Reacciones a La Nueva Cristología (1970 a 1979)

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Reacciones a La Nueva Cristología (1970 a 1979) Capítulo 12 Reacciones a la nueva Cristología (1970 a 1979) La influencia de la nueva teología fue creciente. Aun cuando los defensores de la Cristología tradicional quedasen, inicialmente, un tanto aturdidos con la rapidez del cambio, comenzaron a reaccionar enérgicamente, principalmente a través de los canales oficiales de comunicación de la iglesia. Al comienzo, ellos se hicieron oír en artículos publicados en la Review and Herald, y entonces por medio del Instituto de Investigaciones Bíblicas, a nivel de la Conferencia General. Más tarde, mediante las lecciones de la Escuela Sabática y en muchos libros. En seguida a la publicación de Movement of Destiny, el año 1970 marcó el inicio de un despertamiento del interés en las enseñanzas históricas de los pioneros de la iglesia. 1 A Reacción de la Review and Herald Después de la muerte de F. D. Nichol, en 1966, Kenneth H. Wood, su asociado, se volvió editor- jefe de la Review and Herald. Bajo su liderazgo, de 1966 a 1982, la Review nunca cesó de recordar la enseñanza histórica. Como presidente del Patrimonio de Ellen G. White y también de la junta de sus depositarios, desde 1980, Wood hizo todo lo que podía para incentivar la publicación de artículos sustentando la posición tradicional. Para ese fin, Wood llamó dos editores- asociados: Thomas A. Davis, en 1970, y Herbert E. Douglass, en 1971. Ambos se revelaron fuertes defensores de la tradicional Cristología adventista. Por medio de artículos, libros y ocasionales participaciones en las lecciones de la Escuela Sabática, ellos sistemáticamente se opusieron a la enseñanza presentada en Questions on Doctrine y en Movement of Destiny. Aun antes de ser llamado a la Review, Thomas A. Davis había publicado en 1966 un libro de 2 meditaciones diarias, que apoyaba la posición histórica. Davis escribió: “El Poderoso Creador que había colocado el átomo del mundo girando en el espacio, Él mismo Se hizo participante de la carne y de la sangre del hombre pecaminoso, y edificó Su casa sobre el minúsculo planeta que hiciera. ¡Qué espantosa condescendencia! Hubiese Él tomado sobre Sí la forma impecable de Adán, y ya habría hecho un sacrificio infinito. Pero Él fue mucho más allá cuando Se encontró en la forma de hombre degradado por milenios de pecado”.[1] En 1971, Davis repitió sus convicciones en el libro Romans for the Everyday Man (Romanos Para el Hombre de Cada Día).[2] Herbert E. Douglass también asumió una firme defensa contra los nuevos puntos de vista del Adventismo. Él era conocido como un teólogo equilibrado y respetado profesor de Biblia, habiendo servido como presidente del Colegio Unión del Atlántico. Llamado para unirse al staff de la Review and Herald como editor-asociado, se volvió conocido como uno de los más ardientes defensores de la posición histórica póst- 3 lapsariana.[3] Al llegar a la Review, él publicó una serie de artículos y editoriales exponiendo un aspecto de la cuestión muy caro a su corazón: “En aquella primera Pascua, los jubilosos ángeles sabían que el dramático momento había llegado. Su amado Señor había entrado personalmente en la batalla... Él probaría que lo que Él requiriera del hombre caído, sería realizado”.[4] En el segundo editorial, Douglass explicó por qué Cristo tenía que tomar sobre Sí mismo la naturaleza caída del hombre. “Todos los otros pasos en el plan de la salvación, incluyendo la resurrección de los fieles durante los tiempos del Antiguo Testamento, dependían totalmente del éxito que Jesús tendría como co-participante en la arena de la tentación. Pues si Cristo, ante el expectante Universo, no venciese bajo las mismas condiciones que todo hombre precisa enfrentar, entonces ningún hombre podría esperar vencer”.[5] En el último artículo de la serie, Douglas 4 mostró que el hombre puede vencer la tentación conforme el ejemplo de Jesús. “Como substituto del hombre, Él probó que se podía vivir sin pecar. ‘Nosotros también podemos vencer como Cristo venció.’(El Deseado de Todas las Gentes:389). Jesús no Se valió de ninguna ventaja que no esté disponible para cada ser humano. Únicamente Su fe se constituye en el secreto de Su triunfo sobre el pecado. ‘La victoria y la obediencia de Cristo es la de un ser humano... Cuando le conferimos a Su naturaleza humana un poder que no le es posible al hombre poseer en sus conflictos con Satanás, destruimos la integralidad de Su humanidad’ (Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary, Comentarios de Ellen G. White, vol. 7, pág. 929)”.[6] Uno de los conceptos que Douglass desarrolló en sus editoriales le era especialmente caro. Ese tenía que ver con la última generación viviente al tiempo del retorno de Cristo. “La fe de Jesús produce el carácter de Jesús; esa es la meta de todos aquellos que desean tomar parte en aquella extraordinaria demostración de un vivir semejante 5 al de Cristo en la última generación de adventistas”.[7] “La última generación de los que ‘guardan los mandamientos de Dios y la fe de Jesús’ disipará para siempre todas las dudas remanentes sobre si la voluntad del hombre, unida al poder de Dios, puede alejar todas las tentaciones de servir al yo y al pecado”.[8] Por varios años, entre 1971 y 1974, Douglass publicó un editorial nata lino que llamaba la atención para la naturaleza humana caída de Cristo, y para la razón por qué Él tuvo que tomar la humanidad sobre Sí.[9] Cuando le preguntaron por qué él escribía esos editoriales, Douglass respondió: “Obviamente, eso se volvió un punto de encuentro o bandera para muchos que pensaban nunca más poder ver la verdad impresa... Yo simplemente quería dar un soporte más rico al punto de vista que fue prominente en la historia de nuestra iglesia, y aún lo es en la vida y pensamiento de muchos hermanos de la Conferencia General, con quien convivo en el día- a-día”.[10] 6 La Reacción del Instituto de Investigación Bíblica Poco después del lanzamiento del Volumen 7- A del Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary, en 1970, los miembros del Instituto de Investigación Bíblica de la Conferencia General fueron convocados para revisar uno de los apéndices. Eso fue hecho a través de un suplemento especial de Ministry, en Febrero de 1972,[11] con la siguiente introducción: “Con la publicación de Question on Doctrine... se despertó considerable interés con respecto a la naturaleza de Cristo durante la Encarnación, y la relación de esa naturaleza con la naturaleza del hombre, especialmente en la guerra del hombre contra la tentación y el pecado. “Como el estudio se siguió a la publicación de Questions on Doctrine, fue hecha la sugestión de que el Apéndice B, titulado La Naturaleza de Cristo Durante la Encarnación’ podría ser más útil si los elementos de posible interpretación -- énfase 7 por italización, interpretación por título, etc. --, fuesen minimizados para que las declaraciones pudiesen ser puestas delante del lector en su propia fuerza, hablándole a la mente. “El material en su presente formato fue considerado por la Comisión de Investigación Bíblica de la Conferencia General, y aprobado como la más provechosa forma para una futura presentación... Sus lectores son estimulados a considerar en esas declaraciones, el equilibrio entre la divinidad y la humanidad de Cristo, y los peligros inherentes en hacerlo tan exclusivamente divino o tan completamente humano. El elemento de misterio en la Encarnación pide constante reconocimiento”.[12] El Instituto de Investigación Bíblica eliminó los itálicos, reorganizó el texto y suprimió algunas citas. Y lo más importante: reescribió muchos de los títulos y subtítulos para hacerlos menos tendenciosos teológicamente. Así, por ejemplo, el título III, que dice que Jesús “asumió la naturaleza humana exenta de pecado”[13], fue sustituido por 8 otro más de acuerdo con el contenido de las citas: “Tomando la naturaleza humana, Cristo no participó de su pecado o propensión para el mal”.[14] De esa manera, sin entrar en polémica con los autores del apéndice B, los miembros del Instituto de Investigación Bíblica presentaron un texto neutro, dejando que los lectores sacasen sus propias conclusiones. En su relatorio público, Gordon Hyde, entonces director del Instituto de Investigación Bíblica de la Conferencia General, notó con pesar la creciente influencia de la nueva Cristología. Escribió él: “Es generalmente sabido que no todos quedaron felices con el énfasis dado en Question on Doctrine, y de hecho, uno o dos estudiosos entre nosotros, así como líderes de algunos grupos discordantes, tomaron una actitud negativa ante el énfasis dado y disputaron enfáticamente por la posición póstlapsariana. En general, sin embargo, la posición de Question on Doctrine pareció prevalecer y fue mantenida por el liderazgo de la iglesia como siendo correcta... Pero, en los últimos tres o cuatro años, hubo un resurgimiento de los 9 asuntos por parte de ciertos editores de la Review en sus editoriales, y en algunas publicaciones de los grupos divergentes”.[15] Herbert E. Douglass Reacciona a Través de las Lecciones de la Escuela Sabática En esa ocasión, mientras Herbert Douglass publicaba sus editoriales en la Review and Herald, le fue solicitado preparar las lecciones de la Escuela Sabática sobre “Cristo, Nuestra Justicia”, para el primer trimestre de 1974.[16] El problema de la naturaleza humana de Jesús es tratado bajo el título “El Justo Jesús”[17]. El verso básico es (Romanos 8:3), y la introducción del tópico presenta esta cita de Ellen White: “Cristo soportó los pecados y debilidades de la raza humana tales como existían cuando Él vino a la Tierra para ayudar al hombre. En favor de la raza, teniendo sobre Sí las debilidades del hombre caído, debía Él resistir a las tentaciones de Satanás en todos los puntos en que el hombre era tentado”.[18] 10 Habiendo desarrollado el tema de la divinidad de Cristo en la primeras dos secciones de la lección, Douglass abordó Su humanidad en las otras cuatro, bajo los siguientes títulos “Jesús Fue Hombre” (Fil.
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