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Oriental Rug Knotting & Construction
Oriental Rug Knotting & Construction Knotted, Tufted and Flat-Woven Rugs; Knot Types and Density Anatomy of A Hand Knotted Rug A. WARP - The parallel threads running through the entire length of the rug onto which the knots are tied. B. WEFT - The threads running across the width of the rug inserted between all the rows of knots. These threads pass through alternate warp threads. Their job is to secure the knots in parallel lines and to strengthen the fabric. C. KNOT - The term used for a strand of wool yarn which is looped around two adjacent warp threads and then cut to form the pile (surface of carpet). D. OVERCASTING - A simple wrapping of dyed yarn along the entire length of both sides of a handmade rug. E. FRINGE - The visible continuation of the warp threads at both ends of the carpet. F. KILIM - The pileless web of warp and weft between the rug's pile and the knotted fringe. This is also the name for a rug without pile. Types of Oriental Rug Construction Who Uses Which Knot? Line of division (dotted line): distinguishing Turkish Knot (west of line) and Persian Knot areas (east). PERSIAN KNOT WITH ALL OF THE WARP THREADS ON ONE LEVEL TURKISH KNOT WITH ALL OF THE WARP THREADS ON ONE LEVEL PERSIAN KNOT WITH THE WARP THREADS ON TWO DIFFERENT LEVELS OPEN BACK & CLOSED BACK OPEN BACK CLOSED Different methods for finishing the undersides of rugs BACK The FULL LOOP part of the In the CLOSED BACK KNOT is on the UPPER KNOT the FULL LOOP is warp thread on the LOWER warp thread . -
Treasures from Near Eastern Looms
The Bowdoin College Library Treasures from Near Eastern Looms ERNEST H. ROBERTS BRUNSWICK, MAINE 1981 Bowdoin College Museum of Art Brunswick, Maine September 11, 1981 to November 22, 1981 The Textile Museum Washington, District of Columbia December 11, 1981 to February 6, 1982 Cover: Carpel Fnn>incni, Caucasian, Dagistan area, ca. 1850 Photographs by Robert H. Stillwell Design by Michael W. Mahan Printed byJ.S. McCarthy Co., Inc., Augusta, Maine Copyright © 1981 by Ernest H. Roberts Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 81-68474 ISBN: 0-916606-02-3 Portions of this catalogue are reprinted in altered form from other publications. We are indebted to the following institutions for per- mission to use their material: to the Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, Ohio, for the chapter introductions and descriptions of plates 12, 19, 24, 28, 63, and 65, which appeared in "Catalogue of Islamic Carpets," Allen An Museum Bulletin 3 (1978-1979) by Ernest H. Roberts; to The Textile Museum, Washington, D.C., for glossary entries and drawings from "Definitions and Explana- tions," a section of Early Caucasian Ru^s by Charles Grant Ellis, published by that museum in 1975, and for the loan of the map which appears on page 61 of this book; to the Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha, Nebraska, for descriptions of plates 28, 35, 44, 57, and 67 from A Rich Inheritance: Oriental Ruj^s oj 19th and Early 20th Centuries, published by that museum in 1974; and to the Near Eastern Art Research Center, Inc., for the description of plate 68 from Islamic Carpets by Joseph V. -
Rug Buying Guide Find the Perfect Rug for Any Space
Rug Buying Guide Find the perfect rug for any space. Learn more about rug construction, sizes, material, style, and care. The right rug can do more than just help define a space. It can protect your floors from wear and tear while adding to a visually appealing aesthetic with its colors and patterns. However, purchasing a rug is no easy task. You must consider your lifestyle, placement of the rug, design of the rug, and what you will need from a rug. We’ve compiled the ultimate guide to help you find the exact rug that will fulfill the needs of your space. Rug Weaves The weave of a rug can determine the feel, look, and durability overtime. Although rugs can now be made more efficiently, there are still many craftsmen who tediously weave rugs by hand. Hand-Knotted Hand-knotted rugs are very labor intensive with lasting results. They are very durable and can last for over 20 years with minimal shedding. The most common fiber used is wool. Because hand-knotted rugs are very labor intensive to create, they can take on average 5-7 months to be completed, sometimes even longer. The time and labor put into creating a hand-knotted rug does make it considerably pricier than other. Weavers will begin by hand tying knots onto warps before tying tufts of wool around the warp creating knots. The end of knots create the pile. Wefts are then threaded through in order to tighten the knots. This creates the foundation of the rug. The more knots per inch, the more intricate the pattern, and usually the more durable the knots will be. -
Oriental Rugs from Persia, Afghanistan, Turkey
Modified By The Rug Guru Oriental Rugs From Persia, Afghanistan, Turkey ... Turkmen Rugs Geography West Turkestan is an area of some 700,000 square kilometres with the Caspian Sea to the west, the Mangyshlak Peninsula to the northeast and the Kapet-Dagh Mountains and the outskirts of the Hindukush forming a semicircle to the south. West of what since 1924 has been the border of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Turkmenistan are Afghanistan and the Iranian province of Khorassan. At the eastern side is the huge Chinese province of Xinjiang (Sinkiang). Usually referred to in the context of weaving literature as East Turkestan. Thus viewed in simple geographic terms, it is easier to understand the nature of this Eurasian basin, part of the ancient world's dry belt. To the western side of the region is the Karakum desert and to the east, between the Amu- Darya and Syr-Darya rivers, is the Kyzylkum desert. To the south, that there was earlier the Soviet Socialist Republic of Uzbekistan, now this independent state, are the important trading centres of Bukhara and Samarkand. The latter having been a major post along the ancient Silk Road, which ran from China through East Turkestan and on westwards, via Tashkent in Uzbekistan, Mary (Merv) in Turkmenistan and Khorasan. Many different ethnic groups have occupied this region for millennia and among those associated with weaving, in addition to the Turkmen's themselves, are the Uzbeks, Karakalpaks and Kirgiz. Historical Research Serious research into the weaving culture of the Turkmen's must, of course, encompass more than aesthetic appreciation. -
Areathe Offical Publication of the Oriental Rug Importers Association, Inc
AREATHE OFFICAL PUBLICATION OF THE ORIENTAL RUG IMPORTERS ASSOCIATION, INC. DESIGN FOCUS Brian Murphy SPRING 2016 spring 2016 final.qxp_001 FALL 2006.qxd 3/9/16 11:24 AM Page 2 HERMITAGE COLLECTION TRULY ORIGINAL RUGS, PILLOWS AND THROWS Visit us at High Point | April 16-20, IHFC D320 LOLOIRUGS.CO M/HERMITAGE spring 2016 final.qxp_001 FALL 2006.qxd 3/9/16 11:24 AM Page 2 jamison 53304 jamison 53308 maddox 56503 Invite your customers to experience island-inspired living at its fi nest through the refi ned yet casual Tommy Bahama area rug collection. OWRUGS.COM/ Tommy spring 2016 final.qxp_001 FALL 2006.qxd 3/9/16 11:24 AM Page 2 INTRODUCING THE CHELSEA COLLECTION AN EXCLUSIVE FINE WOOL AND SILK CARPET PRODUCTION N e w J e r s e y D e l h i S h a n g h a i D u b a i M e l b o u r n e spring 2016 final.qxp_001 FALL 2006.qxd 3/9/16 11:24 AM Page 2 spring 2016 final.qxp_001 FALL 2006.qxd 3/16/16 11:57 AM Page 6 From the President’s Desk Dear Colleagues and Friends, will enhance the image of the oriental and orien- tal style rug and spark a new awareness and Judging from reports, the most recent January appreciation of a wide variety of rugs from all rug trade shows were well attended and sales were producing countries. So while congratulations are solid. Dealers in attendance reported they had a in order for members who had been and now will good 2015, finishing the year with be actively importing rugs from strong sales. -
The Space of the Anatolian Carpet, an Analytical Vision
275 Ismail Mahmoud, et al. The Space of the Anatolian Carpet, an Analytical Vision Prof. Ismail I. Mahmoud Textile Department, Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University, Egypt Ahmed Abdel Ghany Master Student, Faculty of Applied Arts. Helwan University, Printing, Egypt Abstract: Keywords: Anatolian rug designs are known to have a number of historical and aesthetic Space values. They certainly constitute a large portion of the body of existing oriental Anatolian rugs carpets. This study assumes that through an analytical investigation of their space; it will be easier for scholars to appreciate and comprehend the Anatolian rugs in Oriental rugs relation to their relevant layout, which will enable making new rug layouts with Composition similar aesthetic values. Composition principles Through a studious analysis of symbols used in Anatolian rugs, and comparing the use of space in the Anatolian and contemporary rug, a better understanding can be Rug Layout achieved of the sense and taste of aesthetics and ratio to spacing that would help Rug Design Anatomy predict the changes in carpet and rug spacing, so that new rug and carpet spacing Layout analysis methods can be introduced in a way that appeals to consumers. This study aims to analyze the layout of Anatolian rugs in accordance to design Anatolian rug layout basics; to help designers to better understand and develop rug layouts in a development systematic way. Along with studying the layouts, the focal standpoint of this study undergoes an artistic analysis of oriental rugs, covering discussions in various original studies and data sources. Furthermore, the research aims to further explore the motives related to the design and development of these rugs. -
AN OVERVIEW of the WORLD of ORIENTAL RUGS • the Constrution of an Oriental Rug O the Loom O the Knot O the Material O Types of Dyes
AN OVERVIEW OF THE WORLD OF ORIENTAL RUGS • The Constrution of an oriental rug o The loom o The knot o The material o Types of dyes . Vegatable or natural dyes . Aniline … mid 1800’s . chrome … early 1900’s chrome dyes proved to be excellent. Often times weavers will use a combination of vegetable dyes and chrome dyes, however, since the mid 20’s most rugs were made with chrome dyes. THE HISTOTRY • Rugs from 500BC to the 16th century • THE FIRST GREAT RUG RENAISSANCE… the 16th century ushered in the "GOLDEN AGE" of oriental rugs or The Sefavid dynasty … and its very famous shahs. • - 1499–1524 Ismail • - 1524–1576 Tahmasp • - 1587–1629 Abbas • In 1722 Persia was invaded by Afghanistan nomads • Mid 19th century, rug production started again • 1880-1915 … THE SECOND GREAT RUG RENAISSANCE. • By 1910 the U.S. imported 70 to 80% of the rugs that were made in Persia • Then in the early 1900’s, with the coming of European businessmen there came a demand for the rugs to have more continuity, color, and design. • City rugs verses village rugs • World War I and World War II • Rugs were being woven throughout the orient (which extends basically from the Balkens all the way east to China. However, the best rugs were from Iran… • By around 1980 the technology or production of making an oriental rug began to really develop • The demand • Buying what’s available or producing what you want • continuity • Village verses factory City rugs verses village rugs • The quality of the wool • Hand spun verses machine spun • The dyes • The weave • The washing and finishing • The two biggest driving forces for the significant changes in production in the late 1900’s were: o The demand of traditionalist or purist to get back to genuine weaving o Industry leaders responding to the demand for decorative carpets • 1979 Iranian crisis • 1979 Soviet invades Afganistan • THE THIRD GREAT RUG RENAISSANCE… 1980-present 1 . -
Identification Manual
ORIENTAL & FINE AREA RUG CLEANING IDENTIFICATION MANUAL “TRY NOT TO BECOME A MAN OF SUCCESS, BUT RATHER A MAN OF VALUE.” – ALBERT EINSTEIN RUG TYPES AND CONSTRUCTION The construction of any hand-woven or machine-woven rug begins with the interlacing of warp (vertical) and weft (horizontal) yarns, which are known as the foundation. This creates the basic structure of the rug, to which the pile yarns may be added with hand knotting or mechanical insertion. Foundation yarns used in rugs are: wool, silk, cotton, jute, polyester and polypropylene. Foundation yarns include: Warp – cotton, wool, silk, linen, polyester, slit-film polypropylene. Weft – cotton, wool, silk, jute, spun polypropylene. Stuffer – cotton (one or several). Differences between Hand-Made and Machine-Made Rugs Items to Inspect: Machine Made: Hand Made: Warp Yarns Warps visible on the back Knots visible, pattern distinct Weft Yarns Double “shots” if Gripper Visible on back, single and Axminster double weft End Finish Fringe sewn or stitched on Extension of warp yarns unless repaired Edge Finish Edges are machine serged or Edges hand sewn or stitched “overcast” WARPS NAP OR PILE KNOTS (SHOWN IS THE EDGE WEFT ASSYMETRIC BINDING “PERSIAN” OR “SENNEH” KNOT KNOW) WARP WEFTS KILIM END FINISH OVERCASTING OR KILIM KILIM FRINGE 1 Basic Rug ID Chart: Hand Woven: Hand Knotted Iran, India, Pakistan, Oriental China,Tibet, Nepal, Visible Weft Turkey, Afghanistan, Overcast by Hand Africa, Spain Fringe Extension of Warp Pattern on Back is Distinct Flat Weave Not Perfectly Symmetrical Dhurrie, -
Newsletter of the New England Rug Society
View from the Fringe Newsletter of the New England Rug Society Vol. X, No. 3 January 15, 2003 www.ne-rugsociety.org Next Meeting: Bethany Mendenhall and Charles Lave: “Out of the Cedar Chest” At their talk on February 7, NERS members Charles Lave and Bethany Mendenhall will reflect Next Meeting Details on the enterprise of collecting, illustrating their Date: Friday, February 7 thoughts with items from their collections. Charles Time: 7:30PM will pursue ideas about the fun of fragments: the at- traction of asymmetry and the passion for the primi- Place: Armenian Library and Museum, tive. This leads to two concomitant questions: where 65 Main Street, Watertown is the dividing line between “art” and “inept”? And Directions: which side does his collection represent? Bethany Go to Watertown Square (out-of-towners, get off will talk about the interplay of the rational and the the Mass Pike at exit 17 and follow the signs.) emotional in acquisition decisions—“head pieces” Take Main Street (Rte. 20) westbound. The second vs. “heart pieces.” And there will be lots of beauti- light is Church Street, and the Museum is on the ful—probably Anatolian—rugs to see and feel! righthand corner. Charles is a Professor of Economics at the Parking: University of California, Irvine. Retired from teach- Go right on Church Street and into the municipal ing, he still does research and participates in the life lot on the right. Most meters are free after 6PM, of the university. Bethany was a career art librarian but check to make sure! before retiring from the Getty Research Institute five years ago. -
The Incredible Art of Oriental Rug Making
The Incredible Art of Oriental Rug Making The handmade Oriental rug is not simply The loom has remained largely unchanged a work of art, but a journey in time and space to an ancient over the centuries. The most primitive forms are the nomadic or realm of beauty and mystical charm. No other art form bridges horizontal designed with easy portability in mind. Village and city so many centuries, spans so many cultures, and captivates rug-making utilize the vertical loom, consisting of two vertical so many people as that of the Oriental rug. Iran, India, China, beams, comprising the rug’s width, called the “warp” threads. Pakistan, Turkey, Nepal, Afghanistan, Rumania, Russia and Armenia are the countries from whose talented artisans come The warp threads, which usually are made these truly exquisite creations. From the famous Pazyrk carpet, of cotton or wool yarns, are tightly stretched along the length of discovered in a 2,500 year-old Siberian burial site, to the most the loom. In a pile rug, pieces of differently colored woolen yarn contemporary utilizing modern designs, these woven treasures are nimbly “knotted” around each pair of warp threads. As each represent centuries of the most exquisite artistry and meticulous row of knots is completed, weft threads are inserted across the craftsmanship. Remarkably, the method of creations has width of the loom and a new row is begun. The weft and the remained relatively unchanged for over two millennia. Turkish knot (symmetric) Persian knot (asymmetric) warp thereby make up the hidden foundation of the rug and the knots create the pile and the pattern. -
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Journal of Arts & Humanities Volume 09, Issue 05, 2020: 39-46 Article Received: 20-04-2020 Accepted: 12-05-2020 Available Online: 20-05-2020 ISSN: 2167-9045 (Print), 2167-9053 (Online) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/journal.v9i5.1914 Traditional Carpet-Rug Descriptions in the Paintings of Turkish Painters (post-1882 period)1 Müzeyyen TATLICI2, F.Nurcan SERT3 ABSTRACT Background: Carpet-rug art is an important material in Turkish culture and life. Anatolia's thousands of years of cultural heritage, folklore, and life have been processed not only in paintings but also in rugs in order to transfer it to its works, sometimes with realistic, sometimes impressionist or abstract interpretations. The first carpet samples were found in East Turkistan with the Pazırık tomb in the Altai in line with the examinations and information made in the various excavations and it is estimated that they were built in the BC 5-3 century. Objective: Seals identity that the carpet-rug lived in Anatolia in Turkey date is the record of relations with extant prior rights. The characteristics that convey past cultural experiences to today still continue. It enables culture to be passed down from generation to generation with its unique fabric shape and patterns. Method: With this research, it has been tried to be revealed the depictions of traditional rugs in carpets-rugs that were influenced in the works of Turkish painters the period after 1882 by literature scanning. Conclusion: As a result of the study, it is observed that the painters were not independent from the Turkish customs, traditions and culture while they were painting. -
Turkish Carpets and Kilims
TURKISH CARPETS AND KILIMS HAND MADE CARPETS The Oriental Carpets and the Turks The carpet is a gift from the Turkish people to world civilization. The knotted rug, the earliest samples of which have been found in Central Asia where the Turks used to live, is an art form discovered, developed and presented to the world by the Turks. In order to protect themselves from the cold of the Central Asian steppes, where they used to live, the Turks invented the carpet using lamb’s wool which was abundant. Turks have taken this art form with them and spread it wherever they have traveled. In the 1940s, when the Russian archaeologist Rudenko was excavating burial mounds at Pazyryk in the foothills of the Altai Mountains in Siberia, where Turkish people used to live, he discovered the earliest surviving carpet in the world, in the fifth of the mounds. This carpet was woven using the Turkish knot, in between 3rd and 2nd Centuries BC, and it is generally accepted that this carpet is attributed to the Asian Khuns. Hand-Made Carpets and Kilims The carpet is a woven textile which is produced by knotting colored threads on the warp, compressed by the weft. Two types of knots are used in producing carpets: The Turkish (Gördes-symmetrical) knot is wrapped around two warps and the Persian (Sine- asymmetric) knot around a single warp. The Gördes knot makes a carpet stronger, firmer and more durable, while the Sine knot allows the weaving of different patterns. The tighter the knots, the finer and stronger is the carpet.