HËSTKICTKD GENERAL AGREEMENT ON COM.II/4O(I) 17 November 1960 TARIFFS AND TRADE Limited Distribution

Committee II «-. Expansion of Trade Original: French

TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

TUNISIA

Summary of Non-Tariff Measures Applied for the Protection of Agriculture or in Support of Incomes of Agricultural Producers, and Commodity Information, Submitted by the Government of

I0 NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL POLICY

A„ General Objectives

Agriculture holds a foremost position in the Tunisian economy, representing approximately 30 per cent of the gross national product. The agricultural population is estimated at about two-thirds of the total population.

These two percentages emphasize the degree of undeivemployment and the low productivity prevailing in the agricultural sector.

Despite the fact that it is under-developed, agriculture effects the entire Tunisian economy. If crops are plentiful; all other sectors, and in particular the industrial sector, are favourably affected.

Talcing all these factors into account, the Tunisian Government has drawn up a ten-year plan of agricultural development, with the following objectives:

(l) rehabilitation of unproductive land improvement of output diversification of crops development of processing industries promotion of exports, quantity-^ and quality-wise full employment of the agricultural population

Based on present outlook, this plan is expeoted to yield an annual increase of 45 million dinars in the national income and of 300,000 in labour employed.

Some of the results already achieved may be briefly mentioned:

« in 1960 the Government contributed to the planting of 1 million fruit trees and 1 million olive trees I C0M.Il/40(i) Page 2

- the production of vegetable canneries has more than doubled in the last few years, increasing from 2,100 tons in 1956 to 3,100 tons in 1957, 5,100 tons in 1958 and 5,400 tons in 1959;

- in the tomato canning industry, production increased from 700 tons in 1956 to 1,000 tons in 1957 and 3,100 tons in 1958 and in 1959.

B» Special Measures

The principal items of production in the sectors of agriculture and fishery are:

1 cereals (2) leguminous plants 3 vegetables fruit K olives and olive oil (5) -grapes and (6 7 citrus fruits 8 alfa dates (9 tobacco 10 livestock 11 products of the fishing trade 12 processing of agricultural products 13) (l) Cereals

Cereal cultivation covers an area of over 2 million hectares, which represents about 54 per cent of total arable land.

Production statistics for the last ten years are shown below:

Year Hard wheat Soft wheat Barley in 1,000 tons in 1,000 tons in 1,000 tons

1950--51 280,0 180,0 200.0 1951-52 200.0 120.0 50.0 1952-53 467.2 420.0 340.0 1953-54 380,0 200.0 180.0 1954-55 435.0 189.3 170.0 1955-56 221 P 3 104,0 80.5 1956-57 332.0 145.2 156.0 1957-58 365,8 132.2 185.2 1958-59 414,3 124.3 281.7 1959-60 411.4 105.4 226.2 COM. 11/40 (i) Page 3

Cereals are an Important item of Tunisia's foreign trade. Statistics of cereal imports and exports for the last ten years are shown hereunder:

Year Exports .airports Export surplus In million dinars in million dinars in million dinars

1950 8c5 8.-5 1951 3c0 0 = 6 2.4 1952 6c5 1.9 4„6 1953 11.6 0*4 11 2 1954 8,5 8*5 1955 4*7 1,6 3.1 1956 0«6 5U7 5;,1 1957 309 3o4 0o5 1958 6o3 0,9 5,4 1959 6.4 2,1 403

These figures illustrate the wide variations in output from year to year,due mainly to changing climatic conditions. In this respect, Tunisia has gone through some disastrous years (1956 for instance); for this reason and because of the fact that cereal consumption is inelastic, the Government was often compelled to import during years of poor crops. It should also be noted that the import figures shown in the above table for 1956 to 1959 inolude certain quantities of cereals imported from the United States under the IC„. plan,

Cereal production in Tunisia is confronted with a number of problems, chief among them being undoubtedly its low y&sld-, In the case of hard wheat, for instance; the yield amounts to hardly 4 to 5 quintals per hectare, while in some countries yields of X quintals per hectare are easily reached or even exceeded. The best yields in Tunisia are obtained in the northern area, where they vary between 6 and 12 quintals for soft wheat and between 6 and 8 quintals for hard wheat? as against onlj'' 3 to 6 quintals for soft wheat and 0.5 to 3 quintals for hard wheat in the southern region. On the basis of such low yields, it is questionable whether some parts of Tunisia are really suitable for wheat cultivation.

Under the trade and tariff Convention entered into between the Tunisian Republic and the French Republic on 5 September 1959, as amended by the additional Protocol of 22 Peptember 1960, exportable surpluses of Tunisian hard wheat, which vary between 1,300,000 and 1,500^000 quintals, are absorbed by , where they are imported under temporary duty exemption and purchased on the basis of the French production price. This fact partly accounts for the preferences granted by Tunisia to certain French imports» C0M.Il/4O(i) Page 4 •

(2) Leguminous crops

The principal leguminous crops are:

- green peas and chick peas, the production of which amounted to 2,800 tons in 1957, 1,800 tons in 1958 and 4,500 tons in 1959; - potatoes, with a fairly consistent yearly volume of 30,000 tons;

- kidney beans, the rate of production of which dropped from 15,000 tons in 1957 to 18-000 tons in 1958 and to 12,000 tons in 1959;

- lentils, the production of which fell from 1,200 tons in 1957 and 1958 to 700 tons in 1959»

(3) Vegetable crops

The main vegetable crops are:

- artichokes: 8,000 tons in 1957., 6,000 tons in 1958 and 7,000 tons in 1959, of which about 95 per cent exported to France;

- pimento.' 34,000 tons in 1957, 35,000 tons in J 958 and 34,000 tons in 1959; • - tomatoes: 35,000 tons in 1957, 55,000 tons in 1558 and 50,000 tons in 1959:.

- melons and water-melons: 60;000 tons in 1957, 65,000 tons in 1958 and 110,000 tons in 1959;

- other vegetable crops: 98,000 tons in 1957, 100,000 tons in 1958 and 135,000 tons in 1959.

(4) froit

Apart from citrus fruits, mentioned elsewhere, the production of other fruits (peaches, apricots, etc.) has increased from 75;700 tons in 195" to 82,900 tons in 1958 and 90,000 tons in 1959..

(5) Olives and olive oil

This item ranks first among Tunisia;s agricultural products.

At the present time the total number of olive trees exceeds 26 million, of which 20 million are in production, with the following geographical distribution: C0M.II/40(i) Page 5

- North 6,694,000 trees or 25.7 per cent <* Sahel and centre 11,042,000 trees or 42,4 per cent - South and far south 8,310,000 trees or 31,9 per cent

26,046,000 trees « 100 per cent

The rate of new plantations has averaged close to 500,000 trees yearly over the last ten years,

Tunisia ranks fourth among olive-producing countries, with an average yearly output of close to 60,000 tons of oil, or 3 kg. per tree.

During good years, with favourable conditions prevailing, olive oil production may reach and even exceed 100,000 tons»

Concurrently with the increase in production, the olive oil industry underwent a steady expansion and constant improvements.

There are today in Tunisia close to 2,000 oil-works, a large number of which are equipp-^ according to the latest methods and with the most modern machinery.

Tunisia is one of the leading olive oil exporting countries in the world. Production and export statistics for the last few years are shown below:

Campaign Production in tons Exports in tons

1949-50 105,000 76,881 1950-51 40,000 14,269 1951-52 43,500 16,801 1952-53 35,000 8,000 1953-54 80,000 37,480 1954-55 51,000 14,898 1955-56 22,500 9,215 1956-57 90,000 29,420 1957-58 45,000 37,243

Tunisia's principal customs for olive oil are: France, the United States and Italy, COM.11/40(1) Page 6

(6) Vine-grapes and wines

Vineyards in Tunisia cover an area of 52,000 hectares, of which 42,000 are in production, which represents about 1.3 per cent of total arable land, and account for an average of 10 to 15 per cent of the country's agricultural production.

They are mainly located in the regions of Cap Bon (21,000 hectares) and of Tunis (18,000 hectares).

Ths yearly yield of Tunisia's vineyards averages over 2 million hectolitres of wine, this high volume being chiefly due to favourable natural and technical conditions (The average age of vine-stock is fifteen.years and Tunisia has very- suitable soil and climate conditions as well as sound cultivation methods).

Domestic consumption has been steadily declining: from 350,000 hectolitres in 1955, the average yearly consumption has dropped to 200,000 hectolitres in 1959 or to 10 per cent of yearly output, owing chiefly to a sharp decrease in the population of European origin.

As a result, exports provide the main outlet for Tunisian wines and account for a large percentage of the country's income from foreign trade.

Until now, Tunisia has exported comparatively small quantities of wine (a few thousand hectolitres) to , , Holland and Sweden, the bulk of the exportable surplus being absorbed by the Irench market. Imports of 750,000 hectolitres of Tunisian wine are allowed into France duty-free each year, and a further 500,000 hectolitres at a reduced duty rate of 5 per cent.

This arrangement was entered into under the JTranco-Tunisian trade and tariff Convention of 5 September 1959, as amended by protocol of 22 September 1960, which in return grants preferences to imports of certain Irench products into Tunisia.

(7) Citrus fruits

Citrus fruit cultivation covers an area of approximately 6,500 hectares, oomprising about 2 million trees.

As evidenced by the following statistics, there is a distinct upward trend both in production and exports of this commodity: CCM.il/40ti) Page 7

Year Production Exports Local consumption (in 1000 tons) (in 1000 tons) (in 1000 tons)

1950 32,4 14.4 18.0 1951 35.0 12.9 22.1 1952 32,5 12,9 29.6 1953 55.0 10.0 45.0 1954 43.3 30.5 12.8 1955 68.3 19.3 49.0 1956 66.0 36 „3 29,7 1957 70.0 36.5 33.5 1958 73.0 39.0 34.0 1959 86*5 40.5 46.0

At the present time, the French market is the largest outlet for Tunisian citrus fruits, sccounting for 97 per cent of total foreign sales volume; the balance is shared between the Federal Republic of with 2 per cent and other European countries such as Sweden, Belgium and Poland.

While Tunisian citrus fruits are recognized as being of high grsde quality, the expansion of exports is still being hampered by a number of handicaps, such as:

- the demand from oiiuropecji traders is for too lar0e a volume during a rather limited period. Present Tunisian production is not sufficient to meet this concentrated demand;

- production costs are high and the present yield of crops too low;

- conditioning costs are excessive (18 millimes per kilo).

Moreover, the European Common Market is lively to prove a further handicap for the Tunisian citrus fruits outlets, which will be adversely affected by the lower landed cost of Italian and Algerian imports.

Efforts are being made to secure additional outlets in other markets, such as the Eastern European countries.

A determined campaign is also under wr.y to improve the conditioning of citrus fruit and its processing into fruit juice, jam, etc. CCM.II/40(i) Page 8

(8) Alfa

Alfa or esparto grass is a hardy variety of graminacea spontaneously growing over vast, carpet-like expanses and covering a total area of about 1,500,000 hectares of the prairieland of Central and Southern Tunisia.

Young plants are rarely encountered in the Tunisian alfa fields. Because of this lack of self-regenereting ability, the government has long since found it necessary to take protective measures to avoid a complete degeneration of alfa crops.

Chief among such measures are prohibition to pick alfa-leaves (often incorrectly referred to as alfa-stems) during the active vegetation period (March to July) and obligation to lay fallow alfa-fields showing signs of exhaustion.

There are three varieties of alfa:

- a first variety is used for the manufacture of ropes, binding twine, braids, sacking and matting,

- a second variety called "paper alfa" is used for the manufacture of paper,

- a third variety known as "sparteric alfa" is used for the making of bags for oil presses and of braids for matting and carpeting.

The "sparteric" variety is chiefly sold in the shape of twine to tunny fishermen in Libya and Italy for the making of nets, or exported to France for the manufacture of mats end carpets.

The paper-making variety, which enjoys the highest trade volume, is exported primarily to Great Britain and France.

Total export volume is estimated at 70,000 tons yearly.

(9) Paxes

Dates represent a substantial source of income in the Tunisian agricul­ tural sector, and particularly for the population of the Djerid district (in the south-western part of the country) where they constitute the main means of livelihood.

Date production, while varying widely from year to year, appears to be on the rise lately, as evidenced by the following figures: C0M.Il/40(i) Page 9

Year Production Exports (in 1000 tons) (in 1000 tons)

1950 32.5 4.3 1951 23.0 2.4 1952 34.0 3.7 1953 28.0 2.6 1954 39.0 2.6 1955 33.0 2.9 1956 38.0 3.4 1957 28.0 2.1 1958 46.0 3,5 1959 85.0 3.4

France and Italy are the msin export outlets, absorbing overall about 95 per cent of total foreign sales.

The Tunisian authorities are making earnest endeavours to improve the picking and the conditioning of the country's date crops.

(10) Tobacco

Tobacco is another important segment of Tunisia's agriculture, since it accounts for sales proceeds of over 9 million dinars, of which about 6 millions represent taxes.

Statistical information on domestic production, imports and exports of raw tobacco is as follows:

1956 1957 1958 1959

Domestic production 1,103 M.T. 1,559 M.T. 1,570 M.T. 2,263 M.T. Imports 2,499 M.T. 1,632 M.T. 3,732 M.T. 2,722 M.T. Exports 555 M.T. 375 M.T. 308 M.T. 115 M.T. CCM. Il/40(i) Page 10

(11) Animal production

In 1958, the total number of livestock in Tunisia was as follows:

Species Number

Horses, asses, mules and ninnies 313,600 Bovine species 562,700 Sheep 3,410,000 Goats 1,447,500 Swine 7,300 Camels 211,600

A main feature of the animal production in Tunisia is the fact that it is entirely dependent on natural vegetation and is, therefore, very easily affected by climatic fluctuations.

Actually, the area of cultivated land for cattle raising punposes is practically negligible: it amounts to only 35,000 hectares in the entire country, as against more than 9 million hectares of natural vegetation used for the same purpose.

With a view to increasing the number and improving the quality of live­ stock, efforts are being made at present to develop the cultivation of fodder and other products for cattle feeding, by resorting to crop rotation which will also contribute to a much-needed soil regeneration.

(12) Products of the fishing trade

The fishing trade ranks third as a source of income in Tunisia, after farming and wine production.

Notwithstanding favourable conditions, however, (the Tunisian coast-line extends over approximately 1400 kilometres) the volume of fishery production remains within modest limits. CCM.Il/40(i) Page 11

Pishing trade production (In metric tons)

Year Fish Crustaceans Spongea

1952 13,003 M.T. 35 M.T. 97 M.T. 1953 11,365 M.T. 32 M.T. 131 M.T. 1954 13,348 M.T. 33 M.T. 180 M.T. 1955 10,553 M.T. 42 M.T. 158 M.T. 1956 11,607 M.T. 35 M.T. 313 M.T. 1957 13,789 M.T. 53 M.T. 154 M.T. 1958 14,397 M.T. 34 M.T. 160 M.T. 1959 14,682 M.T, 14 M.T. 127 M.T.

Fishing trade production (In 1000 dinars)

Year Fish Crustaceans Sponges Total

1952 1,039 15 143 1,197 1953 1,071 13 148 1,232 1954 1,162 16 202 1,380 1955 1,240 20 214 1,474 1956 1,444 18 382 1,844 1957 1,614 31 312 1,957 1958 1,745 18 263 2,026 1959 1,722 2 189 1,913

It will be noted that, lately, total production has been declining which is due to the obsolescence of the fishing fleet (30 per cent of the units being over fiftocn ycfcirs old) end to a skortaç© ©f technical naspower.

As a result, exports are becoming increasingly difficult. CCwIl/40(i) Page 12

The following table sums up Tunisia's exports of fish, fresh, salted, dried and smoked - and of crustaceans and rîolluscs:

Year Volume (in metric tons) Value (in 1000 dinars)

1953 892 234 1954 962 227 1955 1.404 279 1956 1.215 278 1957 1.204 348 1958 1.142 409 1959 791 290

Tunisia's principal customers in this sector are France, Algeria, Holland and Greece.

(13) Processing of agricultural products

The main products of this processing industry are made up of prepared and preserved vegetables, fruit and fish.

Production of some food processing industries (in metric tons)

Industry 1956 1957 1958 1959

Preserved vegetables: - tomatoes 708 1,033 3,123 3,108 - pimento, spicy 930 1.207 1.643 1,973 - other vegetables 465 844 321 271 TOTAL. 2,103 3,084 5,087 5,352

Semi-preserves: 810 1,123 1,505 1,509

Fruit preserves: - jams 2,715 1,564 2,497 2,650 - fruits 1,182 1,108 1,292 1,398 - fruit pulps 1,016 880 1,906 2,011 - fruit juices 219 153 129 48 TOTAL... 5,132 3,705 5,824 6,107

Preserved fish and crustaceans 4,652 4,341 5,060 4,200 CCM.Il/40(i) Page 13

Within five years, exports of fruit and vegetable preserves have increased six-fold, exceeding 9,300 tons in 1959. This industry would seem, therefore, ideally suited to the country.

Insofar as prepared and preserved fish are concerned, a great deal remains to be done to make full use of the existing production facilities, which at present are utilized to barely 50 per cent of capacity. C0M.Il/40(i) Page 14

II. SUBSIDIES (INCLUDING ALL FORIJS OF INCOME " AÏD PRICE "SUPPORT)

Production and exports of a number of agricultural commodities are being directly or indirectly supported by the Tunisian Government for economic and social reasons.

(a) Cereals

Guaranteed prices for cereals are determined annually under a decision issued by the State Secretary for Agriculture and the State Secretary for Finance and Trade.

There is also in operation a support fund for the cereal export market, financed by fees levied from the producers. Subsidies granted by this Fund in 1959 were at the rate of 170 millimes per quintal (l dinar = 1000 miHimes) on all cereals except barley, on which the subsidies were at the rate of 500 to 600 millimes per quintal. The amount of the subsidies varies according to the volume of exportable surpluses and to the existing world market prices.

(b) Olive Oil

A so-called regulating or stabilization stock of olive oil was set up under a ecision implemented on 20 November 1956 in application of a Decree of 26 November 1953, with a view to supporting prices to producers. The ad­ ministration of this stock was entrusted to a state-controlled provident organization, the "Sociétés Tunisiennes de Prévoyance".

This organization, acting on behalf of the stabilization stock, operates purchases in the Tunisian market when olive oil prices reach a pre­ determined "floor" level.

During the 1956 and 1957 campaigns, the floor price stood at 240 millimes for "extra" grade and 220 millimes for 30 "lamp" grade. Starting with the 1958 campaign, floor prices have amounted to 180 millimes for "extra" grade oil and 170 millimes for grades No~«2 ar^ 3 suitable for bottling purposes.

Purchase offers made by the stabilization stock during the 1957 campaign were limited to 20,000 tons; since then, they have been unrestricted.

A further support measure has been authorized in the case of exports of olive oil put up in small containers, in the amount of:

- 9 millimes per tin to - 13 millimes per tin as the case may be. C0M.Il/40(i) Page 15

In the case of exports of olive oil put up in containers other than small tins, they are under the benefit of a partial refund of the "professional" tax implemented by the Decree of 26 November 1953. The refund, amounting to three millimes per kilo, is applicable to the grades "super extra", "extra" and "fine" in the case of shipments to countries importing for direct consumption, and exceptionally to the "maximum 5 lamp" grade in the case of exports intended for countries of Central and South America.

Furthermore, the same refund of 3 millimes is also granted on exports of olive oil intended for canneries in the French franc area.

(c) Citrus fruits

A premium on exports of oranges of the variety known as "Maltese" consigned to a number of consumer countries is being paid by the "Citrus Fruit Trade Fund", established under decree of 31 January 1958. This premium, the rate of which is fixed at the beginning of each campaign, amounted last year to 25 millimes per kilo.

The trade fund is financed by means of a tax levied on sales of citrus fruits to protected countries of the French franc area.

(d) Alfa

A guaranteed price payable at the "grubbing" level was implemented by a law dated 2 December 1957. For the campaign 1959/1960, it was set at 5 millimes per kilo.

(e) Tomatoes

An "Equalization Fund of the Tomato Canning Trade" was set up under Decision of 2 February 1956 for the purpose of pxcEDting tomato production in Tunisia and of improving the processing and the marketing of this oommodity and its by-products.

The fund is financed by means of an equalization fee of 10 per cent on tomato preserves of all kinds produced in Tunisia or imported into the country from any source whatsoever.

This fee is levied, in the case of locally produced preserves, on the ex-faotory price including all fiscal charges, and in the case of imported preparations on the duty-paid value of the goods including oil fiscal charges.

Out of its available income, the fund pays a premium to producers, which this year amounts to 4 millimes per kilo.

Under Decree of 5 April 1956, the administration of the fund was entrusted to the "Union of Tunisian Trade Associations of Tomato Producers and Processors". COM.11/40(1) Page 16

III. STATE-TRADING

There are no State-trading operations other than for cereals, alfa and tobacco.

(a) Cereals

The marketing of cereals, as regards both domestic and foreign trade, is controlled by the "Office des Céréales", reporting to the State Secretariat for Agriculture. Private traders may be authorized by the "Office des Céréales" to conduct transactions in this commodity under its supervision.

(b) Alfa

Since the promulgation of the Law of 2 December 1957» trading in alfa has been delegated by the government to the "Tunisian National Railways Company".

Under an agreement entered into with the above Company, it is to receive a subsidy from the State budget whenever trading operations in alfa show a deficit. On the other hand, however, any profits derived by the National Railway Company from alfa sales revert to the State Treasury.

(e) Tobacco

Tobacco production in Tunisia as well as its merchandising, both domestic and foreign, have been a State monopoly since 1891.

The Monopoly Administration, which is answerable to the State Secretariat for Finance and Trade, is in charge of its operation.

At the production level, the Monopoly Administration grants licences to private producers authorizing them to grow tobacco and making it binding upon them to sell their entire crops to the monopoly.

All operations connected with the manufacture and conditioning of tobacco, as well as with imports and with domestic and foreign sales are likewise under the control of the Monopoly Administration.

The budget relating to monopolies is incorporated with the State budget.

IV. IMPORT RESTRICTIONS

Imports of a number of agricultural products have been liberalized while others are still subject to quantitative restrictions.

V. UNRESTRICTED IMPORTS

Imports of the following agricultural products are unrestrifted: C0M.Il/40(i) Page I?

Item No. of Product Tunisian Tariff

01-01 Live horses, asses, mules and ninnies

01-02 Live animals of the bovine species, including animals of the buffalo family

01-03 Live swine

Ex,06-01 Bulbs, onions, tubers, tuberous roots, crowns and rhizomes, dormant, in growth or in flower: - A, Dormant

Ex.07-01 Vegetables, fresh or chilled: - E. Seed potatoes

07-06 Manioc, arrowroDt, salep, Jerusalem artichokes, sweet potatoes and other similar roots and tubers with high starch or inulin content, fresh or dried, whole or sliced; sago pith.

11-08 Starches ; inulin.

12-04 Sugar beet, whole or sliced, fresh, dried or powdered; sugar cane.

12-06 Hop cones and lupulin.

12-07 Plants and parts (including seeds and fruit) of plants used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes, fresh or dried, whole, cut, crushed, ground or powdered.

Ex.15-01 Raw material for dyeing and tanning: - B. Other

14-02 Vegetable materials used primarily for stuffing and padding (kapok, vegetable hair, eel-grass, etc.) whether or not put up on a layer cr between tv.\) layers of other material,

:Ur-03 Vegetable materials used primarily in brushes or in bro~ms (fcr example sorgho, piassava,couch-grass and istle), whether or not in bundles rr hanks.

15-06 Other animal oils and fats.

15-H Glycerol and glycerol lyes. C0M.Il/40(i) Bage 18

15-17 Residues resulting from the treatment of fatty substances or animal or vegetable waxes.

18-01 Cocoa beans, whole or broken, raw or roasted

18-05 Cocoa powder, unsweetened

19-02 Preparations of flour, starch or malt extract of a kind used as infant food or for dietetic or culinary purposes, containing less than 50 per cent by weight of cocoa

Chapter 24 Tobacco

VI. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS SUBJECT TO OlaNTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS

Item No. of Product Tunisian Tariff

Ex. 01-01 Live horses, asses, mules and ninnies: Ex.B - Other: - Thoroughbred breeding horses

Ex.06-02 Other live plants and roots, including cuttings and slips and mushroom spawn (mycelium) : Ex.D - Other: - Vine slips, grafted or with roots

Ex.07-01 Vegetables, fresh or chilled: B - Tomatoes: Ex.0 - Other: - Pimento and sweet capsicum (capsicum grossum), whole, neither crushed nor powdered

Ex.07-04 Dried, dehydrated or evaporated vegetables, whole, cut, sliced, broken or in powder, but not further prepared: A - Pimento or sweet capsicum (capsicum grossum)

Ex.09-04 Pepper of the genus "piper"; pimento of the genus "capsicum" or the genus"pimenta": B - Spicy pimento, whole or ground C - Sweet pimento, ground

10-01 to 11-09 Cereals and products of the milling industry, excluding tapioca, starches and bran COM. 11/40(1) Page 19

Ex.15-07 Fixed vegetable oils, fluid or solid, crude, refined or purified, excluding the following 311b—headings : Ex.F - Castor oil, crude - Castor or pulza oil Ex.G - Other crude oils; - China wo. d oil, rung oil, cleococca oil, oitioica oil; myrtle-wax and Japan wax Ex„N - Other oils, refined or purified: - Myrtle-wax and Japan wax 15-12 Animal or vegetable fats and oils, hydro-genoted, whether or not refined, but net further prepared

15-13 Margarine, imitatJon lard and other prepared edible fats

Ex.17-01 Beet sugar and cane sugar, solid; C - Refined cane sugar and beet sugar, marketed in small cubes,, moulded, sawn or cut pieces

Ex.20-02 Vegetable^ prepared or preserved otherwise than by vinegar Ox acetic acid: B - Tomatc.-os and t:mato puree Ex„E - Olives and capers

Ex.22-03 Beer - in barrels (l)

Ex.22-05 Wine of fresh grapes ; grape must with fermentation arrested by the addition of alcohol (including mistelles); B - Wines (other than liqueur wines and the like and sparkling winef!^ obtained exclusively from the fermentation of fresh grapes or ';he juice of fresh grapes, in other containers

Ex.22-09 Spirits (Ethyl alcohol), u~denatured, of a strength less than SO ; spirits, liqueurs and other spiritcus beverages; compound alcoholic preparations (known as "concenbrav ed extracts1') for the manufacture of beverages Ex.C - Spirits, liqueurs and other spiritous beverages, compound alcoh; lie preparations (known as "concentrated extracts" for the manufacture of beverages - less than 15 in the case of alcoholic aperitifs ?r liqueur wines, vermouth and ~ ther aperitifs with a basis of vine or alcohol - less than 3° '- the case of all other spiritous beverages

Imports into Tunisia of products which are r.ot lis bed in either of the above tables are governed by the provisions contained in the relevant trade agreements and schedules.