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Zootaxa, New Fossil Prophalangopsidae (Orthoptera, Hagloidea

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Zootaxa, New Fossil Prophalangopsidae (Orthoptera, Hagloidea TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Zootaxa 2004: 16–24 (2009) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2009 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) New fossil Prophalangopsidae (Orthoptera, Hagloidea) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China JUNJIE GU, YUN-YUN ZHAO1 & DONG REN1 College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China 1Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Abstract Two new species attributed to the genus Sigmaboilus Fang, Zhang & Wang, 2007 are described from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou Village, Inner Mongolia, China: Sigmaboilus fuscus sp. nov., S. peregrinus sp. nov. The diagnosis of the genus is revised. Key words: Orthoptera, Prophalangopsidae, new species, Middle Jurassic, Daohugou, China Introduction Prophalangopsidae Kirby, 1906 contains one extant and five fossil subfamilies: Aboilinae Martynov, 1925 (Lower Jurassic-Upper Cretaceous, Siberia, Kazakhstan, Kirgyzstan, Mongolia, China, Japan, Germany; Martynov, 1925), Protaboilinae Gorochov, 1988 (Lower Jurassic, Middle Asia; Gorochov, 1988), Chifengiinae Hong, 1982 (Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous, Siberia, China; Hong, 1982), Termitidiinae Zeuner, 1939 (Lower Cretaceous, England; Zeuner, 1939), Tettohaglinae Gorochov, 2003 (Lower Cretaceous, Siberia; Gorochov, 2003) and an extant subfamily, Prophalangopsinae Kirby, 1906 (India, China; Kirby, 1906). Aboilinae constitutes the most species-rich and diverse subfamily of all (Gorochov, 2003). Up to now, 19 genera and 46 species belonging to Aboilinae have been described (Deichmuller, 1886; Martynov, 1925; Sharov, 1962, 1968, Fujiama, 1976; Hong, 1982, 1983; Gorochov, 1988, 1990, 1996; Li et al., 2007; Fang et al., 2007). Recently, we recovered 24 fossil specimens of Aboilinae containing two new species: S. fuscus sp. nov., S. peregrinus sp. nov. Based on these well-preserved fossil specimens collected from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation at Daohugou Village, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China, the diagnosis of Sigmaboilus Fang, Zhang & Wang, 2007 is revised and intraspecific forewing variation is briefly discussed. The age of the Jiulongshan Formation is still controversial, but most published biostratigraphic correlations and radiometric dates support a Middle Jurassic age (Chen et al. 2004; Ren et al. 1995; Ren et al. 2002; Tan & Ren 2002; Gao & Ren 2006). Material and methods All the type specimens of the new species are housed at the Key Lab of Insect Evolution & Environmental Changes, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China. The specimens were examined with a Leica MZ12.5 dissecting microscope and illustrated with the aid of a drawing tube attached to the microscope. Line drawings were made with CorelDraw 12 graphic software. 16 Accepted by D. Rentz: 17 Dec. 2008; published: 5 Feb. 2009 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. In order to establish a cladistic phylogeny of the Orthoptera, a new venation nomenclature and a new interpretation of the wing venation pattern have been proposed by Béthoux & Nel (2001, 2002). The venation nomenclature of Orthoptera remains a focus of discussion (Béthoux, 2007; Rasnitsyn, 2007). The wing venation nomenclature used in this paper is based on the interpretation of Béthoux & Nel (2001, 2002, 2005): ScA, anterior subcosta; ScP, posterior subcosta; RA, anterior radial; RP, posterior radial; MA, anterior media; MP, posterior media; CuA, anterior Cubitus; CuP1a, the anterior branch of first posterior Cubitus; CuP1b, the posterior branch of first posterior Cubitus; CuP2, the second posterior Cubitus; handle, a strong cross-vein appearing as a main vein, between origin of CuA + CuP1a and CuP1b. Systematic Palaeontology Order Orthoptera Olivier, 1789 Superfamily Hagloidea Handlirsch, 1906 Family Prophalangopsidae Kirby, 1906 Subfamily Aboilinae Martynov, 1925 Genus Sigmaboilus Fang, Zhang & Wang, 2007 Type species: Sigmaboilus gorochovi Fang, Zhang & Wang, 2007 Revised diagnosis: Forewing: Base of tegmen constricted; ScA long, mildly undulate, reaching anterior wing margin beyond midlength; ScP long with numerous branches ending in stem ScA; Cross-veins at the base of area between CuA+M and CuP sigmoidal; CuA and CuP1a remaining united as CuA+CuP1a for a short and appreciable distance . Hindwing: ScP and R with basal common stem, basal free part of R slightly curved; R diverging nearer wing base than in forewing, RP branched before first branch of RA; M bowed toward R and diverging before origin of RP. Species included: S. gorochovi Fang, Zhang & Wang, 2007, S. sinensis Fang, Zhang & Wang, 2007, S. fuscus sp. nov. S. peregrinus sp. nov. Remarks: The genus Sigmaboilus Fang, Zhang & Wang, 2007 was erected based on only a single forewing from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. The diagnostic characteristics of the hind wing can be seen clearly from the material described here: ScP fused with R at base, separated before the point of origin MA. Key to species of the genus Sigmaboilus based on tegmen 1. Whole tegmen fuscous.................................................................................................................................................. 2 -. The coloration of tegmen formed irregular bands ........................................................................................................ 3 2. Second anterior branch of CuA+CuP1a forked and CuP1b straight ............ S. gorochovi Fang, Zhang & Wang, 2007 -. Second anterior branch of CuA+CuP1a pectinate and CuP1b curved. .............................................. S. fuscus sp. nov. 3. First and second anterior branch of CuA+CuP1a forked, the ‘handle’ forming a distinct angle with crossvein between the ‘handle’ and CuP1a.......................................................................S. sinensis Fang, Zhang & Wang, 2007 -. Second anterior branch of CuA+CuP1a dichotomously ramified, the ‘handle’ subparallel to each crossvein between the ‘handle’ and CuP1a................................................................................................................ S. peregrinus sp. nov. JURASSIC PROPHALANGOPSIDAE FROM CHINA Zootaxa 2004 © 2009 Magnolia Press · 17 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Sigmaboilus fuscus sp. nov. (Figs. 1–2) Diagnosis: Forewing: Whole tegmen fuscous; precostal area approximately triangular; basal free part of CuA gently curved; second anterior branch of CuA+CuP1a pectinate with four branches; CuP1b slightly curved. Hindwing: ScP and R with a long basal common stem; R diverging nearer wing base than in forewing, RP branched before first branch of RA; M bowed towards R and diverging before origin of RP. FIGURE 1. Sigmaboilus fuscus sp. nov., photograph of holotype, CNU-ORT-NN2008035. FIGURE 2. Sigmaboilus fuscus sp. nov., line drawing of holotype, A. forewing; B. hindwing, CNU-ORT-NN2008035. Description: Forewings; long and narrow; base of tegmen constricted. Preserved length about 30.5 mm, width 8.7 mm (opposite the fusion of ScA with anterior margin, holotype). Area between ScA and anterior margin approximately triangular and numerous ‘radial veinlets’ coupled with regular cross-veins at its base, loose branches and network of irregular cross-veins take up distal part. ScA long, mildly undulate, reaching 18 · Zootaxa 2004 © 2009 Magnolia Press GU ET AL. TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. anterior wing margin slightly beyond first branch of RA. ScP apparently long, branches of ScP numerous and most of them end in stem ScA, straight and regular cross-veins between them; Area between ScP and R narrow. R straight and strong, R and M with basal common stem; R forking into RA and RP at about 1/3 basal tegminal length, RA posteriorly pectinate with 5 branches in preserved part, RP branched beyond first branch of RA, posteriorly pectinate at least with 4 branches; Area between R and M with straight and more or less parallel cross-veins in preserved part. M forked before the origin of RP, MA oriented towards RP at its origin, further gently curved and oriented toward posterior wing margin; Cross-veins at the base of area between CuA+M and CuP sigmoidal. Basal free part of CuA gently curved and slightly longer than basal free part of M; point of fusion of CuA and CuP1a beyond divergence of M; CuP1a twice the length of CuA before their fusion; CuA and CuP1a remaining united as CuA+CuP1a for a short and measurable distance, and exhibiting 6 terminal branches, first anterior branch of CuA+CuP1a oriented toward MP, beyond gently curved; second anterior branch of CuA+CuP1a pectinate with four branches; cross-veins between branches of CuA+CuP1a variable, some sigmoidal, some ramified; CuP1b slightly sigmoidal; CuP2 strong, sharply curved, probably Z- shaped, cross-veins between CuP2 and CuP1b curved. 1A strong and similar to CuP2 in shape, probably touching CuP2 at a point, 2A apparently S-shaped. Hindwing: Poorly preserved and largely hidden by forewing; Preserved length about 27.8 mm. Area between ScA and ScP very narrow,
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