The Cyanogenic Polymorphism in Trifolium Repens L
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Bioprospecting for Hydroxynitrile Lyases by Blue Native PAGE Coupled HCN Detection
Send Orders for Reprints to [email protected] Current Biotechnology, 2015, 4, 111-117 111 Bioprospecting for Hydroxynitrile Lyases by Blue Native PAGE Coupled HCN Detection Elisa Lanfranchi1, Eva-Maria Köhler1, Barbara Darnhofer1,2,3, Kerstin Steiner1, Ruth Birner-Gruenberger1,2,3, Anton Glieder1,4 and Margit Winkler*,1 1ACIB GmbH, Graz, Austria; 2Institute for Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; 3Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed, Graz, Austria; 4Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria Abstract: Hydroxynitrile lyase enzymes (HNLs) catalyze the stereoselective addition of HCN to carbonyl compounds to give valuable chiral hydroxynitriles. The discovery of new sources of HNL activity has been reported several times as the result of extensive screening of diverse plants for cyanogenic activity. Herein we report a two step-method that allows estimation of not only the native size of the active HNL enzyme but also its substrate specificity. Specifically, crude protein extracts from plant tissue are first subjected to blue native-PAGE. The resulting gel is then directly used for an activity assay in which the formation of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) is detected upon the cyanogenesis reaction of any cyanohydrin catalyzed by the enzyme of interest. The same gel may be used with different substrates, thus exploring the enzyme’s substrate scope already on the screening level. In combination with mass spectrometry, sequence information can be retrieved, which is demonstrated -
Chronic Cassava Toxicity
4/63 7L ARCHIV NESTEL C-010e 26528 II Chronic Cassava Toxicity Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop London, England, 29-30 January 1973 Editors: Barry Nestel and Reginald Maclntyre INTERNATIONAL CENTRE DE RECHERCHES DEVELOPMENT POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT RESEARCH CENTRE INTERNATIONAL Oawa, Canada 1973 IDRC-OlOe CHRONIC CASSAVA TOXICITY Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop London, England, 29-30 January 1973 Editors: BARRY NESTEL AND REGINALD MACINTYRE 008817 UDC: 615.9:547.49 633.68 © 1973 International Development Research Centre Head Office: Box 8500, Ottawa, Canada. K1G 3H9 Microfiche Edition S 1 Contents Foreword Barry Nestel 5-7 Workshop Participants 8-10 Current utilization and future potential for cassava Barry Nestel 11-26 Cassava as food: toxicity and technology D. G. Coursey 27-36 Cyanide toxicity in relation to the cassava research program of CIAT in Colombia James H. Cock 37-40 Cyanide toxicity and cassava research at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria Sidki Sadik and Sang Ki Hahn 41-42 The cyanogenic character of cassava (Manihor esculenta) G. H. de Bruijn 43-48 The genetics of cyanogenesis Monica A. Hughes 49-54 Cyanogenic glycosides: their occurrence, biosynthesis, and function Eric E. Conn 55-63 Physiological and genetic aspects of cyanogenesis in cassava and other plants G. W. Butler, P. F. Reay, and B. A. Tapper 65-71 Biosynthesis of cyanogenic glucosides in cassava (Manihot spp.) Frederick Nartey 73-87 Assay methods for hydrocyanic acid in plant tissues and their application in studies of cyanogenic glycosides in Manihot esculenta A. Zitnak 89-96 The mode of cyanide detoxication 0. -
Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases List of Chemicals for Tuberculosis
Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases List of Chemicals for Tuberculosis Chemical Activity Count (+)-3-HYDROXY-9-METHOXYPTEROCARPAN 1 (+)-8HYDROXYCALAMENENE 1 (+)-ALLOMATRINE 1 (+)-ALPHA-VINIFERIN 3 (+)-AROMOLINE 1 (+)-CASSYTHICINE 1 (+)-CATECHIN 10 (+)-CATECHIN-7-O-GALLATE 1 (+)-CATECHOL 1 (+)-CEPHARANTHINE 1 (+)-CYANIDANOL-3 1 (+)-EPIPINORESINOL 1 (+)-EUDESMA-4(14),7(11)-DIENE-3-ONE 1 (+)-GALBACIN 2 (+)-GALLOCATECHIN 3 (+)-HERNANDEZINE 1 (+)-ISOCORYDINE 2 (+)-PSEUDOEPHEDRINE 1 (+)-SYRINGARESINOL 1 (+)-SYRINGARESINOL-DI-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE 2 (+)-T-CADINOL 1 (+)-VESTITONE 1 (-)-16,17-DIHYDROXY-16BETA-KAURAN-19-OIC 1 (-)-3-HYDROXY-9-METHOXYPTEROCARPAN 1 (-)-ACANTHOCARPAN 1 (-)-ALPHA-BISABOLOL 2 (-)-ALPHA-HYDRASTINE 1 Chemical Activity Count (-)-APIOCARPIN 1 (-)-ARGEMONINE 1 (-)-BETONICINE 1 (-)-BISPARTHENOLIDINE 1 (-)-BORNYL-CAFFEATE 2 (-)-BORNYL-FERULATE 2 (-)-BORNYL-P-COUMARATE 2 (-)-CANESCACARPIN 1 (-)-CENTROLOBINE 1 (-)-CLANDESTACARPIN 1 (-)-CRISTACARPIN 1 (-)-DEMETHYLMEDICARPIN 1 (-)-DICENTRINE 1 (-)-DOLICHIN-A 1 (-)-DOLICHIN-B 1 (-)-EPIAFZELECHIN 2 (-)-EPICATECHIN 6 (-)-EPICATECHIN-3-O-GALLATE 2 (-)-EPICATECHIN-GALLATE 1 (-)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN 4 (-)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-O-GALLATE 1 (-)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN-GALLATE 9 (-)-EUDESMIN 1 (-)-GLYCEOCARPIN 1 (-)-GLYCEOFURAN 1 (-)-GLYCEOLLIN-I 1 (-)-GLYCEOLLIN-II 1 2 Chemical Activity Count (-)-GLYCEOLLIN-III 1 (-)-GLYCEOLLIN-IV 1 (-)-GLYCINOL 1 (-)-HYDROXYJASMONIC-ACID 1 (-)-ISOSATIVAN 1 (-)-JASMONIC-ACID 1 (-)-KAUR-16-EN-19-OIC-ACID 1 (-)-MEDICARPIN 1 (-)-VESTITOL 1 (-)-VESTITONE 1 -
Compendium of Botanicals Reported to Contain Naturally Occuring Substances of Possible Concern for Human Health When Used in Food and Food Supplements
View metadata,Downloaded citation and from similar orbit.dtu.dk papers on:at core.ac.uk Dec 20, 2017 brought to you by CORE provided by Online Research Database In Technology Compendium of botanicals reported to contain naturally occuring substances of possible concern for human health when used in food and food supplements EFSA authors; Pilegaard, Kirsten Link to article, DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2663 Publication date: 2012 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): EFSA authors (2012). Compendium of botanicals reported to contain naturally occuring substances of possible concern for human health when used in food and food supplements. Parma, Italy: Europen Food Safety Authority. (The EFSA Journal; No. 2663, Vol. 10(5)). DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2663 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. EFSA Journal 2012;10(5):2663 SCIENTIFIC REPORT OF EFSA Compendium of botanicals reported to contain naturally occuring substances of possible concern for human health when used in food and food supplements1 European Food Safety Authority2, 3 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy ABSTRACT In April 2009, EFSA published on its website a Compendium of botanicals reported to contain toxic, addictive, psychotropic or other substances of concern. -
The Role of Phytotoxic and Antimicrobial Compounds of Euphorbia Gummifera in the Cause and Maintenance of the Fairy Circles of Namibia
The role of phytotoxic and antimicrobial compounds of Euphorbia gummifera in the cause and maintenance of the fairy circles of Namibia by Nicole Galt Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Magister Scientiae Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria Supervisor: Prof. J.J.M. Meyer March 2018 i The role of phytotoxic and antimicrobial compounds of Euphorbia gummifera in the cause and maintenance of the fairy circles of Namibia by Nicole Galt Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria Supervisor: Prof. J.J.M. Meyer Degree: MSc Medicinal Plant Science Abstract Fairy circles (FC) are unexplained botanical phenomena of the pro-Namib desert and parts of the West Coast of South Africa. They are defined as circular to oval shaped anomalies of varying sizes that are left bereft of vegetation. Even though there are several distinctly different hypotheses that have aimed to explain the origin of fairy circles, none have done so to satisfaction of the scientific community. The aim of this study was to determine if phytotoxic and antibacterial properties of a co-occurring Euphorbia species, E. gummifera plays a role in the creation of fairy circles. Representative soil samples (from inside-, outside fairy circles and underneath dead E. gummifera plants) and plant samples (aerial ii parts of E. gummifera and intact grasses, Stipagrostis uniplumis) were collected from the area. The collected samples were used for a several biological assays. A soil bed bio-assay was done using the three collected soil types. -
Rapid Detection Method to Quantify Linamarin Content in Cassava Dinara S
essing oc & pr B o io i t B e Gunasekera et al, J Bioprocess Biotech 2018, 8:6 f c h o n l Journal of Bioprocessing & DOI: 10.4172/2155-9821.1000342 i a q n u r e u s o J Biotechniques ISSN: 2155-9821 Research Article Open Access Rapid Detection Method to Quantify Linamarin Content in Cassava Dinara S. Gunasekera*, Binu P. Senanayake, Ranga K. Dissanayake, M.A.M. Azrin, Dhanushi T. Welideniya, Anjana Delpe Acharige, K.A.U. Samanthi, W.M.U.K. Wanninayake, Madhavi de Silva, Achini Eliyapura, Veranja Karunaratne and G.A.J Amaratunga. Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology, Homagama, Sri Lanka *Corresponding author: Dinara S Gunasekera, Senior Research Scientist, Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology, Homagama, Sri Lanka, Tel: +94775448584; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: November 21, 2018; Accepted date: December 12, 2018; Published date: December 20, 2018 Copyright: © 2018 Gunasekera DS et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract There are a number of natural remedies against cancer. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has been proven to be a natural remedy against cancer due to the cyanogenic compounds it contains such as linamarin. A rapid and simple liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) method was developed to identify and quantify linamarin in Cassava. The method was developed using various Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) extracts. Developed application is not limited to Cassava, but can be extended to other types of linamarin containing plant materials as well. -
University of London Thesis
REFERENCE ONLY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON THESIS Degree Year^^0^ Name of Author C O P Y R IG H T This is a thesis accepted for a Higher Degree of the University of London. It is an unpublished typescript and the copyright is held by the author. All persons consulting the thesis must read and abide by the Copyright Declaration below. COPYRIGHT DECLARATION I recognise that the copyright of the above-described thesis rests with the author and that no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. LOANS Theses may not be lent to individuals, but the Senate House Library may lend a copy to approved libraries within the United Kingdom, for consultation solely on the premises of those libraries. Application should be made to: Inter-Library Loans, Senate House Library, Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU. REPRODUCTION University of London theses may not be reproduced without explicit written permission from the Senate House Library. Enquiries should be addressed to the Theses Section of the Library. Regulations concerning reproduction vary according to the date of acceptance of the thesis and are listed below as guidelines. A. Before 1962. Permission granted only upon the prior written consent of the author. (The Senate House Library will provide addresses where possible). B. 1962- 1974. In many cases the author has agreed to permit copying upon completion of a Copyright Declaration. C. 1975 - 1988. Most theses may be copied upon completion of a Copyright Declaration. D. 1989 onwards. Most theses may be copied. -
The Response of Cyanogenic and Acyanogenic Phenotypes of Trifolium Repens to Soil Moisture Supply W
THE RESPONSE OF CYANOGENIC AND ACYANOGENIC PHENOTYPES OF TRIFOLIUM REPENS TO SOIL MOISTURE SUPPLY W. FOULDS Science Department, Dudley CollegeofEducation and J. P. GRIME DepartmentofBotany, University of Sheffield Received14.vi.71 I. INTRODUCTION THE legumes Trjfolium repens L. and LotuscorniculatusL. are represented in many parts of the world by populations in which some or all of the plants are capable of releasing hydrocyanic acid under certain conditions. For both species, there is evidence (Barber, 1955; Jones, 1962) that cyanogenic individuals are less susceptible to grazing by small herbivores. Cyanogenesis is determined by two independent genes designated Ac and Li (Corkill, 1942; Atwood and Sullivan, 1943). The gene Ac is dominant and is responsible for the production of two cyanogenic glucosides, lotaus- tralin and linamarin, which occur in the proportion 4 : 1 (Melville and Doak, 1940). Modifying genes determine the quantity of glucoside produced (Corkill, 1940). The cyanogenic glucosides can be hydrolysed by the - glucosidase,linamarase (Coop, 1940) the production of which is governed by the dominant gene Li. Hydrolysis yields acetone (from linamarin), methyl-ethyl-ketone (from lotaustralin), glucose, hydrogen cyanide and water. Hughes (1968) maintains that two -glucosidases occur in Trjfolium repens, one, linamarase of high activity, the other of low activity. Corkill (1940) showed that individual plants may contain both enzyme and glucoside (AcLi), enzyme only (acLi), glucoside only (Acli) or neither (acli). Daday (1954a, b, 1958) measured the contribution of each of the four phenotypes to populations of Trfo1ium repens sampled on a world scale and found that high frequencies of both Ac and Li genes were associated with warm winter conditions. -
PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES on the CYANOGENIC GLUCOSIDES in LOTUS ARABICUS L. Very Little Work Relating to the Physiological Studies O
PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE CYANOGENIC GLUCOSIDES IN LOTUS ARABICUS L. YASH PAL ABROL Division of I!lant Physiology and Phytotron, Indian A,£;ricultural Research Institute, Delhi-12 SuMMARY Observations on the occurrence of cyanogenic glucosides, linamarin and lotaustralin, in Lotus arabicus L., are reported. During the vegetative stage, a major portion of the cyanogens is localised in the leaves. With the onset of flowering, cyanogen content on per plant basis shows a sharp decrease but flower buds and flowers have a high content. Experiments on feeding carbon-14 labelled L-valine and L-isoleucine to flower buds reveals that the compounds are synthesised in these parts. lYiature seeds do not contain any detectable amounts of the cyanogens. I:-!TRODUCTION Very little work relating to the physiological studies on cyanogenic glucosides in higher plants has been reported. This is very likely due to the predominant view held until recently that a very small number of plants are cyanophoric and that cyano genic glucosides are inert end products of metabolism (Robinson, 1930). Work of physiological nature is however of interest in view of the recent observations that cyanogenic glucosidcs arc widely distributed (Dilleman, 1958; Hegnaucr, 1964), HCN is metabolised by seedlings of cyanophoric as well as non-cyano phoric plants (Blumenthal-Goldschmidt, Butler and Conn, 1963 Tschiersch, 1964; Nigam and Ressler, 1964), cyanogenic gluco sides are metabolically active rather than inert end products (Abrol, Uribe and Conn, 1965; Abrol and Conn, 1966; Abrol, Conn and Stoker, 1966) and are very likely involved in the synthesis of various neurotoxic and neurolathvritic amino acids (Ressler, 1962 ; Tschiersch, 1964). -
Isolation of Pure Cassava Linamarin As an Anti Cancer Agent
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Wits Institutional Repository on DSPACE ISOLATION OF PURE CASSAVA LINAMARIN AS AN ANTI CANCER AGENT CHRISTOPHER AVWOGHOKOGHENE, IDIBIE A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in Fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Master of Science in Engineering. Johannesburg, 2006. DECLARATION I declare that this dissertation is my own, unaided work. It is being submitted for the degree of Master of Science in the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. It has not been submitted before for any degree or examination in any other University. (Signature of candidature) Day of ii ABSTRACT Cassava is a known source of linamarin, but difficulties associated with its isolation have prevented it from being exploited as a source. A batch adsorption process using activated carbon at the appropriate contact time proved successful in its isolation with ultrafiltration playing a pivotal role in the purification process. Result revealed that optimum purification was obtained with increasing amount of crude cassava extract (CCE) purified. 60g of CCE took 32 mins, 80 g, 34 mins while 100 g took 36 mins of contact time, where 1.7 g, 2.0 g and 2.5 g of purified product were obtained, respectively. The purification process in batch mode was also carried out at different temperatures ranging from 25 to 65oC. Results showed that purification increases with increase in temperature. In a bid to ascertain the moles of linamarin adsorbed per pore volume of activated carbon used, the composite isotherm was found to represent the measured adsorption data quite well. -
Combinatorial Biochemistry of Triterpene Saponins in Plants Jacob Pollier
Combinatorial Biochemistry of Triterpene Saponins in Plants Jacob Pollier Ghent University - Faculty of Sciences Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics VIB - Department of Plant Systems Biology Combinatorial Biochemistry of Triterpene Saponins in Plants Jacob Pollier Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor (PhD) in Sciences: Biotechnology Academic year: 2010-2011 Promotor: Prof. Dr. Alain Goossens Dit onderzoek werd uitgevoerd in het departement Planten Systeembiologie van het Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) en de Universiteit Gent. This work was conducted in the department of Plant Systems Biology of the Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB) and the Ghent University. Dit onderzoek werd gefinancierd door het agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie in Vlaanderen (IWT-Vlaanderen, Strategisch Basisonderzoek project SBO040093). This work was supported by the Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT-Vlaanderen, Strategisch Basisonderzoek project SBO040093). ii Board of Examiners Promotor Prof. Dr. Alain Goossens* VIB Department of Plant Systems Biology Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Faculty of Sciences Ghent University Examination Committee Prof. Dr. Ann Depicker (Chair) VIB Department of Plant Systems Biology Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Faculty of Sciences Ghent University Prof. Dr. Danny Geelen* Department of Plant Production Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Prof. Dr. Jan Van Bocxlaer* Department of Bio-analysis Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ghent University Prof. Dr. Luc Pieters* Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences University of Antwerp Dr. Kris Morreel* VIB Department of Plant Systems Biology Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Faculty of Sciences Ghent University iii Prof. -
CYP79A118 Is Associated with the Formation of Taxiphyllin in Taxus Baccata
Plant Mol Biol (2017) 95:169–180 DOI 10.1007/s11103-017-0646-0 CYP79 P450 monooxygenases in gymnosperms: CYP79A118 is associated with the formation of taxiphyllin in Taxus baccata Katrin Luck1 · Qidong Jia2 · Meret Huber1 · Vinzenz Handrick1,3 · Gane Ka‑Shu Wong4,5,6 · David R. Nelson7 · Feng Chen2,8 · Jonathan Gershenzon1 · Tobias G. Köllner1 Received: 1 March 2017 / Accepted: 2 August 2017 / Published online: 9 August 2017 © The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract plant divisions containing cyanogenic glycoside-producing Key message Conifers contain P450 enzymes from the plants has not been reported so far. We screened the tran- CYP79 family that are involved in cyanogenic glycoside scriptomes of 72 conifer species to identify putative CYP79 biosynthesis. genes in this plant division. From the seven resulting full- Abstract Cyanogenic glycosides are secondary plant com- length genes, CYP79A118 from European yew (Taxus bac- pounds that are widespread in the plant kingdom. Their bio- cata) was chosen for further characterization. Recombinant synthesis starts with the conversion of aromatic or aliphatic CYP79A118 produced in yeast was able to convert L-tyros- amino acids into their respective aldoximes, catalysed by ine, L-tryptophan, and L-phenylalanine into p-hydroxyphe- N-hydroxylating cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP) nylacetaldoxime, indole-3-acetaldoxime, and phenylacetal- of the CYP79 family. While CYP79s are well known in doxime, respectively. However, the kinetic parameters of the angiosperms, their occurrence in gymnosperms and other enzyme and transient expression of CYP79A118 in Nico- tiana benthamiana indicate that L-tyrosine is the preferred Accession numbers Sequence data for genes in this article substrate in vivo.