Minerals

The Building Blocks of Rocks What is a Mineral

6 C 12

FeS2 SiO2

NaCl Properties of Minerals • Color • Hardness • Streak • Cleavage/Fracture • Crystal Form • Density • Luster • Other Properties How Do Minerals Form Process Example Description Groups of Minerals Rocks

Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary Three Types of Rocks

Igneous – Rocks that form when magma or lava harden

Sedimentary – Rocks that form from the compaction and cementation of sediments

Metamorphic – Rocks that form as a result of heat and/or pressure without ever becoming molten material Igneous Rocks Types of Igneous Rock Extrusive – Lava cooling on the surface Intrusive – Magma cooling below the surface Formation of Igneous Rock Bowen’s Reaction Series Different minerals crystallize at different times as the magma cools As minerals crystallize, the composition of the magma changes Igneous Rocks Classification of Igneous Rock Texture Large Crystals vs Small Crystals Cools Slowly vs. Cools Quickly Intrusive vs. Extrusive Rock Composition Made of Silica vs. Iron and Magnesium Sedimentary Rocks Formation of Sedimentary Rock Weathering – The breaking of rock into smaller pieces called sediment Erosion – The movement of sediment from one place to another Deposition – When the sediments are dropped into a new place Compaction – Sediment is squeezed and space between sediment is reduced Cementation – Sediments are glued together by minerals deposited by water Sedimentary Rocks Classification of Sedimentary Rock Chemical Sedimentary Rock Forms from minerals dissolved in water Organic Sedimentary Rock Forms from remains of living things Clastic Sedimentary Rock Forms from rock fragments glued together Metamorphic Rocks

Formation of Metamorphic Rock Metamorphism is the change of mineral composition from heat and pressure Minerals do not completely melt and turn to magma Metamorphic Rocks Contact Metamorphism

Occurs when magma comes into contact with existing rock

Small areas of rock Regional Metamorphism

Heat and pressure associated with movement of crust causes chemical changes

May effect thousands of square kilometers Metamorphic Rocks Classification of Metamorphic Rock Foliated Minerals are arranged in planes or bands Nonfoliated Metamorphic rock that does is not arranged in bands Review

What are the five characteristics of a mineral

Describe the four processes that form minerals How are minerals classified What are the major groups of minerals