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Ortungsanforderungen Und Ortungsmöglichkeiten Bei Sekundärbahnen

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Ortungsanforderungen Und Ortungsmöglichkeiten Bei Sekundärbahnen Fakultät Verkehrswissenschaften „Friedrich List“ Professur für Verkehrssicherungstechnik Diplomarbeit Ortungsanforderungen und Ortungsmöglichkeiten bei Sekundärbahnen eingereicht von Fabian Kirschbauer geb. am 21.01.1991 in Straubing Prüfer: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Trinckauf Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Maschek Betreuer: Dr.-Ing. Michael Kunze (CERSS) Dipl.-Ing. Martin Sommer (CERSS) Dresden, den 15. Juli 2016 .......................................... Unterschrift des Studenten Autorenreferat Autorenreferat Die Sicherung von Zugfahrten erfolgt bei Eisenbahnen durch verschiedene Systeme der Sicherungstechnik. Die Ausrüstungsstandards, und damit auch die Ortungslösungen, orientieren sich an den Bedürfnissen des Kernnetzes und sind auf Bahnen untergeordne- ter Bedeutung, sog. Sekundärbahnen, hauptsächlich aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen nicht tragfähig. Steigende Anforderungen an die Sicherheit und der weiter zunehmende Kos- tendruck werden für diese Bahnen eine Ablösung der bisherigen Betriebsweise mit Hil- fe neuer technischer Möglichkeiten erfordern. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll Anforderun- gen an Ortungslösungen für Sekundärbahnen auf Grundlage bereits bestehender Umset- zungen identifizieren. Die Ergebnisse sollen die Basis für eine bedarfsgerechte Weiter- entwicklung bisheriger Techniken zur Sicherung von Zugfahrten auf Sekundärbahnen bilden. Bibliografischer Nachweis Fabian Kirschbauer Ortungsanforderungen und Ortungsmöglichkeiten bei Sekundärbahnen Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät Verkehrswissenschaften „Friedrich List“, Professur für Verkehrssicherungstechnik Diplomarbeit 2016 Anzahl der Seiten: 173 Anzahl der Abbildungen: 41 Anzahl der Tabellen: 26 Anzahl der Quellenangaben: 66 Anzahl der Anlagen: 3 Abstract Abstract The safety of railway operations is ensured by different technical systems of train pro- tection. The systems including train positioning are usually designed to satisfy the re- quirements of busier lines but are not suitable for secondary lines due to economic rea- sons. Rising demands on safety combined with increasing cost pressure will lead to the need of new technical solutions. The intention of this diploma thesis is the identification of train positioning system requirements taking into consideration existing solutions. The results are meant to be a basis for further development of customised technical so- lutions for safe train operations on low density lines. 6 Thesen zur wissenschaftlichen Arbeit Thesen zur wissenschaftlichen Arbeit 1. Die Ortung im Bereich der Eisenbahn kann auf verschiedene Arten realisiert werden und unterliegt systembedingten, physikalischen Eigenschaften. Hauptsächlich aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen ist in Europa eine Abkehr von herkömmlichen, strecken- seitigen Verfahren unter Nutzung des Systems Galileo vorgesehen. 2. Bestehende Lösungen und Lösungsansätze für die Ortung auf Bahnen untergeordne- ter Bedeutung in Europa zeigen die technische Machbarkeit und wirtschaftliche Vor- teile auch bei gleichzeitiger Berücksichtigung der Interoperabilität. 3. Bei der Entwicklung fahrzeugseitiger Ortungslösungen kann auf Erkenntnisse und Erfahrungen nordamerikanischer Anwendungen zurückgegriffen werden, sofern den differierenden Anwendungsbedingungen und –zielen Rechnung getragen wird. 4. Die technische Umsetzung fahrzeugseitiger Ortungssysteme variiert, beruht jedoch stets auf dem Prinzip der Kombination absoluter und relativer Ortung, sodass sich ei- ne weitgehende Ähnlichkeit in der Architektur der einzelnen Systeme ergibt. 5. Die funktionalen Anforderungen an ein fahrzeugseitiges Ortungssystem sind breit gefächert, weisen Schnittstellen zu anderen Systemen auf und können teilweise durch bestehende Festlegungen zur Interoperabilität des europäischen Eisenbahnnetzes ab- geleitet werden. 6. Die Entwicklung eines technischen Systems muss neben funktionalen Anforderun- gen u. a. auch Aspekte rechtlicher, wirtschaftlicher oder organisatorischer Natur be- rücksichtigen und ist von Beginn an darauf abzustimmen. 7 Danksagung Danksagung Die Welt ein Stück lebenswerter zu machen bedarf keiner Heldentaten. Oft sind es die kleinen Dinge im Leben die das Leben besser machen. Deshalb möchte ich einigen Menschen an dieser Stelle besonders danken. Zunächst natürlich allen, die mir bei der Recherche geholfen haben. Nicht zu unter- schätzen sind vor allem die persönlichen Gespräche, die in meinen Augen über die reine Informationsgewinnung hinaus wichtige Impulse für die Arbeit gegeben haben. Mein Dank dafür richtet sich an: . Frau Dipl.-Ing. Daria Bachurina (CERSS) . Frau Dipl.-Ing. Elena Kosukhina (Technische Universität Dresden) . Herrn Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörn Pachl (Technische Universität Braunschweig) . Herr Dipl.-Inform. (FH) André Schiller (Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe AG) . Herrn Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Wolf (Technische Universität Dresden) Der Erfolg vieler Projekte hängt maßgeblich von der Kompetenz und Motivation der Beteiligten, aber auch von einem guten Miteinander ab. Das Projekt „Diplomarbeit Kirschbauer“ (#Seekuh) stand hier auf einem sicheren Fundament. Danke meinen bei- den Betreuern: . Herrn Dr.-Ing. Michael Kunze (CERSS) . Herrn Dipl.-Ing. Martin Sommer (CERSS) Verschiedene methodische Hinweise, die mir bei der Anfertigung der Arbeit geholfen haben, verdanke ich meinen (Ex-)Kommilitonen. Ein herzliches Vergelt’s Gott an: . Herrn Leander Flamm (Technische Universität Dresden) . Herrn Dipl.-Ing. Michael Tanz (CERSS) Neben der fachlichen und methodischen Unterstützung ist es wichtig Freunde zu haben. Hier die richtigen Worte zu finden, ist – man lese und staune – mir nicht gelungen. Deswegen für meine Freunde ein Merci viel, vielmal! . Dipl.-Ing. Felipe Galarza Leusch . Philipp Richter . Lukas Hamberger . Dipl.-Kffr. Katrin Römer . M. Ed. Wiebke Janßen . Dr.-Ing. Eric J. Schöne . Sabine „ohne Titel bitte“ Oettrich . Dr.-Ing. Steffen Schranil Und viele liebe Menschen, die ich hier nicht namentlich erwähnen will! 8 Vorbemerkungen Vorbemerkungen Die Wiedergabe von Gebrauchsnamen, Handelsnamen, Warenbezeichnungen etc. in der vorliegenden Arbeit berechtigt – auch ohne besondere Kennzeichnung – nicht zu der Annahme, dass solche Namen im Sinne der Warenzeichen- und Markenschutz- Gesetzgebung als frei zu betrachten wären und daher von jedermann benutzt werden dürfen. Sofern eine Verwendung von Produktbezeichnungen, Firmennamen oder Ähnlichem erfolgt, geschieht dies nicht zu Werbezwecken oder aus anderen kommerziellen Interes- sen heraus, sondern nur zur exakten Benennung. Bestimmte Begriffe werden im Text kursiv gesetzt, um sie hervorzuheben. Das betrifft Verweise auf bestimmte Abschnitte in den benutzten Quellen. Beispielhaft genannt sei der Verweis auf [PAC13] Abschnitt 1.2 Gesetzliche Grundlagen für den Bau und Be- trieb von Schienenbahnen. Ebenfalls kursiv gesetzt werden Bezeichnungen, die direkt aus einer Quelle übernommen wurden. Sie entsprechen nicht immer den Regeln der deutschen Rechtschreibung, werden aber unverändert übernommen. Ziel ist es, diese Begriffe einheitlich zu verwenden und die Arbeit mit der jeweiligen Quelle zu erleich- tern. Ein Beispiel dafür ist railroad management system. 9 Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung .................................................................................................. 14 1.1 Motivation ........................................................................................ 14 1.2 Zielstellung ....................................................................................... 14 1.3 Vorgehen .......................................................................................... 15 2 Grundlagen und Begriffe ......................................................................... 17 2.1 Grundlegende Begriffe des Systems Eisenbahn ........................... 17 2.1.1 Abgrenzung der Begriffe ....................................................... 17 2.1.2 Aufgaben der Sicherungstechnik .......................................... 20 2.1.3 Aufgaben der Leittechnik ...................................................... 22 2.1.4 Aufgaben der Telematik ........................................................ 23 2.2 Begriffsabgrenzung der Netzbereiche ........................................... 25 2.2.1 Neue Sekundärbahn .............................................................. 25 2.2.2 Kernnetz ................................................................................ 26 2.2.3 Transeuropäische Netze ....................................................... 26 2.2.4 Zusammenhang der Netzteile ............................................... 26 2.3 Physikalische Betrachtungen ......................................................... 27 2.4 Grundlegendes zur Ortung bei Schienenbahnen ......................... 30 2.5 Einordnung verschiedener Ortungsmöglichkeiten ....................... 30 2.6 Begrifflichkeiten fahrzeugseitiger Ortungssysteme ..................... 32 2.6.1 Absolute und relative Ortung ................................................ 32 2.6.2 Initialortung ........................................................................... 33 2.7 Entwicklungstendenzen der Ortung bei Schienenbahnen .......... 33 2.7.1 Forschungs- und Spezifizierungsaktivitäten .......................... 33 2.7.2 Aktivitäten europäischer Organe ........................................... 34 2.7.3 Merkmale des Systems Galileo ............................................ 35 2.7.4 Schlussfolgerung zur weiteren Entwicklung ......................... 38 10 Inhaltsverzeichnis 3 Europäische Ortungslösungen ..............................................................
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