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Josip Ćirić Defragmentacije Josip Ćirić defragmentacije Mala filozofija Zadar, 2017. iii Josip Ćirić defragmentacije Nakladnik Udruga za poticanje neformalnog obrazovanja, kritičkog mišljenja i filozofije u praksi »Mala filozofija«, Andrije Hebranga 10e, Zadar Za nakladnika dr. sc. Bruno Ćurko Lektura doc. dr. sc. Jasminka Brala Mudrovčić Recenzenti dr. sc. Dario Škarica, izv. prof. doc. dr. sc. Franjo Pehar Zadar, 2017. URL: peresonal.unizd.hr/~jciric/docs/ © Josip Ćirić, 2017. Sva prava pridržana. Niti jedan dio ove knjige ne može se komercijalno objaviti bez prethodne suglasnosti nakladnika ili vlasnika autorskih prava. Neprofitno umnažanje i distribucija dopušteni. ISBN 978-953-59784-0-4 (PDF) iv Josip Ćirić defragmentacije v Sadržaj Predgovor 11 Što to radiš, Buldožeru jedan? 17 Intelektualno-plesna glazba 17 Tko jede dinje? 20 Riječ na 'f' 22 Odmah kaži da! 24 Živi bili pa krepali 28 Literatura 30 Ekologija argumenata moralne panike usmjerene na video-igre 35 Nadam se da ste mi pogodili ime 36 Napucaj ga sad! 38 Bojite se! Jako se bojite! 39 Ekološki pristup 40 Ostadoh bez žvaka: analiziranje moralizatorskih argumenata 42 Zaključak 44 Literatura 45 Subherojski narativ i studije o invalidnosti 53 E, pa što? 55 Osobna perspektiva 55 Ne baš uobičajeni heroji 56 Studije o invalidnosti 59 Pristupi konceptu invalidnosti 59 vii Ilustracija: obrazovanje 63 Studije o invalidnosti i filozofija 64 Teze i struktura rada 65 Model subherojskog narativa 66 Cilj istraživanja i hipoteze 66 Metodologija istraživanja 67 Rezultati istraživanja 68 Zaključak 82 Prilog A: upitnici 83 Upitnik Q1 83 Upitnik Q2 86 Prilog B: tablice 87 Literatura 91 Mapiranje filozofije 99 (A) Metafilozofija 100 Odakle dolazimo? Kamo idemo? 102 Povijest(i) filozofije 106 (B) Analiza složenih mreža 109 Teorijski koncepti 113 Analiza složenih mreža u filozofiji 115 (C) Analiza složenih mreža u Routledge filozofskoj enciklopediji 120 Postupak analize 122 REP - organizacija i opis 123 Analiza poveznica 127 Vizualizacija konceptualnih i osobnih mreža 139 (D) Teorija kulturnog kapitala 147 viii Podrška iz analize REP 149 (E) Hej, pa ovdje nema nikoga?! 152 Frane Petrić 152 Ruđer Bošković 153 Herman Dalmatin 154 Marko Antun de Dominis 154 Nema veze, može i gore 154 (F) Plan budućeg istraživanja 157 (G) Zaključak 160 Prilog A: Grafovi koncepata i autora 161 Prilog B: Ilustracije analiza kompleksnih mreža u filozofiji 208 Literatura 213 Heretički pogovor 225 Literatura 228 ix PREDGOVOR Knjiga je, kako i naslov kaže, defragmentiranje – preventivno uređivanje tvrdog diska od razbacanih podataka, okrupnjavanje crtica i bilježaka za tekstove koje sam planirao napraviti 'kada uhvatim malo više vremena'. Tu mističnu temporalnu dimenziju, kako to obično biva, nisam dosegao dok rokovi za posao nisu počeli dahtati za vratom. Istina prije Platona, kako je to već red u struci. Knjiga je podijeljena u tri cjeline. Prvu čine dvije kratke studije o popularnoj kulturi – slovenskoj rock-skupini Buldožer i etičkoj važnosti neposluha, te video-igrama i moralnoj panici koja se u posljednje vrijeme sve češće vezuje uz njih. autor s najpopularnijim cigaretama iz 1975. god. Drugi dio sadrži prilog odnosa filozofije i studija o invalidnosti, te nudi prijedlog novog pristupa u konceptu- alizaciji onesposobljenosti kroz Autor s najpopularnijim kontinuum herojskog narativa, cigaretama iz 1975. god. koji uz filozofsku analizu nudi i potkrjepljenje iz empirijskog istraživanja. Tema invalidnosti nije samo profesionalni izbor, ona je moj životni narativ – uslijed komplikacija tijekom poroda, zaradio sam Erbovu parezu, dvadeset godina bolničkog staža i temu vrijednu profesionalne deformacije. Treći dio je analiza društvenih mreža u povijesti filozofije, kako ju je prvi prikazao sociolog Randall Collins, pri čemu je xi analiza proširena na Routledge Enciklopediju filozofije. Analizirana je empirijska potkrjepa shemi povijesti filozofije kao mreži 'malog svijeta' koristeći analizu enciklopedije kao kompleksne mreže poveznica između natuknica. Rezultati su očekivani – slijedeći isključivo sintaktička pravila možemo identificirati filozofske škole, vizualizirati tematske cjeline u korpusu znanja o filozofiji, te uočiti pravilnosti poput zakona potencije u broju poveznica, što ima neke zanimljive implikacije na način prezentacije sadržaja u edukaciji filozofije i pristup povijesti struke. Ako rezultati ovih istraživanja išta vrijede, očekujem uvrijeđene optužbe filozofskih purista o neprimjerenosti uporabe statistike, površnosti bibliometrijske analize, prevelikom oslanjanju na sociologiju, a nadasve premalo filozofije. Interdisciplinarnost je objedinjujuća tema i uvjerenja sam, ne prihvati li struka ruku koja joj se pruža iz drugih disciplina, budućnost joj je izvjesna i kratka. One će jednostavno preuzeti od filozofije što im je korisno, a povijest filozofije iznova će biti povijest odustajanja od primjenjivosti. Kao u nekoj od Grimmovih bajki, ponosni i plodni roditelj (mi se filozofi volimo hvaliti kako nam je struka kraljica znanosti) pretvorit će se u smežuranu ljušturu jala. Promjena je na izvjestan način i oblik umiranja, odbacivanja kože koju smo prerasli i anksioznost koja je prati posve je razumljiva. Što je onda filozofsko u knjizi? Filozofiju razumijem kao konceptualni inženjering i bilo kakva esencijalistička dimenzija mi je strana. Posao filozofa tada bi bio analizirati meta-razine izvjesnog područja. Ako govorimo o popularnoj kulturi, onda je ovdje riječ o predstavljanju značaja neposluha kao pozitivne dimenzije morala nasuprot tradicionalnog razmatranja poslušnosti kao upravo poželjnog svojstva. Buldožer je studija slučaja kako anarhoidna estetika postaje poželjna etika. Istraživanja iz socijalne psihologije služe kao selektivni mehanizam za odabir onog konceptualnog okvira koji nije samo logički konzistentan nego i empirijski podržan. Poincairé i Popper xii nas upozoravaju na beskonačni broj teorija kojima možemo opisati konačni broj činjenica i potrebu za promišljanjem meta- okvira kako utemeljiti i opravdati izvjesno znanstveno objašnjenje. U studijama o invalidnosti problem paradigme nije samo epistemološki, nego i etički. Opisivanje invalidnosti, tj. onesposobljenosti (disability i impairment najbolje je prevesti kao onesposobljenost i oštećenje; termin invalidnosti ih objedinjuje) kao moralnog stanja, medicinskog, kroz pristup manjinskim politikama ili društvenog modela, kao kulturalne ili relacijske konstrukcije uvelike određuje ne samo što razlikuje onesopobljenost, nego i kakav je moralni odnos prema osobama s invaliditetom, od pozitivne diskriminacije, pravednosti, stigmatizacije do (ne)postojanja društvenih obaveza. Moralni aspekt vidljiv je i iz perspektive hrvatskog društva – kao njegov građanin i invalid vidim naš odsječak društvene zbilje ne, kako nažalost prečesto susrećemo prigovor, kao još jedne skupine koja traži svoj dio rentijerskog kolača, nego skupinu koja ima resurs koji je, čini se, matica društva napustila – svijest o vlastitim ograničenjima i neophodnost napora koji valja uložiti kako bi se nadoknadio zaostatak. Posjedujemo svijest kako je riječ o procesu koji se odvija u malim koracima i odredištu koje možda nećemo dostići. Drugi izbor je očaj, što i nije neka opcija. Ako ovo nije svjetonazor vrijedan filozofskog promišljanja, onda ne znam što jest. vizualizacija filozofskih tema u enciklopediji Dio o metafilozofiji je nalakše braniti i vjerojatno je najsporniji puristima – koliko je primjereno empirijski istraživati Što je filozofija? i Što filozofi rade? Polazim od razumne pretpostavke kako je znanje organizirano u enciklopedijama reprezentativno, posebno za disciplinu koja seže u povijest preko 26 stoljeća. Analiza kompleksnih mreža poveznica među enciklopedijskim natuknicama u Routledge Enciklopediji filozofije pokazuje nekoliko zanimljivih ishoda: postoji jasan obrazac u složenosti natuknica bilo da je riječ o filozofima ili konceptima i xiii on se očituje kroz zakon potencije (power law). Paralelna struktura postoji i u mreži poznanstava filozofa, što nas navodi na potrebu uvrštavanja sociološkog diskursa kada pričamo o povijesti filozofije koja je temeljni dio nastavnog programa struke. Uostalom, matematička logika temeljni je kolegij na prvoj godini studija filozofije i nitko ne spori njenu primjerenost. Iskorak u analizu kompleksnih mreža je stvar intenziteta, ne kvalitativne promjene. * * * Ove knjige ne bi bilo bez strpljenja, doprinosa i velike potpore Bruna Ćurka, Krešimira Zaudera i Maje Jadrešin. Posebno sam zahvalan recenzentima, Franji Peharu i Dariju Škarici na ohrabrenju zbog dobrih dijelova i upozorenjima na one lošije. Sve pogreške i dalje su jedino moja odgovornost. * * * Napomena o znanstvenom aparatu: kako je popis korištenih izvora medijski izrazito raznovrstan (tiskane i elektroničke monografije, znanstvena periodika, filmovi, glazba, stripovi, mrežna mjesta) najpogodnijim sustavom navođenja referenci pokazao se onaj Chicago University Press a (UC 2010) u 16. izdanju, Konzultiranjem nekoliko priručnika o različitim sustavima citiranja (APA 2010; Ellis 1998; Hacker & Sommer 2013; Lipson 2006; Lunsford 2010; UC 2010) odlučio sam se za uporabu sustava autor-datum u retku teksta, a ne onaj fusnotni iz više razloga: manje odvlači pozornost od glavnog tijela teksta, ekonomičniji je, bolje pokriva raznovrsne medije i kronološki je. Za evidenciju referenci koristio se program Zotero (CHNM 2016). xiv I dvije minijature 15 16 ŠTO TO RADIŠ, BULDOŽERU JEDAN? Um je kao padobran. Radi samo kada je otvoren. Frank Zappa U izvrsnom dokumentarcu Igora Mirkovića Sretno dijete
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