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275 Ismail Mahmoud, et al. The Space of the Anatolian Carpet, an Analytical Vision Prof. Ismail I. Mahmoud Textile Department, Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University, Egypt Ahmed Abdel Ghany Master Student, Faculty of Applied Arts. Helwan University, Printing, Egypt Abstract: Keywords: Anatolian rug designs are known to have a number of historical and aesthetic Space values. They certainly constitute a large portion of the body of existing oriental Anatolian rugs carpets. This study assumes that through an analytical investigation of their space; it will be easier for scholars to appreciate and comprehend the Anatolian rugs in Oriental rugs relation to their relevant layout, which will enable making new rug layouts with Composition similar aesthetic values. Composition principles Through a studious analysis of symbols used in Anatolian rugs, and comparing the use of space in the Anatolian and contemporary rug, a better understanding can be Rug Layout achieved of the sense and taste of aesthetics and ratio to spacing that would help Rug Design Anatomy predict the changes in carpet and rug spacing, so that new rug and carpet spacing Layout analysis methods can be introduced in a way that appeals to consumers. This study aims to analyze the layout of Anatolian rugs in accordance to design Anatolian rug layout basics; to help designers to better understand and develop rug layouts in a development systematic way. Along with studying the layouts, the focal standpoint of this study undergoes an artistic analysis of oriental rugs, covering discussions in various original studies and data sources. Furthermore, the research aims to further explore the motives related to the design and development of these rugs. The present study has managed to position symbols according to rug layouts and according to historical arrangement, considering time they started to realize according to the design basics, using the theoretical and analytical methodology available. This makes the exploration and discovery of the relation between Anatolian rugs layouts development throughout history very straightforward. Paper received 11th February 2016, accepted 26th March 2016 , published 1st of April 2016 and a background. Introduction: Wesley, A. (10- 1913) talked about the Anatolian rug design Spaces have their Composition, its principles and how the aesthetic effect, artistic style imprint, has its influence of the composition principles on the symbolic, historical and spatial significance, space ((10- 1913, P: 21).Ocvirk, and others also it has an initial engagement with the (14- 2006) presented an approach wherein inner architecture and furniture. The space Art Fundamentals; Composition, its and layout of the Anatolian rug has principles, its elements. They talk about the developed and changed during all its periods. space; the vocabulary of the space, its This will offer us a rich field of search, and a characteristics, the kinds of the space. well-spring to quote from. Sema Etikan (8- The Use of the Kufic Script, Abdelghany, S. (2- 2007) presented an an Element of Islamic Ornament in Turkish approach of the space in plastic arts, what Rug Art, 2008). studied the Anatolian Rug; does it mean, and how the artistic school and she analyzed the Kufic Script-which isan the artist himself affecting the characteristics important element in the Islamic art- in the of the layout of the space (2- 2007, p: 7), the Anatolian rug in all the periods from the 13th line and its kinds and its effect in the layout, century to the 19th century. after that he cleared the relation between Lee A. in his book (3-Oriental rugs a buyer's formand space, then the relation between the guide, 1988) discussed the classifying of the artistic school and the space and layout. oriental rugs according to a number of Reiad, A. (9- 1995) presented an approach criteria: design, country of origin, weaving wherein Composition in plastic arts, he talked group. He mentioned that some of the more about how the space changed to be a shape famous names in the oriental rugs, in This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License The Space of the Anatolian Carpet, an Analytical Vision 276 particular Hetati and Mir, refer to the design, their layouts and declared their motives. rather to than the place where they made. After that he talked about a famous specimen What is the vocabulary of Space? in Ardebil carpet and analyzed it according to Here we will discuss vocabulary and use of its design's layout (9, 10, and 19), also he space in architecture, as seen in buildings analyzed his rugs in the pages (109-126) such as tombs, buildings, Mosques and in according to their layouts; using terms like: sculpture throughout the ages, in drawing, composition, the dominant composition is photographing and in pottery. As a term used based on…, circular central medallion in many areas, space in art has a different composition, diamond-shaped central meaning to the same term in science, along medallion design, medallion and floral with a different meaning in branches of art. schemes, the most popular composition Space for a child is the rectangular area in the involves the herati motif in an allover or, paper which he draws in. An artist can use angular medallion-and- corner scheme, based composition to express ideas in his mind on an elongated hexagonal "skeletal" using line, dot, color, mass, form or by using medallion, with stepped edges,... shadow and light, or anything can arrange in Abdelghany A. (1- 2015) in his master artistic space to express. discussed the kinds of the rugs according to When we put something real in an artistic space it their design; firstly he classified rugs to seems balanced , eye catching, and seems to be the oriental and modern rugs which contain main element (13- 1926,P:2), it will lead our eyes (traditional style, transitional style and to the other elements, allowing us to understand contemporary styles), after that he classified the subject's idea, and experience it in the harmony them according to their layouts to (open field, it strives to show us, giving our brain the sense of variegated, repeated, paneled, endless integration intended by the artist(13- 1926,P:3). layouts). If we were to draw a circle on a paper space, we In this study, the searchers are going to could witness an interesting phenomenon. The part indicate the development of the space and of the paper which has been contained in the circle layout of the Anatolian rugs during their will separate and change to a new element, periods; which will introduce a great effect of meaning it has changed to a new shape and the producing new rug layouts with the same rest of the paper area has become a background for aesthetic values which will enrich markets it (Fig. 6). Even if the square or circle isn't and satisfy customers. Also that will enable complete, the eye of the viewer will naturally us to predict and understand the development complete the pattern, considering the "incomplete" in rug layouts. shape to be complete the rest of the paper to be a Many authors and searchers classify rugs background. Also a part of the shape may be according to many concepts; design, country shrouded in the background; sometimes we miss of origin, weaving group. Many have talked the outline of the face because it obscured by the about the layout of the rug design within their darkness, or we may see it become lost in light in analyzing about the design. But no one a manner similar to the techniques of classify rugs according to the layout itself Rembrandt.(9- 1995, P: 34, 35, 36). even those who classified rugs according to The relation between space and the rug the design, so in this research the searchers design? are trying to classify the selected samples of When we talk about the space in rug, we can the Anatolian rugs according to their layouts. consider the rug design as a blank area that is To achieve that, searchers had to collect activated, filled or transformed by the design Anatolian rugs samples; Searchers chose the elements; lines, dots, textures, colors, areas, search symbols to cover all the Anatolian and sometimes the volumes. Many consider rugs historical periods and to cover the most the vocabulary of space to be synonymous used layouts. The source for that was the with the layout. Anatolian rugs museum in Istanbul and many Composition within the space has to meet certain symbols from the references and books. standards and follow certain principles to be After that they arranged the selected samples considered harmonious. Many have said that the historically, and then they drew just the following five principles are of particular layouts without any details and without any importance; opposition, transition, subordination, motives, after that they analyzed them repetition, symmetry (10- 1913, P: 21). Oriental according to the design basics, according to rug as a composition affords a combination of two International Design Journal, Volume 6, Issue 2 277 Ismail Mahmoud, et al. principles; subordination and repetition (10- 1913, P: 67). Subordination and Domination: unity requires the lines to go in a certain direction or areas of a certain direction to dominate. When one or more of the design elements are Fig. (4) emphasized measurably more than any Beauty can be achieved by: drawing lines in a others, they are dominant (i.e. have the harmonious way, repetition is one of the most greatest visual weight, greatest number, or used ways to make harmony, as well as has the most influence). Subordination possibly being the oldest way (10- 1913, P: governs the distribution of masses in the 2) compositions that create parts representing There are many relations between shape and darkness and light, and govern hues in color background: background can either be wide schemes.
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