ZIMBABWE EMERGENCY WATER AND SANITATION PROJECT (ZEWSP) Final Results Report (August 2005-August 2006) SUBMITTED TO THE OFFICE OF FOREIGN DISASTER ASSISTANCE (OFDA) UNITED STATTES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (USAID) Cooperative Agreement No: DFD-G-00-05-00172-00 In Country Contact Address: Leslie Scott National Director 59 Joseph Road Off Nursery Road, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe Tel: (263 – 4) 301 715/709, 369027/8, Fax: (263- 4) 301 330 Email: [email protected] December 2006 1 A. SUMMARY Organization: World Vision, Inc Headquarters Mailing Address: 300 I Street, NE, Washington, DC 20002 Date: December 2006 Headquarter Contact Person: Dennis Cherian, Program/Technical Specialist, Grants Acquisition and Management Telephone: +1(202) 572 6378 Fax: +1(202) 572 6480 Email Address: [email protected] Field Contact Person: Leslie Scott Telephone: + (263) 4 301 715/709, 369027/8 Fax: + (263) 4 301 330 Email: [email protected] Program Title: Zimbabwe Emergency Water and Sanitation Project (ZEWSP) USAID/OFDA Grant No: DFD-G-00-05-00172-00 Country/Region: Zimbabwe, Southern Africa Type of Disaster/Hazard: Complex emergency resulting from drought Time Period covered by this report: August 2, 2005 - August 31, 2006 2 B. PROGRAM OVERVIEW AND PERFORMANCE 1.0. OVERALL PROJECT OBJECTIVE To increase access to potable water, sanitation and hygiene for 65, 000 individuals (13,000 households) in the highly drought- and HIV/AIDS – affected districts of Beitbridge, Gwanda and Mangwe in Matabeleland, South Province through the provision of 300 water points. 1.1. OBJECTIVE Improved access to potable water, sanitation and hygiene for 65,000 individuals (13,000 vulnerable households) 1.2. DESCRIPTION OF ASSESSMENTS AND SURVEILLANCE DATA USED TO MEASURE RESULTS A total of three baseline surveys were conducted in Gwanda, Beitbridge and Mangwe districts (one per district) in order to measure the status of key performance indicators of the program. The baseline surveys were conducted in three targeted wards per district within the three districts and random sampling was used to select three villages in each ward. The sample size per ward was calculated to be proportional to the population within the wards. The total sampled population in Beitbridge, Gwanda and Mangwe was 258, 467 and 231 respectively. The surveys were conducted in December 2005 in Gwanda, March 2006 in Beitbridge and April/May 2006 in Mangwe district. A final program survey and evaluation was conducted by Factel Water Industries, a consultancy firm contracted by World Vision as independent evaluators, in September 2006 after the completion of the program in August 2006. The final survey objectives were to assess if the project met the stated objectives, evaluate the processes and approach used in implementation as well as recommending improvements that could be incorporated in similar future programs. The evaluation was done through document review of all literature relating to the project, field visits, interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and administering of questionnaires. Nine out of the 13 wards where the project was implemented were visited during the evaluation. A total of 31 boreholes were visited while 155 households had questionnaires administered to them. Focus group discussion and structured interviews were held with key World Vision staff, rural district councils, members of the district water & sanitation subcommittee, councilors, kraal heads and beneficiaries of the capacity building program. 3 1.3. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF TARGETED AND REACHABLE POPULATION Demographic Profile Gwanda Beitbridge Mangwe Wards Targeted 7 (#11,12, 16- 3 (#4-6) 6 (#5- 20) 10) Total Population in Male 19,413 15,231 15,912 1 targeted wards Female 23,230 18,118 19,859 Total 42,643 33,349 71,542 Household Head Male 62% 71% 61.5% Female 38% 29% 38.5% Marital Status Married 58% 68% 62.2% Single 4% 5.6% Widowed 32% 23% Divorced 5% 27.7% Average Household Size 6.62 8 6.3 1.4. NUMBER OF BENEFICIARIES TARGETED AND REACHED The project had initially targeted 65,000 beneficiaries, but 72,480 people benefited from improved water supply. This is because an average of 40 households or 240 individuals (at 6 members per household) use a borehole in the districts. Therefore, for 302 boreholes rehabilitated, approximately 72,480 individuals benefited from improved access to water, exceeding the original target of 65,000. At district level the number of people assisted with safe water as a result of the OFDA project represents 18.4%, 21.7% and 19.2% for Mangwe, Gwanda and Beitbridge respectively. However, at ward level, the impact was greater. The cumulative number of beneficiaries trained in various aspects in Gwanda, Beitbridge and Mangwe districts is presented in the table below. Activity Number of Beneficiaries reached per district Gwanda Beitbridge Mangwe Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Water Point 228 422 650 74 89 163 42 98 140 Users Committee members trained Village Pump 40 11 51 9 6 11 22 15 37 Minders Trained Water Users 1 18 19 2 32 34 1 23 24 trained in Soap Making Water Users 6300 8500 15000 93 466 559 417 943 1360 trained in PHHE 1.5. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DATA Key Performance Indicator: Increased number of individuals with access to potable water sources in the three districts. 1 Data from 2002 Census Ward Populations 4 Direct quantitative data on this indicator was not collected; rather access is analyzed through indicators of change in average distance traveled to a water point and water usage, which are described in detail in following sections. To measure this impact- level achievement, a survey analyzing the primary source of water for households in targeted wards may be undertaken in future months. Key Performance Indicator: Increased number of individuals demonstrating improved sanitation In all the targeted districts, 94.3% of respondents in the final survey acknowledged change in their hygiene behavior as a result of the project. Diarrhea incidence data for under-fives was collected from clinics in one ward from each target district in the final survey. The number of reported diarrhea cases is plotted in the graph below. These have not been expressed as percentages since the total number of children treated was not available from clinic records, but meaningful patterns can be observed. Reported Diarrhoea incidence in children under 5 years 20 18 16 14 12 Mangwe 10 Gwanda B/Bridge Number of cases 8 6 4 2 0 January February March April May June July August September Months (2006) The clinic data for Gwanda and Beitbridge indicates a decrease in reported cases of diarrhea after the initiation of the project. Borehole rehabilitation began in February and March 2006 for Gwanda and Beitbridge respectively. While the reduction in diarrhea cases can also be due to a reduction in usage and availability of open/unsafe sources of water as the year progressed, it is highly possible that the project had a large contribution towards the reduction in diarrhea observed. About 95% of the respondents surveyed confirmed that diarrhea cases had decreased and 96% reported no diarrhea cases in the previous week. In Mangwe the pattern observed was different. The nurse at Ingwizi clinic explained that people were drinking water from 5 a nearby irrigation canal, due to the breakdown of two boreholes in the area. It is possible that diarrhea incidence is increasing due to reduced sources of safe water for the clinic population. Additional details are within the Baseline Survey and Final Evaluation report. See also summary table in annex one. 1.6. ACHIEVEMENTS, CONSTRAINTS ENCOUNTERED, ADJUSTMENTS MADE TO ANY OBJECTIVE 1.6.1 Achievements The project has adopted a strategy of district rotation to make efficient use of limited human and other resources. As a result, the program commenced operations in Gwanda district in October 2005 and conducted the majority of the activities in that district before proceeding to Beitbridge district in February 2006. Implementation of program activities commenced in Mangwe district in April 2006. The project was completed on 31 August 2006. Targets for borehole rehabilitation were exceeded (302 out of 300). However, targets for training were not consistently met due to severe pressures of limited staffing. 1.6.2. Constraints The amount of training involved planned in the design of the project exceeded the capacity of the human resources and the timeline of project implementation, especially given the district rotational approach adopted to maximize efficient use of staff and physical resources, such as fuel and vehicles. This was due in part to the challenging macro-economic operating context and the resultant pressure on budget resources. An additional constraint to the measurement of the achievement of the objective is the timing of the evaluation/final survey. The survey was conducted immediately following the completion of project activities, whereas results, particularly at an objective level, may not be measurable until a few months later. 1.6.3. Adjustments made to Objective There were no significant adjustments made to the objective. 2.0. EXPECTED RESULTS 2.1. Expected Result # 1 Increase number (300) of potable water sources for 65,000 vulnerable people (13,000 households). 6 2.1.1. Number of water points rehabilitated. Cumulatively, the ZEWSP has rehabilitated a total of 302 water points: 131 water sources in Gwanda, 100 in Beitbridge and 71 in Mangwe district. This result exceeds the target of