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Republique Democratique Du Congo Rapport De Base Redd+ REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO MINISTERE DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT, CONSERVATION DE LA NATURE ET TOURISME EVALUATION ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE STRATÉGIQUE DU PROCESSUS REDD+ RAPPORT DE BASE ANALYSE ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE STRATÉGIQUE DU PROCESSUS REDD+ 6 Janvier 2015 ÉVALUATION ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE STRATEGIQUE DU PROCESSUS REDD+ en RDC INDEX DES RAPPORTS Document d’analyse environnementale Évaluation des risques et des enjeux Stratégie Nationale REDD+ de la RDC Rapport d’Evaluation Environnementale et Sociale Stratégique (EESS) Document cadre Cadre de Gestion Environnementale et Sociale (CGES) O.P. 4.01, 4.04, 4.37 Documents de politiques et de planification sectoriel Cadre de Gestion des Cadre de Gestion du Cadre de Planification en Cadre Fonctionnel Pestes et Pesticides Patrimoine Culturel Faveur des Populations (CF) Cadre de Politique Autochtones (CGPP) (CGPC) O.P.4.12 de Réinstallation O.P.4.09 O.P 4.11 (CPFPA) (CPR) O.P.4.10 O.P. 4.12 Rapports des Consultations Rapport d’enquête Rapport des consultations Rapport des consultations provinciales nationales de juin 2013 Documents de référence et d’analyse Stratégie Nationale Cadre REDD+ de la RDC Termes de référence de l’EESS 6 Janvier 2015 Évaluation environnementale et sociale stratégique Rapport de L’EESS TABLE DES MATIERES Note liminaire ............................................................................................................................................. 9 1. Avant propos ..................................................................................................................................... 10 2. Résumé exécutif ............................................................................................................................... 12 3. Executive Summary (English version) ................................................................................................ 13 4. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 15 5. Bref Rappel du concept REDD+ et de ses Principes ............................................................................... 16 5.1. Origine du concept REDD+ ......................................................................................................................... 16 5.2. REDD+ et les Changements climatiques ....................................................................................................... 16 5.3. Rôle des forêts dans la lutte aux changements climatiques ............................................................................ 16 5.4. Déforestation et changements climatiques ................................................................................................... 17 5.5. les Pays forestiers : d’importants émetteurs de GES ..................................................................................... 17 5.6. Mécanisme REDD+ : un outil adapté au pays en voie de développement .......................................................... 18 Encadré 1: VISION DU GOUVERNEMENT DE LA RDC SUR LA REDD+ .......................................................... 18 5.7. Principes sous-jacents à la REDD+ .............................................................................................................. 19 5.8. Niveau d’avancement des négociations internationales ................................................................................. 19 6. État des forêts et activités de déforestation et de dégradation forestière en RDC ...................................... 20 6.1. Description générale .................................................................................................................................. 21 6.2. Pédologie ................................................................................................................................................. 22 6.3. Climatologie ............................................................................................................................................. 22 6.4. Forêts ...................................................................................................................................................... 24 6.5. Biodiversité .............................................................................................................................................. 24 6.6. Exploitation forestière industrielle ............................................................................................................... 25 6.7. Aires protégées ......................................................................................................................................... 26 6.7.1. Les réserves forestières .................................................................................................................................... 27 6.7.2. Les réserves de biosphère ................................................................................................................................ 27 6.7.3. Les Jardins zoologiques et botaniques ............................................................................................................... 27 Processus REDD+ République Démocratique du Congo 3 Évaluation environnementale et sociale stratégique Rapport de L’EESS 6.7.4. Les domaines de chasse ................................................................................................................................... 27 6.8. Les principales menaces sur la forêt............................................................................................................ 28 6.8.1. Résultats des consultations ............................................................................................................................... 28 6.9. Exploitation forestière industrielle ............................................................................................................... 31 6.9.1. Pressions dans les zones d’exploitation forestière industrielle en arrêt .................................................................. 33 6.9.2. Pressions dans les zones d’exploitation forestière artisanale ................................................................................ 33 6.9.3. Pressions dans les aires protégées .................................................................................................................... 34 6.9.4. Pressions dans les zones d’accès libre aux ressources........................................................................................ 34 7. État du milieu humain ......................................................................................................................... 39 7.1. L’agriculture et ses besoins en terres forestières .......................................................................................... 39 7.2. Population et densités humaines ................................................................................................................. 40 7.3. Populations urbaines : consommation des produits de la forêt et sécurité alimentaire ...................................... 41 7.4. Flux migratoires ........................................................................................................................................ 42 7.5. Les infrastructures de transport .................................................................................................................. 44 7.6. Conditions de vie et accès aux services ....................................................................................................... 45 7.7. Les principales sources de revenus ............................................................................................................. 46 7.8. Les populations forestières ........................................................................................................................ 47 7.8.1. Relations interethniques .................................................................................................................................... 49 7.9. Les populations et les zones en accès contrôlé ............................................................................................ 50 7.10. Les défis de la participation en RDC ........................................................................................................ 51 7.11. Pressions extérieures et perspectives ........................................................................................................ 53 8. La gouvernance et la gestion des risques environnementaux et sociaux ............................................ 54 8.1. Les enjeux liés à la capacité de gestion des risques environnementaux et sociaux ..................................... 54 8.2. quelques défis liés au régime foncier en afrique centrale et en rdc ........................................................... 55 8.3. aspects essentiels liés à la gouvernance foncière et au partage de bénéfices forestiers ............................. 56 9. Phase de préparation à la REDD+ en RDC et son évolution ..................................................................... 58 9.1. Activité de préparation ............................................................................................................................... 59 9.1.1. Comptabilité Carbone ....................................................................................................................................... 59 9.1.2. Niveaux de référence
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