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Anne-Marie Parisot Suzanne Villeneuve Caroline Hould Anne-Marie Parisot Suzanne Villeneuve Caroline Hould 13 juillet 2011 Mythes et réalités sur la surdité PLAN Sourds ou malentendants ? Appareil auditif corrige bien ? Lecture labiale facile ? Langue universelle ? La linguistique de la LSQ Différences entre la LSQ et le français Signes abstraits et concrets Plusieurs types de discours (poésie, narration, etc.) Grammaire L’interprétation Formation Secteurs de travail Atelier sur les signes Mythe 1 Les sourds sont muets VRAI FAUX UNE QUESTION D’IDENTITÉ PAS SEULEMENT DE DEGRÉ DE SURDITÉ Sourds Malentendants Langue des signes Français Termes à éviter : Sourds-muets, déficients ou handicapés auditifs Mythe 2 Un appareil auditif corrige aussi bien l’audition que des lunettes corrigent la vue Mythe 3 Les sourds lisent facilement sur les lèvres Visibilité des consonnes Mythe 4 La langue des signes est la même partout Dans le monde Une seule langue signée ? http://www.ethnologue.com 6 900 langues du monde dont 126 langues signées répertoriées à ce jour Adamorobe Sign Language (Ghana) Romanian Sign Language (Romania) Algerian Sign Language (Algeria) Russian Sign Language (Russia (Europe)) American Sign Language (USA) Salvadoran Sign Language (El Salvador) Argentine Sign Language (Argentina) Saudi Arabian Sign Language (Saudi Arabia) Armenian Sign Language (Armenia) Selangor Sign Language (Malaysia (Peninsular)) Australian Sign Language (Australia) Sierra Leone Sign Language (Sierra Leone) Austrian Sign Language (Austria) Swiss-French Sign Language (Switzerland) Bali Sign Language (Indonesia (Java and Bali)) Swiss-German Sign Language (Switzerland) Bamako Sign Language (Mali) Swiss-Italian Sign Language (Switzerland) Ban Khor Sign Language (Thailand) Taiwan Sign Language (Taiwan) Belgian Sign Language (Belgium) Tanzanian Sign Language (Tanzania) Bolivian Sign Language (Bolivia) Thai Sign Language (Thailand) Brazilian Sign Language (Brazil) Tunisian Sign Language (Tunisia) British Sign Language (United Kingdom) Turkish Sign Language (Turkey (Asia)) Bulgarian Sign Language (Bulgaria) Ugandan Sign Language (Uganda) Catalonian Sign Language (Spain) Ukrainian Sign Language (Ukraine) Chadian Sign Language (Chad) Urubú-Kaapor Sign Language (Brazil) Chiangmai Sign Language (Thailand) Yugoslavian Sign Language (Serbia and Chilean Sign Language (Chile) Montenegro) Chinese Sign Language (China) Zambian Sign Language (Zambia) Quebec Sign Language (Canada) Zimbabwe Sign Language (Zimbabwe) Rennellese Sign Language (Solomon Islands) Mythe 5 Les langues des signes sont comme du mime ou des gestes Signes et gestes : aspects distincts L’organisation des signes en système distingue principalement les LS des autres systèmes gestuels Le principe de la double articulation La créativité Les règles combinatoires Les matériaux Les parties de mots Les mots Les phrases Mythe 6 L’utilisation des mains limite la production de sens complexe NIVEAU MORPHOLOGIQUE Le morphème La plus petite unité porteuse de sens FRANÇAIS LSQ Morphème Morphème Morphème Morphème libre lié libre lié danse -er AUTO CL-B' chante -eur ENTENDRE 5' Mythe 7 Les signes suivent l’ordre des mots du français NIVEAU SYNTAXIQUE La phrase : Suite de mots/signes qui contient généralement un verbe et qui a un sens complet Français LSQ ordre de base fixe ordre de base plus souple SVO OSV SOV SVO LSQ Principe de préétablissement Principe d’économie articulatoire Mythe 8 Les signes ne sont pas décomposables en unités plus petites comme les mots des langues orales NIVEAU PHONOLOGIQUE Le phonème La plus petite unité non porteuse de sens FRANÇAIS LSQ 7 paramètres qui se 36 sons qui se distinguent par distinguent par des paires des paires minimales minimales m : + nasal front : +haut p : - nasal menton : +bas Les outils du chercheur en linguistique L’enregistrement et l’analyse des langues des signes Présentation (Power Point) du laboratoire et des outils de mesure Laboratoire Face Lab Caméra infrarouge Capteurs Participant Expérimentateur sourd Mythe 9 L’interprétation de la langue des signes est une situation de discours différente de la production spontanée Caractéristique du discours interprété Fenêtre d’anticipation réduite pour les interprètes ; Décalage ; Aménagements - rappel, - ajouts, - explications, - répétition, - autocorrection, - cumul des marques d’AS, - hyper précision ; Encodages parallèles ; INTERPRÉTATION FORMATION Langues de travail Processus Règles de pratique o Français o Cognitif o Éthique o Niveaux de langue o Efforts et variation o Intégralité (fidélité) o d’écoute o Expressions et o Confidentialité locutions latines o d’analyse o de production o Neutralité o de perception o LSQ o Niveaux de langue o Spécificités et o et variation Interaction secteurs o Expressions o Adhésion o Représentation MODÈLE DE L’ÉQUILIBRE DES EFFORTS ÉCOUTE et ANALYSE MÉMOIRE PRODUCTION PERCEPTION VISUELLE Son Expression Auto correction Interférence . Interférence visuelle . Accent Connaissance Ajouts . Débit Intervention technique . Prononciation des Sourds Densité . Intervention des participants Connaissance active Message • Densité Actualité . Noms propres . Énumération TRIANGLE DE LA TRADUCTION SIMULTANÉE SIGNIFICATION INTERPRÉTATION LANGUE SOURCE TRANSCODAGE LANGUE CIBLE INTERPRÉTATION + VISIBLE enfant jeune adulte préscolaire primaire collégial secondaire universitaire technique professionnel éducation adultes SOCIAL service vie services santé travail justice famille sociaux associative financiers aide hôpital sport entreprise tribunal garderie banque sociale clinique DPJ loisirs syndicat prison école assurance Centre regrou- emploi- CLSC notaire jeunesse pement Québec médecine naturelle RELAIS VISUEL communication INTERPRÉTATION EN PRÉSENCE ET À DISTANCE En présence À distance S + E I + E I + S En direct En différé Anne-Marie Parisot Suzanne Villeneuve Caroline Hould .
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