2. EXISTING CONDITIONS 2.1 History of Circulation in Jersey City 2.2

Home , Bergen Arches, Chemical Coast, Downtown Jersey City, Greenville Yard, Harsimus, Journal Square

Jersey City Master Plan / Circulation Element

2. EXISTING CONDITIONS

As part of the background work in developing this Circulation Element, a detailed assessment of the history of circulation in Jersey City and an inventory of the baseline conditions of the City’s transportation system were prepared.

2.1 History of Circulation in Jersey City Photo Source: Jersey City Division of City Planning Strategically located on the Hudson River and with easy access to Upper New York Bay, the City of Jersey City was an important center for shipping and maritime activity during the peak of the industrial revolution of the early nineteenth century. This status was reinforced when the Morris Canal was completed at Jersey City in 1836, giving the City shared direct linkage with the Delaware River at Phillipsburg and with important inland points, such as Newark and Paterson.

Jersey City continued to serve as a transit point between Upper New York Bay and inland points to the west, but as the industrial revolution progressed, new technologies enabled the development of newer, more efficient forms of transport than canals. Consequently, railroads followed and terminals were constructed along the Hudson River waterfront and other points in the City. One example is the historic Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal, which originally opened in 1864 and is located in what is now Liberty State Park.

With terminals located on the Hudson River, it was not long before ideas about a rail linkage to New York City began to evolve. This led to the construction of what is now known as the Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) train, which commenced operations in 1907 after many arduous years of tunneling under the Hudson River.

At the same time as the PATH train’s tunnel was being constructed, new developments in the field of electricity were being made. Electricity was being transformed from a scientific curiosity to an essential component of modern life as America’s cities were electrified during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This period of urban electrification was evident in Jersey City with the development of an electric trolley system in the early twentieth century.

The advent of the mass-produced automobile and a period of growing prosperity led to the rise of the automobile as the dominant form of transport. Consequently, Jersey City witnessed a period of extensive highway construction from the 1920s through the 1960s with the construction of such notable projects as the Holland Tunnel, Pulaski Skyway, and Hudson County Extension of the New Jersey Turnpike. Each of these remains a vital component in Jersey City’s transportation system.

In recent years, new investment in Jersey City and growing concerns for the environment have led to the creation of new transportation options, such as light rail and pedestrian walkways, and the recommendations that are identified in this Circulation Element.

2.2 Transportation System Overview The City of Jersey City has an extensive transportation network that provides quick and convenient connections with New York City, Newark, and all areas of the greater region. This transportation system is broad-based in nature and consists of passenger and freight rail lines, bus routes, ferry services, truck routes, ports, and proximity to an international airport.

Page 7 Jersey City Master Plan / Circulation Element

Figure 2.2-1 maps the Multi-Modal system in Jersey City, and Figure 2.2-2 maps just the passenger rail system; both maps indicate existing and proposed conditions as indicated in the legends on the respective maps.

2.2.1 Hudson-Bergen Light Rail Service The Hudson-Bergen Light Rail (HBLR) is a privately-operated light rail service that is owned by NJ TRANSIT. The HBLR consists of three lines that connect with other modes of transportation and link important destinations, such as Exchange Place, Harborside Financial Center, Liberty State Park, and Pavonia-Newport in Jersey City, with the adjacent communities of Bayonne, Hoboken, Union City, and North Bergen, as well as nearby Weehawken. Photo Source: Ted Ritter / NJTPA

As of March 2009, HBLR operates daily from 5:00AM to 1:00AM with ten-minute headways at peak weekday travel periods. Headways at all other times are fifteen minutes, except between the hours of 9:00PM and 1:00AM when trains run every twenty minutes. Discounts of fifty percent off of the regular-fare one-way tickets are available to senior citizens, children between the ages of five and eleven, and the disabled. Bicycles may be transported free of charge during off-peak hours.

With approximately 12.3 million passenger trips in 2008, HBLR is widely recognized as a tremendous success. Consequently, there have been proposals to expand services.

2.2.1.1 Westside Avenue – Tonnelle Avenue This line extends from the park-and-ride lot located at Westside Avenue and Claremont Avenue to the park-and-ride lot that is located at Tonnelle Avenue and 51st Street in North Bergen. It serves a total of eleven stations in Jersey City, including Westside Avenue, which has a park-and-ride lot and bus connections; Martin Luther King Drive, which has bus connections; Garfield Avenue; Liberty State Park, which has a park-and-ride lot and bus connections; Jersey Avenue, which has bus connections; Marin Boulevard, which has ferry connections; Essex Street, which has ferry connections; Exchange Place, which has bus, PATH, and ferry connections; Harborside Financial Center, which has ferry connections; Harsimus Cove; and Pavonia-Newport, which has bus, ferry, and PATH connections.

In addition to the above, the line also serves the 9th Street-Congress Street station. While this station is physically located in Hoboken, an elevator from the platform to the top of the Palisades Cliffs provides access to the Heights neighborhood in Jersey City. This station has bus connections.

It is also noted that transfers to other HBLR lines are available at all stations, except for Westside Avenue, Martin Luther King Drive, and Garfield Avenue.

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0 4 4 2: Secaucus-Journal Square J Boonton Line N B rr o o k ll y n 6: Ocean Avenue-Journal Square Hoboken Terminal

0 4 4 22: Hillside (Hoboken-North Bergen) J Main Line N U p p e r B a y 43: Newark-Jersey City Montclair Line 64: Lakewood-Jersey City-Weehawken Morristown Line 67: Toms River-Lakewood-Newark Newark City Subway 68: East Brunswick, Jersey City, Weehawken, Browntown Northeast Corridor Line 80: Newark Avenue East Coast Greenway 81: Greenville-Bayonne Current Route 82: Union City-Jersey City Short Term Route 83: Jersey City-Hackensack Proposed Long Term On-Road Route

1 8 84: Bergenline/ Park Avenues Proposed Long Term Off-Road Route 85: Hoboken-Harmon Meadow-Mill Creek River Crossings by Ferry Boat or Water Taxi 86: Union City-Newport Center Hudson River Waterfront Walkway 87: King Drive Completed Walkway 88: North Boulevard-Journal Square Currently Under Construction 305: Liberty State Park Shuttle Interim Walkway 319: Atlantic City-New York "Express" Walkway Planned 981: Port Liberte-Grove Street No Public Access / Working Waterfront Coach USA 10/99S: Bayonne-Jersey City-NY No Plans - Action Needed Coach USA 4: Merrit St-Grove St-Newport Centre Alternative Alignment Montgomery & West Side: Danforth Ave-Exchange Place Alternative Alignment (Planned) Montgomery & West Side 440 Shopper: Lafayette Ave-Journal Square Hackensack River Walkway Montgomery & West Side 440 Shopper: Hudson Mall-Journal Square Trail Path ** Montgomery & West Side: Danforth Ave-Newport Mall Other Pedestrian Routes Montgomery & West Side: Society Hill-Journal Square Trail Path ** Bergen Avenue Bus Jersey City Bike Route Bus Stops Existing Bike Route* Hudson–Bergen Light Rail Ferry Routes Existing Lines HBLR Projects Proposed Lines Private Road ID Name Light Rail Stops Right of Way A HBLR Extension Existing LRT Station B HBLR Extension to Secaucus Junction (Lautenberg Station) H.M.D.C. Proposed LRT Station C HBLR Wye Bypass Park and Open Space D Jersey Avenue HBLR Realignment E New Connection Between Pavonia-Newport HBLR and PATH Newport Station Cemetery F New Danforth Interlocking Open Water G New Southbound Side Platform at Pavonia-Newport Station H Pedestrian Connector to HBLR Municipal Boundary J Pedestrian Passage along HBLR New York City K Railroad ROW North of Journal Square 11 Tindall Road * The existing bike route is a signed route only. In the proposed condition, striped bike lanes will be provided on all City streets where feasible. Middletown, NJ 07748-2792 Jersey City Circulation Element 2050 ** Trail Path indicates trails from the 2008 Hudson County Reexamination Report. Trail Path includes the Old Morris Canal, and portions of the East Coast Greenway, Hudson River Waterfront Walkway, and Hackensack RiverWalk. Phone: 732-671-6400 Figure 2.2-1: Multi-Modal Map Fax: 732-671-7365 0 400 800 1,600 City of Jersey City Feet Prepared by: STK, April 20, 2009 Hudson County, New Jersey NOTE: This map was developed using New Jersey Department of Source: NJDEP - Municipal Boundary, Open Water; NYC Department of City Planning - New York City; NJDOT - 2008 Roads; Jersey City Planning Environmental Protection Geographic Information System digital Department - Walkways, Greenways; PS&S - Hudson River Walkway; RBA - East Coast Greenway; NJ TRANIST - Bus Routes and Stops (Jan 2009), Rail Lines data, but this secondary product has not been verified by NJDEP File Path: H:\JCTY\00110\GIS\Projects\Final\jcty110_MultiModalLongFINAL.mxd and is not State-authorized. Jersey City Master Plan / Circulation Element

2.2.1.2 22nd Street – Hoboken Terminal This line extends northerly from the park-and-ride lot located at 22nd Street and Avenue E in Bayonne to Hoboken Terminal. Within the City of Jersey City, it serves a total of ten stations, including Danforth Avenue; Richard Street; Liberty State Park, which has a park-and-ride lot and bus connections; Jersey Avenue, which has bus connections; Marin Boulevard, which has ferry connections; Essex Street, which has ferry connections; Exchange Place, which has bus, PATH, and ferry connections; Harborside Financial Center, which has ferry connections; Harsimus Cove; and Pavonia-Newport, which has bus, ferry, and PATH connections.

In addition to the above, it is noted that connections to other HBLR lines are available at all stations, except for 22nd Street, 34th Street, and 45th Street in Bayonne, as well as Danforth Avenue and Richard Street in Jersey City.

2.2.1.3 Tonnelle Avenue – Hoboken Terminal This line connects the park-and-ride lot located at Tonnelle Avenue and 51st Street in North Bergen with Hoboken Terminal.

Although physically located in Hoboken, the line serves the 9th Street-Congress Street station. This station provides direct access to the Heights neighborhood in Jersey City via an elevator from the platform to the top of the Palisades Cliffs. This station has bus connections.

In addition, it is possible to transfer to HBLR lines that serve Jersey City from all stations on the Tonnelle Avenue-Hoboken Terminal line, as well as access PATH and other regional transit services at Hoboken Terminal.

2.2.2 PATH The Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) is a publicly-owned rail service that links Jersey City with New York City, Hoboken, Harrison, and Newark. It is operated by the Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation, which is a subsidiary of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. The PATH provides easy connections to the New York City Subway, New Jersey Transit and Amtrak rail services at Newark’s Pennsylvania Station, and New Jersey Transit commuter rail at Hoboken Terminal. Photo Source: Ted Ritter / NJTPA There are a total of four lines in the PATH system: Newark–World Trade Center; Hoboken–World Trade Center; Hoboken–33rd Street; and Journal Square Transportation Center–33rd Street. These lines operate Monday through Friday from 6:00AM to 11:00PM. During weekends, holidays, and off-peak hours from 11:00PM to 6:00AM, two lines operate, namely Newark–World Trade Center and Journal Square Transportation Center–33rd Street via Hoboken.

Services are frequent during peak travel times. For instance, the Newark–World Trade Center line has headways of three to five minutes during peak weekday travel periods. Similarly, the Journal Square Transportation Center–33rd Street line has

Page 10 Jersey City Master Plan / Circulation Element

headways of four to five minutes during peak travel periods, and peak headways are six minutes for the Hoboken–World Trade Center and Hoboken–33rd Street lines. Off-peak, weekend, and holiday trains have maximum headways of thirty minutes.

Discounts are available on multiple-trip tickets, as well as daily, weekly, and monthly passes. Discounted fares are available for senior citizens, and children under five years old ride for free. The PATH’s primary fare card is known as SmartLink; however, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority’s MetroCard is cross-honored.

In 2007, there was a total of 71.6 million passenger trips on the PATH rail system, of which approximately 21.4 million (29.9 percent) had Jersey City as an origin or destination. Each of the four PATH Stations in Jersey City is discussed below.

2.2.2.1 Journal Square Transportation Center The Journal Square Transportation Center is served by the Newark–World Trade Center and Journal Square Transportation Center–33rd Street lines. The station is located on Kennedy Boulevard, between Pavonia and Sip Avenues. Multiple bus connections to local and regional destinations, as well as parking, are provided onsite.

Annual ridership at this station in 2007 was approximately 8.0 million. Photo Source: Jersey City Division of City Planning 2.2.2.2 Grove Street The Grove Street PATH Station is served by the Newark–World Trade Center and Journal Square Transportation Center–33rd Street lines. The station is located on Newark Avenue, between Grove Street and Luis Munoz Marin Boulevard. Local bus connections are provided on-site.

Annual ridership at this station in 2007 was approximately 3.6 million.

2.2.2.3 Exchange Place The Exchange Place PATH Station is served by the Newark–World Trade Center and Hoboken–World Trade Center lines. The station is located at the terminus of Montgomery Street, along the waterfront of the Hudson River. Connections to the HBLR and local bus and ferry routes are provided within the general vicinity.

Annual ridership at this station in 2007 was approximately 4.8 million.

Page 11 N o r t h A r ll ii n g t o n B o r o u g h

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ID NAME A HBLR Connector B HBLR Extension C HBLR Extension to Secaucus Junction (Lautenberg Station) D HBLR Wye Bypass E Jersey Avenue HBLR Realignment F New Connection Between Pavonia-Newport HBLR and PATH Newport Station G New Danforth Interlocking H New Southbound Side Platform at Pavonia- Newport Station J Pedestrian Connector to HBLR K Pedestrian Passage along HBLR L Railroad ROW North of Journal Square M Sixth Street Embankment/East-West Connections 11 Tindall Road Hudson–Bergen Light Rail PATH Rail Lines Main Line Park and Open Space Toll Route Right of Way Middletown, NJ 07748-2792 Jersey City Circulation Element 2050 Phone: 732-671-6400 Existing Lines PATH Lines Bergen County Line Montclair Line Ferry Routes County Route Open Water Figure 2.2-2: Passenger Rail Lines Fax: 732-671-7365 Proposed Lines PATH Stops Bergen Tunnel / Arches Morristown Line Interstate Route Local Roads Municipal Boundary 0 500 1,000 2,000 City of Jersey City Feet Light Rail Stops Existing PATH Stop Boonton Line Newark City Subway U.S. Route Ramp New York City Hudson County, New Jersey Existing LRT Station Proposed PATH Stop Hoboken Terminal Northeast Corridor Line State Route Private Road Prepared by: STK, April 20, 2009 NOTE: This map was developed using New Jersey Department of Source: NJDEP - Municipal Boundary, Open Water; NYC Department Proposed LRT Station Proposed Rail Projects Proposed Road Environmental Protection Geographic Information System digital of City Planning - Borough Boundary, Roads; NJDOT - 2007 Roads, Rail Lines data, but this secondary product has not been verified by NJDEP File Path: H:\JCTY\00110\GIS\Projects\Final\jcty110_PassengerRailFINAL.mxd and is not State-authorized. Jersey City Master Plan / Circulation Element

2.2.2.4 Pavonia/Newport Station The Pavonia/Newport PATH Station is served by the Journal Square Transportation Center – 33rd Street and Hoboken – World Trade Center lines. The station is located at the northeastern corner of Pavonia Avenue and Washington Boulevard, near the Newport Centre Mall. Connections to the HBLR, and local bus and ferry routes, are provided within the general vicinity.

Annual ridership at this station in 2007 was approximately 5.0 million.

2.2.3 Bus Service Jersey City’s bus services are a major transportation lifeline of the City. The bus network links Jersey City’s diverse neighborhoods, and provides access to many areas of the City and region. The City’s current bus system is of great concern to the City residents, visitors, and Stakeholders, as many neighborhoods currently are not receiving efficient nor reliable service. NJ TRANSIT, NJTPA, and Jersey City are conducting a bus study, and the Circulation Element recommends that the findings of the bus study be implemented. Bus services are largely provided by NJ TRANSIT and supplemented by private carriers. The City’s bus services are detailed in this section and mapped on Figure 2.2-3.

2.2.3.1 NJ TRANSIT Bus Service New Jersey Transit operates a total of twenty-two general purpose bus routes serving all areas of Jersey City. In 2008, there was a combined total of 21,795,142 passenger trips.

These routes are mapped in Figure 2.2-3, and summarized in the following table:

2008 Route No. End Destination Passenger Trips 1 Newark 4,249,645 2 Secaucus 645,314 6 Jersey City (Merritt Street – Journal Square) 117,983 22 Union City 632,661 43 Newark 42,465 64 Lakewood and Weehawken 423,378 67 Toms River 359,980 68 Old Bridge 209,087 80 Jersey City (Gates Avenue – Exchange Place) 2,003,913 81 Bayonne 847,952 82 Union City 78,189 83 Hackensack 896,078 84 North Bergen 1,574,584 85 Secaucus and Hoboken 558,974 86 North Bergen 460,404 87 Hoboken 3,312,516 88 North Bergen 743,829 123 New York City 685,983 125 New York City 342,061 126 New York City 3,226,637 305 Liberty State Park Shuttle 59,944 319 Wildwood 323,565 Source: NJ TRANSIT

Additional information about NJ TRANSIT’s bus services is provided below, in Bus Terminals.

Page 13 Jersey City Master Plan / Circulation Element

2.2.3.2 Private Carriers In addition to the services of NJ TRANSIT, privately operated bus lines to local destinations in Jersey City include Coach USA, Montgomery & Westside, and Bergen Avenue Bus. Coach USA and Bergen Avenue Bus also connect Jersey City with New York City and Bayonne. Jersey City’s private bus routes are mapped in Figure 2.2-3.

2.2.3.3 Paratransit Services The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that all transit services provide access to disabled persons. Consequently, Jersey City’s buses are equipped with elevator lifts, kneeling functions, or other such accommodations. Passengers with disabilities are eligible for reduced fares upon presentation of a NJ TRANSIT Reduced Fare ID Card or Medicare Card.

Additionally, Jersey City is served by paratransit services. NJ TRANSIT’s WHEELS bus (Route No. 981) provides increased access for disabled patrons on a local route serving the Grove Street PATH Station, Jersey City Medical Center, Liberty State Park HBLR Station, and Port Liberté. NJ TRANSIT also provides a separate on-demand paratransit service within Jersey City.

2.2.3.4 Bus Terminals There are a number of major, regional bus terminals in Jersey City, namely the facilities at the Journal Square Transportation Center, Grove Street, and Exchange Place. A brief description of each follows.

2.2.3.4.1 Journal Square Transportation Center In addition to the previously-discussed PATH services, the Journal Square Transportation Center facilitates intermodal transfers by providing direct connections to eleven NJ TRANSIT bus routes. Destinations include Jersey City (multiple routes), as well as Newark (Route No. 1), New York City (Route No. 125), Secaucus (Route No. 2), Lakewood (Route No. 64), Toms River (Route No. 67), Hackensack (Route No. 83), North Bergen (Route Nos. 84 and 88), Hoboken (Route No. 87), Atlantic City (Route No. 319), Wildwood (Route No. 319), and Weehawken (Route No. 64).

Additional local and regional destinations are also available through private bus operators. For instance, Coach USA provides transit to New York City’s Port Authority Bus Terminal, and Montgomery & Westside and Bergen Avenue buses provide local connections.

With its off-street bus lanes and loading areas, the Journal Square Transportation Center is particularly well-suited to accommodate its high-volume of bus traffic.

2.2.3.4.2 Grove Street The Grove Street PATH Station provides connections to a total of seven NJ TRANSIT bus routes. Destinations include Newark (Route

Page 14 2

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Bus Stops 67: Toms River-Lakewood-Newark Other Carriers Hudson–Bergen Light Rail Interstate Route NJ TRANSIT to New York 68: East Brunswick, Jersey City, Weehawken, Browntown Coach USA 10/99S: Bayonne-Jersey City-NY Existing Lines U.S. Route Routes to New York (Port Authority Bus Terminal) 80: Newark Avenue Coach USA 4: Merrit St-Grove St-Newport Centre Proposed Lines State Route 123: Jersey City-Union City-New York 81: Greenville-Bayonne Bergen Avenue Bus Light Rail Stops Toll Route 125: Journal Square-New York 82: Union City-Jersey City Montgomery & West Side: Danforth Ave-Exchange Place Existing LRT Station County Route

126: Hoboken-Jersey City-New York 83: Jersey City-Hackensack Montgomery & West Side: Danforth Ave-Newport Mall Proposed LRT Station Local Roads NJ TRANSIT Local 84: Bergenline/ Park Avenues Montgomery & West Side: Society Hill-Journal Square PATH Ramp Local Routes 85: Hoboken-Harmon Meadow-Mill Creek Montgomery & West Side 440 Shopper: Hudson Mall-Journal Square PATH Lines Private Road 1: Newark 86: Union City-Newport Center Montgomery & West Side 440 Shopper: Lafayette Ave-Journal Square PATH Stops Proposed Road 2: Secaucus-Journal Square 87: King Drive Existing PATH Stop Right of Way

6: Ocean Avenue-Journal Square 88: North Boulevard-Journal Square Proposed PATH Stop Park and Open Space

22: Hillside (Hoboken-North Bergen) 305: Liberty State Park Shuttle Rail Lines Open Water

43: Newark-Jersey City 319: Atlantic City-New York "Express" Spurs and Sidings Municipal Boundary

64: Lakewood-Jersey City-Weehawken 981: Port Liberte-Grove Street Ferry Routes New York City S 9 9 C 11 Tindall Road S 9 9 Jersey City Circulation Element 2050 C Middletown, NJ 07748-2792 Phone: 732-671-6400 Figure 2.2-3: Existing Bus Routes Fax: 732-671-7365

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No. 43), Lakewood (Route No. 64), Weehawken (Route No. 64), Old Bridge (Route No. 68), East Brunswick (Route No. 68), Jersey City (Route No. 80 and at intermediate points on other routes), Union City (Route No. 82), North Bergen (Route No. 86), Weehawken (Route No. 68), and Bayonne (Route No. 81).

In addition, Montgomery & Westside buses also provide local connections from the Grove Street PATH Station.

2.2.3.4.3 Exchange Place The Exchange Place PATH Station is served by a total of eight NJ TRANSIT bus routes. Destinations include Newark (Route No. 1), Jersey City (Route No. 80 and at intermediate points on other routes), Bayonne (Route No. 81), Union City (Route No. 82), North Bergen (Route No. 86), Lakewood (Route No. 64), Weehawken (Route No. 64), Old Bridge (Route No. 68), East Brunswick (Route No. 68), Weehawken (Route No. 68), and Newark (Route No. 43).

In addition, Montgomery & Westside buses also provide local connections from the Exchange Place PATH Station.

2.2.4 Commuter Ferry Service Weekday commuter ferry service to and from Jersey City is largely provided by NY Waterway, which is a privately-owned company that operates a total of six routes between Jersey City and Manhattan. These routes include Port Liberté – Pier 11/Wall Street, Liberty Harbor/Marin Boulevard–Pier 11/Wall Street, Paulus Hook–Midtown/ West 39th Street, Paulus Hook–World Financial Center, Paulus Hook–Pier 11/Wall Street, and Newport–Midtown/West 39th Street. In addition to the services of NY Waterway, Photo Source: Leon Yost the Liberty Landing Marina operates the Liberty Park Water Taxi from its marina to the World Financial Center. Complete details of each route are provided below.

2.2.4.1 Newport – Midtown/West 39th Street The Newport–Midtown/West 39th Street ferry route links Newport with the terminal located at 12th Avenue and 39th Street in Midtown Manhattan. Travel time to Midtown Manhattan is ten minutes.

The service operates weekdays from 6:50AM to 9:50AM and 4:09PM to 7:39PM, with headways of thirty minutes.