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ABRIR TOMO I BIBLIOTECA U CM Iimiiiimuhii 5309018340 ABRIR TOMO I BIBLIOTECA U CM IImIIIImuhII 5309018340 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN UN NUEVO CONCEPTO DE INFORMACIÓN Y DOCUMENTACIÓN EN LOS PERIÓDICOS ELECTRÓNICOS TESIS DOCTORAL Se recuerda al lector no hacer más USO de esta obra que el que t:es \flnentes qC’O dc’ Sr.: permiten las dkpos!c sobre los Derechos de Propiedad útI LS intelectual del autor. La Biblioteca queda exenta de toda responsabWdad. 1 ANEXOS) UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID ¡—ng x-í3-335709—É FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS Juan Carlos Marcos Recio DE LA INFORMACION REGISTROS DE L¡BROS BIBLIOTECA GENERAL N~ Registro 1<ti& 522. Madrid, 1998 INDRE Pa~xna INTRODUCCIÓN CAPITULO 1: OBJEIIVOS. MÉTODO, RIENTES Y BIBLIOGRAFIA 1.1. Objetivo y alcance de la investigación 19 1.2. Método 23 1.3. Fuentes y Bibliografía 26 1.4. Formulación de la hipótesis 28 1.5. Otras consideraciones 31 1. SOPORTES DOCUMENTALES E INFORMATIVOS: EL PROCESODOCUMENTAL 1. CAPITULO 2: EVOLUCIóN DE LOS SOPORTES DOCUMENTALES E INFORMATIVOS 1.2.1 INFORMACIóN Y DOCUMENTACIÓN MANUSCRITA 37 L 2.1.1 Consideraciones generales 37 1.2.1.2 Información y documentación manuscrita: orígenes y evolución 44 1.2.1.2.1 La cultura mesopotámicay eblaita 44 1.2.1.2.2 El Delta del Nilo: documentos en papiro 46 1.2.1.3 Contenidos informativos: el periodismo cuenta historias 48 1.2.1.3.1 Ladocumentación registra noticias que pasan a lahistoria 49 1.2.1.3.2 Romaapuesta por el libro comosoporte documental 52 1.2.1.3.3 El cristianismo impone el latín 57 1. 2.1.4 Otras formas de comunicación aportadas porel cambio social 60 1. 2.2.INFORMACIÓN Y DOCUMENTACIÓN FACTURADA 63 L 2.2.1 Consideraciones generales 63 L 2.2.2 Contenidos informativos y documentales 64 1. 2.2.3 La imprenta: una necesidad social de lectura 66 1.2.2.3.1 El desarrollode la imprenta 68 Página 8 ¡Mice 1.2.2.4 Información y documentación en el Renacimiento 72 L 2.2.5 Aparición de los primeros periódicos 74 ¡.2.2.5.1 Orígenes de lanoticia impresa 1.2.2.5.2 Orígenes de las publicacionesperiódicas 77 ¡.2.3 INFORMACIÓN Y DOCUMENTACIÓN: LLEGA EL ORDENADOR 79 1.2.3.1 Consideraciones generales 79 1.2.3.2 Concepto de actualidad 80 1.2.3.3 Primeros avances tecnológicos en los periódicos 8! 1.2.3.3.1 Deja composición manual al Compuier lo PIale (CTP) 82 1.2.3.3.2 Dcla impresión manual alperiódico en pantalla 85 L 2.3.4 El onlenadoren laredacción: apoyos infonnativos y documentales 9’ L 2.3.5 Primeros avances mecánicos en el centro de documentación: la microfilmación 98 1.2.3.6 El ordenador en el centro de documentación: apoyos informativos y documentales 101 1.2.4 INFORMACIÓN Y DOCUMENTACIÓN EN OTROS SOPORTES 105 L 2.4.1 Consideraciones generales í~s 1. 2.4.2 Adaptación de los ordenadores a la redacción y al centro de documentación ¡06 1.2.4.3 La información viaja en otros soportes iii 1.2.4.3.1 Periódicos por fax 113 1.2.4.3.2 Periódicos en pantalla: ordenador o televisión 115 1.2.4.3.3 Periódicosen soporte CD-ROM 118 1.2.4.3.4 Información en otros soportes: CD-I y servicios combinados 121 ¡.2.4.3.5 Información personalizada: el correo electrónico 123 <Anexos IyIJ> LCAPhULO 3: PROCESO DOCUMENTAL DE LA INFORMACIÓN 1.3.1 LA DOCUMENTACIÓN COMO CIENCiA 127 L 3.1. 1.Consideraciones generales 127 L 3.1.2 Documentación como ciencia: orígenes ¡29 1.3.1.2.1 La biblioteconomía evoluciona hacia ladocumentación 134 1.3.1.2.2 Entorno alconcepto de definición de ladocumentación 137 ¡Mice Página 9 1.3.2 L* DOCUMENTACIÓN PERIOD~STICA 144 1.3.2.1 Consideraciones generales 144 1. 3.2.2 Aproximación al concepto de documentación periodística 146 L 3.2.3 Orígenes de ladocumentación periodística 150 1.3.2.3.1 La documentación se presenta como información: siglos XVII y XVIII 152 1.3.2.3.2 Ladocumentación en el periodi~noinformativo y de calidad: siglo XIX 153 ¡.3.2.3.3 Valoración documentaldel periodismo: siglo XX 159 L 3.2.3.3.1 Documentación periodística en EEUU: 19~-45 160 L 3.2.3.3.2 Documentación periodística en Europa: 19oc-45 164 1.3.2.3.3.3 Documentación periodística en EE.UU a partir de 1945 167 L 3.2.3.3.4 Documentación periodística en Europa a partir de 1945 168 1.3.2.3.4 La documentación al serviciode la información interpretativa 171 1. 3.2.4 En tomo a una definición de documentación periodística 173 1.3.3 EL ANÁLISIS DE LA INFORMACIÓN Y LA DOCUMENTACIÓN 179 1. 3.3.1 Consideraciones generales 179 1.3.3.2 Tratamiento informativo-documental 180 1.3.3.2.1 La documentación comoactualización informativa 181 1.3.3.2.2 La documentación como valor informativo 183 ¡.3.3.3 Proceso informativo-documental 185 1.3.3.3.1 Elementosque intervienen en elproceso informativo-documental 189 1.3.4 LA CADENA DOCUMENTAL 194 1.3.4.1 Consideraciones generales 194 1. 3.4.2 La cadena documental 196 1.3.4.2.1 Operaciones documentalesen elcentro de documentación periodística 199 1.3.4.2.1.1 Política de selección de documentos 200 L 3.4.2.1.2 Análisis de los documentos periodísticos 204 L3.4.2.1.2.1 Operaciones del análisis documental 206 L 3.4.2.1.2.1.1 Análisis formal de los documentos 207 L3.4.2.1.2.l.2 Análisis de contenido de los documentos 208 L 3.4.2.1.3 Aplicación lingílística a los documentos 210 L 3.4.2.1.4 Recuperación y difusión de la información 214 <Anexo II!) Página 10 Indice II. FUENTES DE INFORMACIóN IL CAPITULO 4: FUENTES lIBRADAS EN EL CENTRO DE DOCUNENTACIÓN PERIODíSTICA 11.4.1 FUENTES DE INFORMACIÓN GENERAL 221 11. 4. 1.1 Consideraciones generales 221 11. 4. 1.2 Fuentes de información general 223 II. 4.1.3 El documento como fuente de información 225 II. 4.2 PRINCIPALES FUENTES DE INFORMACIÓN 230 11.4.2.1 Consideraciones generales 230 II. 4.2.2 Principales fuentesde información 231 11.4.2.3 Fuentes de información ubicadas en un centro de documentación periodística 232 114.2.3.1 Obras de referencia 232 114.2.3.1.1 Diccionarios 237 11.4.2.3.1.2 Enciclopedias 240 11.4.2.3.1.3 Repertorios biográficos 242 11.4.2.3.1.4 Atlas y anuarios geográficos 244 114.2.3.1.5 Guías y directorios 247 11.4.2.3.1.6 Anales y cronologías 250 11.4.2.3.2 Repertorios 252 11.4.2.3.3 Obras propias para periodistas 254 II. 4.2.4 Fuentes de información en Internet 257 1142 j.’ Obras generales- 262 11.4.2.4.1.1 Megascurces: Http://www.iyerson.ca (Anexo IV) 264 11.4.2.4.1.2 World Wide Web Virtual Library: 1-líÉp://www.cais.com/makulow/vlj html (Anexo y) 275 11.4.2.4.1.3 The European Journa]ism Page: Http://www.demon.co.uk/eurojournalism (Anexo VI> 280 11.4.2.4.1.4 TheJournalist’s Resource Site: Http://www.mindspring.coml—mamcgee/journalist.htrnl (Anexo VII) 286 11.4.2.4.1.5 Magazine aud Newsletter Editor’s Resource List Hp://www.flleshop.con~rsonaYtgoWeñsLhflnI#/jownaUsm <Anexo VIII) 292 11.4.2.4.1.6 Internet Jot¡rnalism Resources: Http:flwww.nioorhcad.msus.edaí—gunamt/¡jr <Anexo XIX) 297 11.4.2.4.1.7 Asian Studies WWW VirtualLibrary: Http://coombs.edu.au/WWWVL-AsianStudies.html (Anexox) 301 ¡Mice Página 11 11.4.2.4.1.8 National Radio News: Http://www.csu.edu.au/NRNjlink.html (Anexo XI) 304 11.3.2.4.1.9 The WWW Virtual Library: Subject Cataiogue: 1-Ittp://vlib.stanford.edu/Overview.htm¡ (Anexo XII) 307 11.4.2.4.1.10 Special Libraries Associations: News Division: Http://sunsite.unc.edu/slanews (Anexo XIII) 312 11.4.2.4.1.11 Northwestern University Library: Internet Reseurces: Http://www.library.nwu.edu/resources/library (Anexo XIV) 317 fi. 4.2.4.1.12 The Journalistic Resources Page: Lmks lo Journalisni: Http://www.it-kompetens.com/journ/jlinks.html <Anexo XV) 319 11.4.2.4.2 Obras particulares 321 11.4.2.4.2.1 Press en ligne: Http://www.imaginet.fr/pel 323 11.4.2.4.2.2 NewspapersFramed: Http://www.club.innet.behyear0230 333 11. 4.2.4.2.3 Internet Sources forJournalists and Broadcaslers: Http://www.synapse.netbradio/welcome.html 343 11.4.2.4.2.4 Libweb: Library WWW Servers: Http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/Libweb 347 11.4.2.4.2.5 Otras fuentes de consulta menores 351 11. 4.2.5 Archivos de información en Internet 359 11.4.2.5.1 JoumalismNet:Rttp://www.journalismnet.com <Anexo XVI) 360 11.4.2.5.2 InvesíigateJourna]ismon the Net: News,audio and visual archives: Http://www.vir.comksher/archives.htm#News 367 III. LA INFORMACIÓN PERSONALIZADA EN UN MUNDO SIN FRONTERAS hL CAPITULO 5: EL PERIODISMO ELECTRÓNICO Y LA INFORMACIÓN ESPECIALIZADA tu. S.l INFORMACIÓN ELECTRÓNICA 377 hL 5.1.1 Consideraciones generales 377 hL 5.1.2 Información electrónica 378 111.5.1.2.1 Soportes en los que circula la informaciónelectrónica 386 IR. 5.1.2.2 Incidencia de los nuevos soportes en elCentro de Documentación 389 III.
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