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Mopane Woodlands and the Mopane Worm: Enhancing Rural Livelihoods and Resource Sustainability
Mopane Woodlands and the Mopane Worm: Enhancing rural livelihoods and resource sustainability Final Technical Report Edited by Jaboury Ghazoul1, Division of Biology, Imperial College London Authors and contributors Mopane Tree Management: Dirk Wessels2, Member Mushongohande3, Martin Potgeiter7 Domestication Strategies: Alan Gardiner4, Jaboury Ghazoul Kgetsie ya Tsie Case Study: John Pearce5 Livelihoods and Marketing: Jayne Stack6, Peter Frost7, Witness Kozanayi3, Tendai Gondo3, Nyarai Kurebgaseka8, Andrew Dorward9, Nigel Poole5 New Technologies: Frank Taylor10, Alan Gardiner Choice experiments: Robert Hope11, Witness Kozanayi, Tendai Gondo Mopane worm diseases: Robert Knell12 Start and End Date 1 May 2001 – 31 January 2006 DFID Project Reference Number R 7822 Research Programme Forestry Research Programme (FRP) Research Production System Forest Agriculture Interface 1 Also ETH Zürich, Department of Environmental Sciences, ETH Zentrum CHN, Universitätstrasse 16, Zürich 8092, Switzerland 2 Department of Botany, university fo the North, South Africa 3 Forest Commission, Harare, Zimbabwe 4 Veld Products Research and Development, Gabarone, and Division of Biology, Imperial College London 5 Kgetsie ya Tsie, Tswapong Hills, Botswana 6 Imperial College London and University of Zimbabwe, Project Co-ordinator 7 Institute of Environmental Studies 8 Southern Alliance for Indigenous Resources 9 Imperial College London, Centre for Environmental Policy. 10 Veld Products Research and Development 11 University of Newcastle 12 Queen Mary College, University of London 1 Contents Executive Summary 3 Background 3 Project Purpose 6 Research Activities Section 1. Mopane tree ecology and management 7 Section 2.1 Mopane worm productivity and domestication 18 Section 2.2 Mini-livestock: Rural Mopane Worm Farming at the Household Level 34 Section 3. A case study of the Kgetsie ya Tsie community enterprise model for managing and trading mopane worms 59 Section 4. -
Malaria Outbreak Investigation in a Rural Area South of Zimbabwe: a Case–Control Study Paddington T
Mundagowa and Chimberengwa Malar J (2020) 19:197 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03270-0 Malaria Journal RESEARCH Open Access Malaria outbreak investigation in a rural area south of Zimbabwe: a case–control study Paddington T. Mundagowa1* and Pugie T. Chimberengwa2 Abstract Background: Ninety percent of the global annual malaria mortality cases emanate from the African region. About 80–90% of malaria transmissions in sub-Saharan Africa occur indoors during the night. In Zimbabwe, 79% of the population are at risk of contracting the disease. Although the country has made signifcant progress towards malaria elimination, isolated seasonal outbreaks persistently resurface. In 2017, Beitbridge District was experiencing a second malaria outbreak within 12 months prompting the need for investigating the outbreak. Methods: An unmatched 1:1 case–control study was conducted to establish the risk factors associated with con- tracting malaria in Ward 6 of Beitbridge District from week 36 to week 44 of 2017. The sample size constituted of 75 randomly selected cases and 75 purposively selected controls. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and Epi Info version 7.2.1.0 was used to conduct descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses of the factors associated with contracting malaria. Results: Fifty-two percent of the cases were females and the mean age of cases was 29 13 years. Cases were diag- nosed using rapid diagnostic tests. Sleeping in a house with open eaves (OR: 2.97; 95% CI± 1.44–6.16; p < 0.01), spend- ing the evenings outdoors (OR: 2.24; 95% CI 1.04–4.85; p 0.037) and sleeping in a poorly constructed house (OR: 4.33; 95% CI 1.97–9.51; p < 0.01) were signifcantly associated= with contracting malaria while closing eaves was protec- tive (OR: 0.45; 95% CI 0.20–1.02; p 0.055). -
Conference Paper Series
POLITICAL ECONOMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE University of Massachusetts Amherst Community Rights, Costs, and Benefits: The Question of Natural Resource Stewardship and Community Benefits in Zimbabwe’s CAMPFIRE Program James C. Murombedzi January 2003 CONFERENCE PAPER SERIES No. 16 Committees, Rights, Costs and Benefits: The Question of Natural Resource Stewardship and Community Benefits in Zimbabwe’s CAMPFIRE Program James C. Murombedzi The Ford Foundation Johannesburg, South Africa 1 In the CAMPFIRE formulation, the resource management problems obtaining in the communal areas of Zimbabwe are the result of the absence of both the institutional capacity as well as the incentives to manage the resources in question. The CAMPFIRE solution, therefore, was to introduce new systems of group ownership and territorial rights to natural resources to communities, and provide the appropriate institutions for legitimate resource management for the benefit of these communities (Martin 1986). The implementation of this solution was attained through the enactment of an amendment to the Parks and Wild Life Act of 1975, which enables the government to delegate appropriate authority over the wildlife to the ‘communal representatives’. The CAMPFIRE program in fact constitutes a transfer of the notion of ownership, successfully implemented with regard to individual landowners, to communal landowners (Farquharson 1993). This chapter tests the extent to which CAMPFIRE has in fact been able to devolve ownership over wildlife to communities in the communal areas, and thereby promoted stewardship of wildlife through the production of benefits for the participating communities. To achieve this, I will proceed by first evaluating the extent to which CAMPFIRE has succeeded in eliciting stewardship of the wildlife resource by participating communities through the devolution of clear and unambiguous rights to wildlife to these communities. -
Nyasa Clandestine Migration Through Southern Rhodesia Into the Union of South Africa: 1920S – 1950S
Settling in Motion: Nyasa Clandestine Migration through Southern Rhodesia into the Union of South Africa: 1920s – 1950s Anusa Daimon Centre for Africa Studies University of the Free State Bloemfontein, South Africa Abstract Illegal African migration into South Africa is not uniquely a post-apartheid phenomenon. It has its antecedents in the colonial/apartheid period. The South Africa colonial economy relied heavily on cheap African labour from both within and outside the Union. Most foreign migrant labourers came from the then Nyasaland (Malawi) and Portuguese East Africa (Mozambique) through official channels of the Witwatersrand Native Labour Association (WNLA). WNLA was active throughout the Southern Africa and competed for the same labour resource with other regional supranational ‘native’ labour recruitment agencies, providing various incentives to lure and transport potential employees to its bustling South African gold and diamond mining industry. However, not all migrant labourers found their way through formal WNLA channels. Using archival material from repositories in Harare (Zimbabwe), Zomba (Malawi), Grahamstown (South Africa), London and Oxford (UK), the article casts light on illicit migration mainly by Malawian labourers (Nyasas) through Southern Rhodesia into South Africa between the 1920s and 1950s. It argues that many transient Nyasas subverted the inhibitive WNLA contractual obligations by clandestinely migrating independently into the Union. They also exploited the labour recruitment infrastructure used by the state and labour bureaus to swiftly move across Southern Rhodesia. In essence, Nyasas settled in motion, using Southern Rhodesia as a stepping-stone or springboard en-route to the more lucrative Union of South Africa. An appreciation of such informal migration opens up space for creating a more comprehensive historiography of labour migration in Southern Africa. -
LAN Installation Sites Coordinates
ANNEX VIII LAN Installation sites coordinates Item Geographical/Location Service Delivery Tic Points (List k if HEALTH CENTRE Site # PROVINCE DISTRICT Dept/umits DHI (EPMS SITE) LAN S 2 services Sit COORDINATES required e LOT 1: List of 83 Sites BUDIRIRO 1 HARARE HARARE POLYCLINIC [30.9354,-17.8912] ALL X BEATRICE 2 HARARE HARARE RD.INFECTIO [31.0282,-17.8601] ALL X WILKINS 3 HARARE HARARE INFECTIOUS H ALL X GLEN VIEW 4 HARARE HARARE POLYCLINIC [30.9508,-17.908] ALL X 5 HARARE HARARE HATCLIFFE P.C.C. [31.1075,-17.6974] ALL X KAMBUZUMA 6 HARARE HARARE POLYCLINIC [30.9683,-17.8581] ALL X KUWADZANA 7 HARARE HARARE POLYCLINIC [30.9285,-17.8323] ALL X 8 HARARE HARARE MABVUKU P.C.C. [31.1841,-17.8389] ALL X RUTSANANA 9 HARARE HARARE CLINIC [30.9861,-17.9065] ALL X 10 HARARE HARARE HATFIELD PCC [31.0864,-17.8787] ALL X Address UNDP Office in Zimbabwe Block 10, Arundel Office Park, Norfolk Road, Mt Pleasant, PO Box 4775, Harare, Zimbabwe Tel: (263 4) 338836-44 Fax:(263 4) 338292 Email: [email protected] NEWLANDS 11 HARARE HARARE CLINIC ALL X SEKE SOUTH 12 HARARE CHITUNGWIZA CLINIC [31.0763,-18.0314] ALL X SEKE NORTH 13 HARARE CHITUNGWIZA CLINIC [31.0943,-18.0152] ALL X 14 HARARE CHITUNGWIZA ST.MARYS CLINIC [31.0427,-17.9947] ALL X 15 HARARE CHITUNGWIZA ZENGEZA CLINIC [31.0582,-18.0066] ALL X CHITUNGWIZA CENTRAL 16 HARARE CHITUNGWIZA HOSPITAL [31.0628,-18.0176] ALL X HARARE CENTRAL 17 HARARE HARARE HOSPITAL [31.0128,-17.8609] ALL X PARIRENYATWA CENTRAL 18 HARARE HARARE HOSPITAL [30.0433,-17.8122] ALL X MURAMBINDA [31.65555953980,- 19 MANICALAND -
Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Mothers of Infants Aged 6 to 12 Months in Gwanda District, Zimbabwe Paddington T
Mundagowa et al. International Breastfeeding Journal (2019) 14:30 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-019-0225-x RESEARCH Open Access Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers of infants aged 6 to 12 months in Gwanda District, Zimbabwe Paddington T. Mundagowa1*, Elizabeth M. Chadambuka1, Pugie T. Chimberengwa2 and Fadzai Mukora-Mutseyekwa3 Abstract Background: In 2016, 98% of children in Zimbabwe received breastmilk, however only 40% of babies under six months were exclusively breastfed 24 h prior to data collection. A 2014 survey revealed that Matabeleland South Province had the country’s highest starvation rates and food insecurities were rife. This study aimed at investigating maternal, infant, household, environmental and cultural factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice in Gwanda District. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2018. Interviews used pretested structured questionnaires for 225 mothers of infants aged between six and twelve months at immunization outreach points and health facilities. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate analysis estimated the association between the dependent and independent variables. Exclusive breastfeeding was defined as feeding an infant on breast milk only from birth up to the age of six months. Results: The majority of mothers (n = 193; 89%) had knowledge about EBF and 189 (84%) expressed a positive attitude towards the practice, however, only 81 (36%) practiced exclusive breastfeeding. The most common complementary food/fluid given to the infants was plain water (n = 85; 59%). Predictors for EBF were: maternal Human Immuno-deficiency Virus positive status (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.30; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.17, 0.56) and being economically independent (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.21, 0.79). -
THE HISTORY of the TONGA and FISHING COOPERATIVES in BINGA DISTRICT 1950S-2015
FACULTY OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY EMPOWERMENT OR CONTROL? : THE HISTORY OF THE TONGA AND FISHING COOPERATIVES IN BINGA DISTRICT 1950s-2015 BY HONOUR M.M. SINAMPANDE R131722P DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF ARTS IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE HONOURS DEGREE IN HISTORY AT MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY. NOVEMBER 2016 ZVISHAVANE: ZIMBABWE SUPERVISOR DR. T.M. MASHINGAIDZE APPROVAL FORM The undersigned certify that they have supervised the student Honour M.M Sinampande (R131722P) dissertation entitled Empowerment or Control? : The history of the Tonga and fishing cooperatives in Binga District 1950-210 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Bachelor of Arts in History Honours Degree offered by Midlands State University. Dr. T.M Mashingaidze ……………………… SUPERVISOR DATE …….……………………………………… …………………………….. CHAIRPERSON DATE ….………………………………………… …………………………….. EXTERNAL EXAMINER DATE DECLARATION I, Honour M.M Sinampande declare that, Empowerment or Control? : The history of the Tonga and fishing cooperatives in Binga District 1950s-2015 is my own work and it has never been submitted before any degree or examination in any other university. I declare that all sources which have been used have been acknowledged. I authorize the Midlands State University to lend this to other institution or individuals for purposes of academic research only. Honour M.M Sinampande …………………………………………… 2016 DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my father Mr. H.M Sinampande and my mother Ms. J. Muleya for their inspiration, love and financial support throughout my four year degree programme. ABSTRACT The history of the Tonga have it that, the introduction of the fishing villages initially and then later the cooperative system in Binga District from the 1950s-2015 saw the Zambezi Tonga lose their fishing rights. -
SOCIAL ENTERPRISE AS the GAME-CHANGER: EMBRACING INNOVATION and DYNAMISM in CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE in ZIMBABWE Rangarirai Franka & Zororo Murandab
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ AJSW, Volume 6 Number 1 2016 Frank, R. & Muranda, Z. Publisher African Journal of Social Work Afri. j. soc. work © National Association of Social Workers-Zimbabwe/Author(s) ISSN Print 1563-3934 ISSN Online 2409-5605 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License SOCIAL ENTERPRISE AS THE GAME-CHANGER: EMBRACING INNOVATION AND DYNAMISM IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE IN ZIMBABWE Rangarirai Franka & Zororo Murandab ABSTRACT The integration of economic and social value creation through social entrepreneurship has become a global phenomenon. Only recently, social work practitioners, researchers, and academics have begun to explore social entrepreneurship including its significance to social work practice. This paper discusses social enterprise as an innovative and dynamic approach to social work practice which addresses complex societal challenges within a constrained but constantly changing environment. Since social entrepreneurship embraces the application of business acumen to raise income for the purposes of supporting a social mission, its application to social work practice in Zimbabwe’s voluntary sector has become indispensable, given the dwindling state and donor funds to support and sustain social services delivery. The paper underscores that since social enterprise is premised on a culture of innovation, openness and adaption, it represents a hands-on approach to sustainable -
The Political Ecology of Poverty Alleviation in Zimbabwe's Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources CAMPFIRE) B
Geoforum 33 2002) 1±14 www.elsevier.com/locate/geoforum The political ecology of poverty alleviation in Zimbabwe's Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources CAMPFIRE) B. Ikubolajeh Logan a, William G. Moseley b a Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2502, USA b Department of Geography, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL 60115-2854, USA Received 13 November 2000; in revised form 25 June 2001 Abstract The CAMPFIRE program in Zimbabwe is one of a `new breed' of strategies designed to tackle environmental management at the grassroots level. CAMPFIRE aims to help rural communities to manage their resources, especially wildlife, for their own local development. The program's central objective is to alleviate rural poverty by giving rural communities autonomy over resource management and to demonstrate to them that wildlife is not necessarily a hindrance to arable agriculture, ``but a resource that could be managed and `cultivated' to provide income and food''. In this paper, we assess two important elements of CAMPFIRE: poverty alleviation and local empowerment and comment on the program's performance in achieving these highly interconnected objectives. We analyze the program's achievements in poverty alleviation by exploring tenurial patterns, resource ownership and the allocation of proceeds from resource exploitation; and its progress in local empowerment by examining its administrative and decision making structures. We conclude that the program cannot eectively achieve the goal of poverty alleviation without ®rst addressing the administrative and legal structures that underlie the country's political ecology. Ó 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Political ecology; Poverty alleviation; Community-empowerment; CAMPFIRE 1. -
Mashonaland Central Province : 2013 Harmonised Elections:Presidential Election Results
MASHONALAND CENTRAL PROVINCE : 2013 HARMONISED ELECTIONS:PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION RESULTS Mugabe Robert Mukwazhe Ncube Dabengwa Gabriel (ZANU Munodei Kisinoti Welshman Tsvangirayi Total Votes Ballot Papers Total Valid Votes District Local Authority Constituency Ward No. Polling Station Facility Dumiso (ZAPU) PF) (ZDP) (MDC) Morgan (MDC-T) Rejected Unaccounted for Total Votes Cast Cast Bindura Bindura Municipality Bindura North 1 Bindura Primary Primary School 2 519 0 1 385 6 0 913 907 Bindura Bindura Municipality Bindura North 1 Bindura Hospital Tent 0 525 0 8 521 11 0 1065 1054 2 POLLING STATIONS WARD TOTAL 2 1,044 0 9 906 17 0 1,978 1,961 Bindura Bindura Municipality Bindura North 2 Bindura University New Site 0 183 2 1 86 2 0 274 272 Bindura Bindura Municipality Bindura North 2 Shashi Primary Primary School 0 84 0 2 60 2 0 148 146 Bindura Bindura Municipality Bindura North 2 Zimbabwe Open UniversityTent 2 286 1 4 166 5 0 464 459 3 POLLING STATIONS WARD TOTAL 2 553 3 7 312 9 0 886 877 Bindura Bindura Municipality Bindura North 3 Chipindura High Secondary School 2 80 0 0 81 1 2 164 163 Bindura Bindura Municipality Bindura North 3 DA’s Campus Tent 1 192 0 7 242 2 0 444 442 2 POLLING STATIONS WARD TOTAL 3 272 0 7 323 3 2 608 605 Bindura Bindura Municipality Bindura North 4 Salvation Army Primary School 1 447 0 7 387 12 0 854 842 1 POLLING STATIONS WARD TOTAL 1 447 0 7 387 12 0 854 842 Bindura Bindura Municipality Bindura North 5 Chipadze A Primary School ‘A’ 0 186 2 0 160 4 0 352 348 Bindura Bindura Municipality Bindura North 5 Chipadze B -
MASHONALAND EAST PROVINCE - Basemap
MASHONALAND EAST PROVINCE - Basemap Mashonaland Central Karanda Chimandau Guruve MukosaMukosa Guruve Kamusasa Karanda Marymount Matsvitsi Marymount Mary Mount Locations ShinjeShinje Horseshoe Nyamahobobo Ruyamuro RUSHINGA CentenaryDavid Nelson Nyamatikiti Nyamatikiti Province Capital Nyakapupu M a z o w e CENTENARY Mazowe St. Pius MOUNT DARWIN 2 Chipuriro Mount DarwinZRP NyanzouNyanzou Mt Darwin Chidikamwedzi Town 17 GoromonziNyahuku Tsakare GURUVE Jingamvura MAKONDE Kafura Nyamhondoro Place of Local Importance Bepura 40 Kafura Mugarakamwe Mudindo Nyamanyora Chingamuka Bure Katanya Nyamanyora Bare Chihuri Dindi ARDA Sisi Manga Dindi Goora Mission M u s e n g e z i Nyakasoro KondoKondo Zvomanyanga Goora Wa l t o n Chinehasha Madziwa Chitsungo Mine Silverside Donje Madombwe Mutepatepa Nyamaruro C o w l e y Chistungo Chisvo DenderaDendera Nyamapanda Birkdale Chimukoko Nyamapanda Chindunduma 13 Mukodzongi UMFURUDZI SAFARI AREA Madziwa Chiunye KotwaKotwa 16 Chiunye Shinga Health Facility Nyakudya UZUMBA MARAMBA PFUNGWE Shinga Kotwa Nyakudya Bradley Institute Borera Kapotesa Shopo ChakondaTakawira MvurwiMvurwi Makope Raffingora Jester H y d e Maramba Ayrshire Madziwa Raffingora Mvurwi Farm Health Scheme Nyamaropa MUDZI Kasimbwi Masarakufa Boundaries Rusununguko Madziva Mine Madziwa Vanad R u y a Madziwa Masarakufa Shutu Nyamukoho P e m b i Nzvimbo M u f u r u d z i Madziva Teacher's College Vanad Nzvimbo Chidembo SHAMVA Masenda National Boundary Feock MutawatawaMutawatawa Mudzi Rosa Muswewenhede Chakonda Suswe Mutorashanga Madimutsa Chiwarira -
University of Pretoria Etd – Nsingo, SAM (2005)
University of Pretoria etd – Nsingo, S A M (2005) - 181 - CHAPTER FOUR THE PROFILE, STRUCTURE AND OPERATIONS OF THE BEITBRIDGE RURAL DISTRICT COUNCIL INTRODUCTION This chapter describes the basic features of the Beitbridge District. It looks at the organisation of the Beitbridge Rural District Council and explores its operations as provided in the Rural District Councils Act of 1988 and the by-laws of council. The chapter then looks at performance measurement in the public sector and local government, in particular. This is followed by a discussion of democratic participation, service provision and managerial excellence including highlights of their relevance to this study. BEITBRIDGE DISTRICT PROFILE The Beitbridge District is located in the most southern part of Zimbabwe. It is one of the six districts of Matebeleland South province. It shares borders with Botswana in the west, South Africa in the south, Mwenezi District from the north to the east, and Gwanda District in the northwest. Its geographical area is a result of amalgamating the Beitbridge District Council and part of the Mwenezi- Beitbridge Rural District Council. The other part of the latter was amalgamated with the Mwenezi District to form what is now the Mwenezi District Council. Significant to note, from the onset, is that Beitbridge District is one of the least developed districts in Zimbabwe. Worse still, it is located in region five (5), which is characterized by poor rainfall and very hot conditions. As such, it is not suitable for crop farming, although this takes place through irrigation schemes. University of Pretoria etd – Nsingo, S A M (2005) - 182 - The district is made up of an undulating landscape with shrubs, isolated hills and four big rivers.