Orthoptera: Prophalangopsidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, China

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A exceptionally-preserved new species of Barchaboilus (Orthoptera: Prophalangopsidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, China

JUN-JIE GU1, GE-XIA QIAO2 & DONG REN1 1College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuanbeilu 105, Haidian District, Beijing, China. E-mail: [email protected] 2Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China

Abstract

A new species of Prophalangopsidae, Bacharboilus lii sp. nov., is described. It was collected from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou Village, Ningcheng County, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, China. This exquisitely preserved specimen exhibits clear wing venation and head structures, especially the mouthpart morphology. The stout mandibles bear well defined molar dentes which indicate an herbivorous feeding habit.

Key words: Bacharboilus, new species, Jiulongshan Formation, mandibles

Introduction

A number of prophalangopsids collected from Chinese Middle Jurassic deposits have been described in recent years. (Hong 1982, 1983, 1984, 1986; Wang 1987; Lin & Huang 2006, Ren & Meng, 2006; Li et al. 2007; Fang et al. 2007, 2009; Lin et al. 2008; Gu et al. 2009, 2010). They are known based on forewing venation, but few with head morphology. Herein, we report a new species assigned to Bacharboilus Gorochov 1988, and provide more information on head characters of Bacharboilus. The material was collected from the Daohugou Village, Jiulongshan Formation, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China. Here we consider the age of the Formation as the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian–Callovian bound- ary interval) (Ren et al. 1995; Ren et al. 2002; Ren et al. 2010; Cui et al. 2010).

Material and methods

The specimen CNU-ORT-NN2011001PC is housed in Sanya Palaeontological Museum. The specimen was exam- ined with a Leica DFC 500 dissecting microscope. Line drawings and figs were prepared with CorelDraw 12 graphic software and Photoshop CS3. The photographs were taken by Leica DFC 500 dissecting microscope and Epson scanner Perfection 1650. The wing venation nomenclature used in this paper is based on the interpretation of Béthoux & Nel (2001, 2002): Corresponding abbreviations are: ScP, posterior Subcosta; RA, anterior Radius; RP, posterior Radius; MA, anterior Media; MP, posterior Media; CuA, anterior Cubitus; CuP, posterior Cubitus; CuPaα, the anterior branch of first posterior Cubitus; CuPaβ, the posterior branch of first posterior Cubitus; CuPb, the second posterior Cubitus. AA, anterior Analis; AA1, first anterior Analis. The term ‘handle’ describes a strong cross-vein appearing as a main vein.

64 Accepted by D. Rentz: 4 May 2011; published: 8 Jun. 2011 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited.

Systematic palaeontology

Order Orthoptera Olivier, 1789

Family Prophalangopsidae Kirby, 1906

Subfamily Aboilinae Martynov, 1925

Genus Bacharaboilus Gorochov 1988

Type species. Bacharaboilus mongolicus Gorochov 1988

Type horizon and locality. Middle Jurassic, Bakhar, Mongolia. Revised diagnosis. For male forewing, posterior wing margin posteriorly bowed in its basal half, ScA slightly curved, reaching anterior margin before the middle length of forewing, area between base of RP and MA markedly broad, RP basally curved.

Bacharaboilus lii sp.nov. Figs. 1–2

Diagnosis. RP branching earlier, basal of the first branch of RA; CuPaβ between ‘handle’ and posterior wing margin undulate; AA1 fusing with CuPb for a moderate distance; CuPb between handle and CuPaα short. Etymology. The specific name is dedicated to Mr. Li Yuezhuo, Director of Sanya Palaeontological Museum, for providing this specimen for this study. Holotype. CNU-ORT-NN2011001PC. Horizon and locality. Jiulongshan Formation, Middle Jurassic; Daohugou Village, Ningcheng County, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, China. Description. Head is hypognathous, about 5.2 mm wide; antennae inserted between the eyes, space between sockets of antennae about 2.3 mm; antennae typical of Ensifera, about 80 mm (much longer than the body), scapus cylindrical; mandibles stout, bearing strong molars and dentition, the dentition of the left and right mandibles is not very asymmetrical (Fig. 1, A). Forewing (Fig. 2, A–D: about 42 mm long, maximal width 20 mm; ScA slightly curved and reaching anterior wing margin close to mid-length of wing, at the level of the divergence of R; ScP basally bowed towards anterior margin, branches of ScP numerous, with a network of cells between them; R long and straight, simple for 18 mm, then forking into RA and RP close to the mid-length of wing, area between ScP and R broader than area between R and M + CuA in basal part; RA pectinate with 6 branches; RP branched earlier, basal of the first branch of RA, pectinate with 5 branches; areas between the branches of RP with regular reticu- lated cross-veins in most part; area between ScP and R broader than area between R and M + CuA in basal part, a series of straight cross-veins regularly arranged between RA and RP; M forks into MA and MP before the divergence of R, MP basally curved; area between base of RP and MA broad, with some gently curved cross-veins; free part of CuA straight, 4 mm, slightly longer than free part of M; CuA + CuPaα ramified at its origin, with 5 terminal branches reaching posterior wing margin; ‘handle’ straight, CuPaβ between its base and ‘handle’ straight, CuPaβ between ‘handle’ and posterior wing margin undulate; area between CuPaβ and last posterior branch of CuA + CuPaα apparently broad and filled with straight or curved cross-veins in most basal part, cross-veins near posterior margin formed into network; CuPb sharply curved and long, area between CuPb and CuPaβ narrower than area between CuPaβ and last posterior branch of CuA + CuPaα, filled with straight or gently curved cross-veins; stridu- latory vein located on CuPb; AA1 similar to CuPb in shape and fused with CuPb for a moderate distance near wing margin, then running to posterior margin; 2 anal veins straight, cross-veins between AA1 and AA2 straight. Hind wing strongly overlapped and damaged; RA and RP have numerous branches (Fig. 2 E–F).

A NEW JURASSIC PROPHALANGOSPSIDAE OF CHINA Zootaxa 2909 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 65 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited.

FIGURE 1. CNU-ORT-NN2011001P, A. photograph of habitus (dry, negative imprint), scale bar represents 10 mm. B. photograph of mandibles (under ethanol, negative imprint), scale bar represent 1 mm.

Discussion

This new species can be assigned to Aboilinae of Prophalangopsidae by its developed ScA cutting branches of ScP and reaching anterior margin at the level of divergence of R, area between ScA and anterior margin broad, cross- veins between CuPb and CuPaβ. It can be assigned to Bacharaboilus Gorochov 1988 by the following combination

66 · Zootaxa 2909 © 2011 Magnolia Press GU ET AL. TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. of characters: base of MP is curved, R forks into RA and RP close to the mid-length of wing, area between base of RP and MA is broad, posterior wing margin is posteriorly bowed in its basal half. It differs from the type species Bacharaboilus mongolicus Gorochov 1988 by its RP branching basal of the branching of RA; CuPaβ between the handle and posterior margin of wing undulate; CuPb between handle and CuPaα short; AA1 fused with CuPb for a moderate distance and its rather short forewing. It shares with Circulaboilus aureus Li, Ren & Wang, 2007 and C. priscus Gu, Qiao & Ren 2010 a basally curved RP, but differs from them by its comparatively short ScA. The feeding habits of fossil representatives of prophalangopsids were considered as phytophagous or polypha- gous (Gorochov 2003; Krassilov 1997) and some might have been predaceous (Gorochov 2003). This new species displays stout and thick mandibles, with shortened apical teeth and well defined molar dentes (on the inner side of the mandibles) for grinding vegetations; the dentitions of the left and right mandibles are slightly asymmetrical. It looks like the stander mandibles of modern katydids (Rentz 2010), and reflects a possible herbivorous feeding habit.

FIGURE 2. CNU-ORT-NN2011001PC, A. Photograph of left forewing (dry, negative imprint), B. line drawing of left forewing, C. photograph of right forewing (dry, negative imprint, flipped horizontally), D. line drawing of right forewing, E. photograph of hind wings (dry, negative imprint) and F. line drawing of hind wings. Scale bar represent 10 mm.

Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Shih Chungkun for improving our manuscript and Dr. D.C. Rentz for providing literatures. This research is supported by the Nation al Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40872022, 31071964), the Nature Science Foundation of Beijing (No.5082002), the Key and PHR Program of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education, the Chinese Municipal Education Commission Discipline Construction and Graduate Education Con- struction Project, a grant (No.O529YX5105) from the Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a grant from the Research Fund of the Orthopterists’ Society.

A NEW JURASSIC PROPHALANGOSPSIDAE OF CHINA Zootaxa 2909 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 67 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited.

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