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Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Patch and Gel of Nateglinide
Human Journals Research Article September 2015 Vol.:4, Issue:2 © All rights are reserved by C. Aparna et al. Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Patch and Gel of Nateglinide Keywords: Nateglinide, transdermal patch and gel, HPMC, ethyl cellulose, carbopol, PVA, PVP ABSTRACT Anusha Gundeti, C. Aparna*, Dr. Prathima Srinivas The objective of the present work was to formulate Transdermal Drug Delivery systems of Nateglinide, an Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Venkateshwara antidiabetic drug belonging to meglitinide class with a half life of 1.5 hrs. Transdermal patches containing nateglinide were College of Pharmacy, prepared by solvent casting method using the combinations Affiliated to Osmania University, of HPMC:EC, PVA:PVP, HPMC:Eudragit RS 100, Eudragit RL100:RS100 in different proportions and by incorporating Madhapur, Hyderabad, Telangana -500081, India. different permeation enhancers (polyethylene glycol 400, Su bmission: 7 September 2015 DMSO). The transdermal patches were evaluated for their physicochemical properties like thickness, weight variation, Accepted: 11 September 2015 folding endurance, percentage moisture absorption, percentage Published: 25 September 2015 moisture loss, in-vitro diffusion studies & ex-vivo permeation studies. Transdermal Gel was formulated using HPMC, carbopol 934, carbopol 940 and methyl cellulose. Gels were evaluated for homogeneity, pH, viscosity, drug content, in-vitro diffusion studies & ex-vivo permeation studies. By comparing the drug release F5 (HPMC:EC) formulation was selected as optimized formulation as it could sustain the drug release for 12 hrs i.e. 99.2% when compared to gel. Stability studies were www.ijppr.humanjournals.com carried out according to ICH guidelines and the patches maintained integrity and good physicochemical properties during the study period. -
Inhalation Devices: Various Forms of Administration for Therapeutic Optimization
vv ISSN: 2640-8082 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17352/oja CLINICAL GROUP Renata Cristina de Angelo Calsaverini Leal* Review Article Santa Fé do Sul Foundation of Education and Culture, Brazil Inhalation Devices: Various forms Dates: Received: 31 May, 2017; Accepted: 26 June, of administration for Therapeutic 2017; Published: 27 June, 2017 *Corresponding author: Renata Cristina de Angelo Optimization Calsaverini Leal, Santa Fé do Sul Foundation of Education and Culture, Brazil, Tel: 55 (17) 3272-2769, E-mail: Keywords: Inhalation; Aerosol; Nebulizer Summary https://www.peertechz.com Introduction: Aerosol therapy consists of spraying liquid particles suspended for therapeutic purposes in the respiratory tract. With direct absorption and deposition at the lung level, avoiding side effects and presenting fast response time. Several factors infl uence the drug action, such as size, particle movement, ventilatory fl ow, pulmonary expansion, anatomy, respiratory mechanics and the nebulizer and patient interface. The therapeutic optimization depends on the type of nebulizer differentiating itself by the physical principle that generates the mist. Objectives: Check advantages and disadvantages of different inhalation devices. Methodology. This is a review of the PubMed database using descriptors: ultrasonic and jet nebulizer, aerosol deposition in the lung, metered dose inhaler and dry, inhaler therapy. Results: Different devices are mentioned in the literature: pneumatic and ultrasonic nebulizers (administering solutions), metered pressurized inhalers - pMDI used with or without expander chamber (administering suspensions) and dry powder inhalers - DPI (administering powder). Discussion and Conclusion: The US has advantages: quiet, does not require coordinating abilities, without propellant gases and quick nebulization with small amount of solution. Disadvantages: change in the active principle of thermosensitive drugs, deposition in the oropharynx and VAI of 2% of inhaled particles. -
Inhaled Steroids in Asthma a Patient's Guide
I I v v v v d v v Patient advice and liaison service (PALS) Actions r v If you have a compliment, complaint or It is sensible to ensure you make the r concern please contact our PALS team on following steps now you have a new r 020 7288 5551 or inhaler d [email protected] d d Pick up our guide on inhalers and If you need a large print, audio or spacers to complement this leaflet translated copy of this leaflet please Inhaled Steroids in Agree on a personalised asthma contact us on 020 7288 3182. We will try plan (this is done with your doctor or our best to meet your needs. Asthma nurse and usually written down for future reference) Remember to take your medicines A patient’s guide as advised Should your inhalers fail to relieve your symptoms, go straight to Accident and Emergency Need Help? Whittington Paediatric Asthma Nurse Tel: 020 7288 5527 Whittington Health Community Nurse Magdala Avenue Islington 020 3316 1950 (8am-6pm) London N19 5NF Haringey 020 8887 3301 (9am – 5pm) Phone: 020 7272 3070 www.whittington.nhs.uk Asthma UK 0300 222 5800 Date published: 25/09/2018 www.asthma.org.uk Review date: 25/09/2020 Ref: C&YP/Paed/ISA/03 © Whittington Health Please recycle Tel: 020 7272 3070 Asthma There are many types of preventer Side Effects Asthma is a common condition affecting inhaler. There are simple steroids like Parents worry about children and young the airway. Usually a trigger (such as dust beclomethasone, and then there are also adults taking inhaled steroids because of or pollen) irritates the airways which combined inhalers, called seretide or side effects they’ve heard about. -
Member List 2016
To help make the use of prescription drugs safer and more affordable, our plan is now using a Drug Quantity Management program. That is, for certain medications, you can receive an amount to last you a certain number of days. This gives you the right amount to take the daily dose considered safe and effective, according to the recommendations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Based on the FDA’s guidelines and other medical information, our plan developed this program together with Express Scripts, the company chosen to manage our prescription drug benefit. The following limits are based on a 30-day supply. If your plan allows for additional days supply, your limits may be higher. For instance, you may be able to get a 90-day supply of your medication through mail order service. Your doctor could also request a prior authorization. If this request is approved, a prior authorization would let you receive more than the recommended quantity. Drug Target Maximum Quantity ABSTRAL 100 MCG TAB SUBLINGUAL 90 units per 30 days ABSTRAL 200 MCG TAB SUBLINGUAL 90 units per 30 days ABSTRAL 300 MCG TAB SUBLINGUAL 90 units per 30 days ABSTRAL 400 MCG TAB SUBLINGUAL 90 units per 30 days ABSTRAL 600 MCG TAB SUBLINGUAL 90 units per 30 days ABSTRAL 800 MCG TAB SUBLINGUAL 90 units per 30 days ACTIQ 1,200 MCG LOZENGE 90 units per 30 days ACTIQ 1,600 MCG LOZENGE 90 units per 30 days ACTIQ 200 MCG LOZENGE 90 units per 30 days ACTIQ 400 MCG LOZENGE 90 units per 30 days ACTIQ 600 MCG LOZENGE 90 units per 30 days ACTIQ 800 MCG LOZENGE 90 units per -
Drugs That Are Not Covered
Drugs that are Not Covered* Current 10/1/21 In addition to this list, newly marketed prescription medications may not be covered until the Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committee has had an opportunity to review the medication, to determine whether the medication will be covered and if so, which tier will apply based on safety, efficacy and the availability of other products within that class of medications. The current list of newly marketed drugs can be found on our New to Market Drug list. Abilify tablets albuterol HFA inhalers (authorized Apexicon E cream Abilify MyCite tablets generics for ProAir, Proventil, Ventolin Apidra vials Absorica capsules HFA inhalers) Apidra SoloStar injection Absorica LD capsules Aldactone tablets Aplenzin tablets Abstral sublingual tablets Aldara cream Apriso capsules Acanya gel and pump gel Alkindi sprinkle capsules Arava tablets Accupril tablets Allegra Children’s Allergy ODT Arazlo lotion acetaminophen 320.5 mg/caffeine 30 Allegra ODT, suspension and tablets Arestin microspheres mg/dihydrocodeine 16 mg Alltizal tablets Aricept tablets capsulesAciphex tablets alogliptin (authorized generic for Aricept ODT Aciphex Sprinkle capsules Nesina) Arimidex tablets Acticlate tablets alogliptin/metformin tablets (authorized Arixtra injection Active-Prep kits generic for Kazano) ArmonAir Digihaler inhaler Activella tablets alogliptin/pioglitazone (authorized ArmonAir Respiclick inhaler Actonel tablets generic for Oseni) Aromasin tablets Actoplus Met tablets Alphagan P 0.1% eye drops Arthrotec 50 and 75 tablets Actos -
An Archetype Swing in Transdermal Drug Delivery
Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2017 ISSN NO: 2231-6876 A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON MICRONEEDLES - AN ARCHETYPE SWING IN TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY G. Ravi*, N. Vishal Gupta, M. P. Gowrav Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University, Shri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, Karnataka, India. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history Transdermal drug delivery is the non-invasive delivery of medications through the skin Received 23/12/2016 surface into the systemic circulation. The advantage of transdermal drug delivery system is Available online that it is painless technique of administration of drugs. The advantage of transdermal drug 31/01/2017 delivery system is that it is painless technique of administration of drugs. Transdermal drug delivery system can improve the therapeutic efficacy and safety of the drugs because drug Keywords delivered through the skin at a predetermined and controlled rate. Due to the various Microneedles, biomedical benefits, it has attracted many researches. The barrier nature of stratumcorneum Hypodermic Needles, poses a danger to the drug delivery. By using microneedles, a pathway into the human body Transdermal, can be recognized which allow transportation of macromolecular drugs such as insulin or Stratumcorneum, vaccine. These microneedles only penetrate outer layers of the skin, exterior sufficient not to Patch. reach the nerve receptors of the deeper skin. Thus the microneedles supplement is supposed painless and reduces the infection and injuries. Researches from the past few years showed that microneedles have emerged as a novel carrier and considered to be effective for safe and improved delivery of the different drugs. Microneedles development is created a new pathway in the drug delivery field. -
L092 Session: L168 Thoracic Epidural Analgesia in the Re
Session: L092 Session: L168 Thoracic Epidural Analgesia in the Recently Anticoagulated Patient: Is This a Good Idea? Anuj Malhotra, M.D. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Disclosures: This presenter has no financial relationships with commercial interests Stem Case and Key Questions Content A 52 year old male presents for open resection for colon cancer. He has had multiple prior abdominal surgeries and the planned approach is a supraumbilical midline incision that will cover the T6-T10 dermatomes. The patient is obese and has a history of COPD. Vitals: HR 70, BP 126/68, O2 sat 95% on RA, Ht 6'0", Wt 285 lbs 1) What surgical features and patient factors make this patient a good candidate for a thoracic epidural? 2) What level should this block be placed at? Should it be placed paramedian or midline? What should be infused? 3) Does it matter if the epidural is activated before surgery (pre-emptive analgesia) or after? What are the pros and cons of early dosing? The patient also has chronic abdominal pain treated with methadone 10 mg three times daily and oxycodone 5-10 mg four times daily. He is very concerned about difficulty with extubation, postoperative pain, and ileus. Medications: Methadone 10 mg tid, oxycodone 5-10 mg q 6 hrs prn, albuterol inhaler prn, fluticasone/salmeterol inhaler bid, metoprolol XL 50 mg daily ECG: irregularly irregular @ 70 bpm, QTc 440 ms 4) What patient characteristics suggest the need for postoperative pain control? Will thoracic epidural analgesia decrease ileus? Will it shorten duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation? 5) Does thoracic epidural analgesia affect long-term outcomes such as mortality or chronic postoperative pain? 6) Should his methadone be continued perioperatively if he has a neuraxial block for pain control? Upon reviewing the ECG and questioning the patient further, he reports a recent diagnosis of atrial fibrillation for which he takes dabigatran 150 mg bid for stroke prevention. -
Transdermal Nicotine Maintenance Attenuates the Subjective And
Neuropsychopharmacology (2004) 29, 991–1003 & 2004 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0893-133X/04 $25.00 www.neuropsychopharmacology.org Transdermal Nicotine Maintenance Attenuates the Subjective and Reinforcing Effects of Intravenous Nicotine, but not Cocaine or Caffeine, in Cigarette-Smoking Stimulant Abusers 1 1 ,1,2 Bai-Fang X Sobel , Stacey C Sigmon and Roland R Griffiths* 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; 2Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA The effects of transdermal nicotine maintenance on the subjective, reinforcing, and cardiovascular effects of intravenously administered cocaine, caffeine, and nicotine were examined using double-blind procedures in nine volunteers with histories of using tobacco, caffeine, and cocaine. Each participant was exposed to two chronic drug maintenance phases (21 mg/day nicotine transdermal patch and placebo transdermal patch). Within each drug phase, the participant received intravenous injections of placebo, cocaine (15 and 30 mg/70 kg), caffeine (200 and 400 mg/70 kg), and nicotine (1.0 and 2.0 mg/70 kg) in mixed order across days. Subjective and cardiovascular data were collected before and repeatedly after drug or placebo injection. Reinforcing effects were also assessed after each injection with a Drug vs Money Multiple-Choice Form. Intravenous cocaine produced robust dose-related increases in subjective and reinforcing effects; these effects were not altered by nicotine maintenance. Intravenous caffeine produced elevations on several subjective ratings; nicotine maintenance did not affect these ratings. Under the placebo maintenance condition, intravenous nicotine produced robust dose-related subjective effects, with maximal increases similar to the high dose of cocaine; nicotine maintenance significantly decreased the subjective and reinforcing effects of intravenous nicotine. -
A Brief Review on Transdermal Patches
Organic and Medicinal Chemistry International Journal ISSN 2474-7610 Review Article Organic & Medicinal Chem IJ Volume 7 Issue 2 - June 2018 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Nidhi Sharma DOI: 10.19080/OMCIJ.2018.07.555707 A Brief Review on Transdermal Patches Nidhi Sharma* HIMT College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, India Submission: May 12, 2018; Published: June 05, 2018 *Corresponding author: Nidhi Sharma, HIMT College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, India, Email: Abstract healingTransdermal to an injured drug area delivery of the system body. was An presentedadvantage toof overcome a transdermal the difficulties drug delivery of drug route delivery over especiallyother types oral of route. delivery A transdermal system such patch as oral, is a topical,medicated i.v., adhesive i.m., etc. ispatch that that the patchis placed provides on the askin controlled to deliver release a specific of the dose medication of medication into the through patient, the usually skin and through into the either bloodstream. a porous It membrane promotes covering a reservoir of medication or through body heat melting thin layers of medication embedded in the adhesive. The main disadvantage to transdermal delivery systems stems from the fact that the skin is a very effective barrier, as a result, only medications whose molecules are small can easily penetrate the skin, so it can be delivered by this method. This review article describes the overall introduction of transdermal patches including type of transdermal patches, method of preparation of transdermal -
Medication Administration
MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS A. Before administering any medication, the EMT should know: 1. What is the medication being used? 2. Does the patient have an allergy to this medication? 3. What is the safe and effective dose? 4. What is the correct administration route? 5. What are the indications? (Why are you using is?) 6. What are the contraindications? (Why or when would you NOT use this medication?) 7. What are the expected effects? 8. What are the adverse effects / side effects? 9. Is the medication expired? B. The “Six Rights” of medication administration: 1. Right patient – is the medication indicated for this patient; no contraindications; no allergies 2. Right drug – the correct name (trade name vs. generic name); correct concentration 3. Right dose 4. Right route 5. Right time – slow IVP vs. rapid IVP 6. Right documentation C. Correct documentation of medications administered and/or IV/IO placement will include: 1. Time of medication administration; IV/IO placement 2. Route of administration 3. Size of catheter (IV/IO) 4. Site location for IV/IO and SQ, IM medication (include unsuccessful IV/IO attempt locations) 5. Dose or volume infused 6. Time of infusion as indicated (e.g., rapid IVP, infused over 10 minutes, etc.) 7. Name of EMT responsible 8. Any complications and steps made to correct 9. Patient’s response to treatment D. Use of a medication simply because it is in the protocol is not an acceptable standard of medical care. When there are questions about medication administration, consult medical control. ORAL ADMINSTRATION To administer an oral (PO) medication ensure that the patient has an intact gag reflex and place the patient in a seated or semi-seated position. -
A Guide to Aerosol Delivery Devices for Respiratory Therapists 4Th Edition
A Guide To Aerosol Delivery Devices for Respiratory Therapists 4th Edition Douglas S. Gardenhire, EdD, RRT-NPS, FAARC Dave Burnett, PhD, RRT, AE-C Shawna Strickland, PhD, RRT-NPS, RRT-ACCS, AE-C, FAARC Timothy R. Myers, MBA, RRT-NPS, FAARC Platinum Sponsor Copyright ©2017 by the American Association for Respiratory Care A Guide to Aerosol Delivery Devices for Respiratory Therapists, 4th Edition Douglas S. Gardenhire, EdD, RRT-NPS, FAARC Dave Burnett, PhD, RRT, AE-C Shawna Strickland, PhD, RRT-NPS, RRT-ACCS, AE-C, FAARC Timothy R. Myers, MBA, RRT-NPS, FAARC With a Foreword by Timothy R. Myers, MBA, RRT-NPS, FAARC Chief Business Officer American Association for Respiratory Care DISCLOSURE Douglas S. Gardenhire, EdD, RRT-NPS, FAARC has served as a consultant for the following companies: Westmed, Inc. and Boehringer Ingelheim. Produced by the American Association for Respiratory Care 2 A Guide to Aerosol Delivery Devices for Respiratory Therapists, 4th Edition American Association for Respiratory Care, © 2017 Foreward Aerosol therapy is considered to be one of the corner- any) benefit from their prescribed metered-dose inhalers, stones of respiratory therapy that exemplifies the nuances dry-powder inhalers, and nebulizers simply because they are of both the art and science of 21st century medicine. As not adequately trained or evaluated on their proper use. respiratory therapists are the only health care providers The combination of the right medication and the most who receive extensive formal education and who are tested optimal delivery device with the patient’s cognitive and for competency in aerosol therapy, the ability to manage physical abilities is the critical juncture where science inter- patients with both acute and chronic respiratory disease as sects with art. -
Therapeutic Aerosols 2-Drugs Available by the Inhaled Route
Thorax 1984;39:1-7 Thorax: first published as 10.1136/thx.39.1.1 on 1 January 1984. Downloaded from Editorial Therapeutic aerosols 2-Drugs available by the inhaled route Inhalation treatment can be said to have stood the umes have been written about them and their test of time, since records can be traced back several administration.3 Reiterating most of this would be thousand years. In ancient Greece, Hippocrates like taking "coals to Newcastle" for the readers of employed the inhalation of vapours distilled in a pot, Thorax and therefore only selected aspects will be the lid of which was pierced by a reed;' sulphur and mentioned. arsenic were said to have been used. The patient The naturally occurring catecholamine adrenaline breathing these hot vapours needed protection with was the earliest of these drugs to be given by inhala- moistened sponges to avoid scalding. The popularity tion,4 followed by isoprenaline (isopropylnoradren- of these inhalation procedures has waxed and aline) in about 1960. Since adrenaline, however, waned, as Miller' writes-at times they have been stimulates both a and ,3 receptors in the heart and over praised and unwisely used, and at other times periphery and isoprenaline stimulates 8,/ and (2 unreasonably condemned and virtually abandoned. receptors, both drugs may give rise to undesirable The latter phrase still applies to some extent today. cardiovascular side effects such as tachycardia or Until the middle of the present century, inhalation arrhythmias. Adrenaline, whether given by injection treatment with volatile aromatic substances with a or by inhalation, is now little used in Britain.