE AND DENIAL: THE CASE OF THE ARME- NIAN GENOCIDE 13 (1998). -
Iron Cross and Crescent Press Discussion of the Ottoman Empire in the United Kingdom, 1914-1918
Iron Cross and Crescent Press Discussion of the Ottoman Empire in the United Kingdom, 1914-1918 Daniel Steel A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History, University of Canterbury 2019 Supervisor: Dr David Monger 1 2 Abstract First World War historians have increasingly sought to move beyond conventional narratives of a self-contained Anglo-German conflict. It was, after all, a ‘world war’, reflected in the United Kingdom’s four years of nearly continuous fighting against the Ottoman Empire. Despite growing interest in cultural representations of this Eastern theatre, the ‘globalising’ impulses motivating this scholarship have led historians to overlook the remarkable Germano- centrism with which such events were discussed in UK newspapers, both provincial and national. The Ottoman Empire’s entry into the war was attributed to a campaign of intense German intrigue and bribery that, supposedly, brought Constantinople under complete German domination. Praise for its soldiers’ ‘gentlemanly’ conduct at Gallipoli served mostly to criticise German misconduct by contrast, while condemnation of Ottoman atrocities was directed mainly at Germany. Its military defeat was, likewise, valued only insofar as it thwarted German war aims. While such claims have not gone entirely unnoticed, they have been unduly dismissed as deliberately deceitful propaganda or, otherwise, reflections of condemnable racial prejudices regarding the supposed manipulability of ‘backward Orientals’, underserving of further exploration. This thesis argues that such press interpretations, though often demonstrably false, were based upon considerably more complex (if misguided) reasoning than conventionally assumed and gave the Ottoman Empire great, but hitherto unappreciated, importance within the press’ Germano-centric conception of the First World War. -
Jonathan Dangoor
“No need to exaggerate” – the 1914 Ottoman Jihad declaration in genocide historiography Jonathan Dangoor Master thesis in Holocaust and Genocide Studies Supervisor: David Gaunt Submission date: May 16, 2017 Credits: 30 2 Abstract Limiting the primary sources to scholars who have published in peer-reviewed journals in fields relevant to Holocaust and Genocide studies, and thus avoiding the journalistic and polemical accounts that dominate the narrative on this topic, this study aims to provide an analysis of the impact of the 1914 Ottoman Jihad declaration on mass violence against Ottoman Christians, specifically the Ottoman Armenians, Assyrians and Greeks. The study identifies several central issues relating to the declaration and the wider concept of Jihad in the late Ottoman Empire and concludes that, in stark contrast to the scant attention it has received, the scholarly consensus on the topic appears to be that it had a considerable impact on mass participation in these events. While the role of religious ideology can only provide part of the explanation for these events, our study traces the lack of scholarship on the Jihad declaration to the emphasis on elite ideology in the field of genocide studies. The study concludes that the lack of scholarly work on the Jihad declaration represents a significant lacuna in the field. Of secondary importance is our activist analysis. While the letter of the declaration explicitly targeted the Entente and its allied governments, a small number of scholars in this study either omit the countries mentioned in it or claim that it was overtly directed at Ottoman Christians. The misrepresentations provided by two of the scholars appear to form part of a pattern of unscholarly practices, such as the citation of sources, that upon inspection, do not support their claims. -
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of ARMENIAN GENOCIDE STUDIES VOLUME 3, ISSUE 1, 2016 International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARMENIAN GENOCIDE STUDIES VOLUME 3, ISSUE 1, 2016 International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies Published by Armenian Genocide Museum & Institute Editor-in-Chief: Hayk Demoyan, Armenian Genocide Museum & Institute, Yerevan, Armenia International Advisory Board Rouben Paul Adalian, Armenian National Institute, Washington, D.C., USA Peter Balakian, Colgate University, New York, USA Matthias Bjørnlund, Kristeligt Dagblads Forlag, Denmark Israel Charny, Institute on the Holocaust and Genocide, Jerusalem, Israel Vahakn N. Dadrian, International Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies, USA Donna-Lee Frieze, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia Alexander Hinton, Rutgers University, Newark, USA Suren Manukyan, Armenian Genocide Museum & Institute, Yerevan, Armenia Harutyun Marutyan, Institute of Archeology and Ethnography, Yerevan, Armenia Armen Marsoobian, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, USA Ruben Safrastyan, Institute of Oriental Studies, Yerevan, Armenia Henry Theriault, Worcester State University, USA Rubina Peroomian, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA Book Review Editor: Suren Manukyan, Armenian Genocide Museum & Institute, Yerevan, Armenia International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies publishes articles and reviews related to Armenian Genocide as well as genocide studies in general. Particular attention is paid to articles dealing with history, political science, anthropology, sociology, literature and law. Articles on other sciences are also be considered if they have strong ties