BOOK YOUR COPY NOW! August-September 2019 Volume 16 No. 4 `100.00 (India-Based Buyer Only) SP’s ND Military AN SP GUIDE P UBLICATION 192 Gunners Yearbook 2019 SP’s Day Special

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In This Issue >> LEAD STORY

Page 4 Artillery Ammunition and Missiles: Destruction Power of Artillery Modernisation of Artillery: Bigger Bang

During 1850, solid shot, which was for the Buck spherical in shape, and black powder were standard ammunition for guns. Howitzers ‘Future battlefield will be characterised by short and intense engagements requiring fired hollow powder-filled shells which were ignited by wooden fuses filled with slow- integrated and coordinated employment of all fire power resources including burning powder. precision and high lethality weapon systems in a hybrid warfare environment.’ Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd) Page 6 Indian Artillery Celebrates 192nd Gunners Day  Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd) Artillery Rationalisation Plan 2000 in 1987 got embroiled in kickbacks and The Artillery is presently engaged in There had been no acquisition of guns corruption. This lead to large voids in fire modernising in terms of equipment and Role of Indian Artillery for the Indian Artillery since 1987 when power when on the other hand the war sce- support systems under ‘Make in India’ The artillery has always been a battle win- the acquisition of 39-calibre 155mm FH- nario visualised a two front war. This dic- initiative of the Modi Government. ning factor as it can shower death on the 77B howitzers from Sweden’s AB Bofors tated that the strength of artillery should troops in the open and also Lt General P.C. Katoch (Retd) destroy bunkers with deadly Page 9 accuracy. This was clearly Strategic Partnership for ‘Make in India’ evident in Kargil where the In order to achieve the goal of self-reliance Indian Artillery pulverized through ‘Make in India’, it is necessary to Pakistan bunkers, kept their invest in long term indigenous capabilities heads down and made the through special partnership model. task of assaulting Indian infantry easier. Jayant Patil Modernisation of Indian Page 10 Artillery is based on the Wishing You a Happy Equipment for Law Enforcement for envisaged role in the current Minimum Invasive Violence and future battle milieu. The Modern day law enforcement personnel role could be defined as the Gunners’ Day have to operate in a more transparent integrated and coordinated society with increasingly complex laws of employment of all avail- the land which include human rights where able firepower resources to they are subject to greater accountability. shape the battlefield and to Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd) degrade the enemy in con- tact and in depth battle to Page 12 achieve decisive victory of Defeat the Night with Image Intensifiers the enemy. The fire power Sensor fusion combines image intensifier could include all types of and thermal imaging technologies into one guns, mortars, missiles and device. Such a combination enables a user where required the Indian to view the image in much greater part of Air Force. the light spectrum which spans from visible Future battlefield. to near-infrared to long-wave infrared and The future battlefield will be to see the image in the visible and thermal characterised by short and spectrum. intense engagements; non- Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd) linear battles; simultane- ity of operations; increased On the 192nd Gunners’ Day, we reaffirm our Page 14 battle field transparency; commitment to support the Indian Artillery’s 20 Years of DSEI: Latest Land Warfare integrated and coordinated quest for modernisation and bespoke Developments employment of all fire power solutions. At BAE Systems, we are delighted Out of six zones that make up the DSEI resources including pre- to have begun delivering the M777 Ultra event, the Land Zone stood out with a vast cision and high lethality Lightweight Howitzer enabled by assembly, array of innovative industrial advancements weapon systems in a hybrid integration and testing in country. throughout the event. warfare environment. The Ayushee Chaudhary battle will be fought under baesystems.com the shadow of a nuclear, Plus biological and chemical News in Brief 15 warfare threat.

4/2019 SP’s Land Forces 1 >> LEAD STORY

This issue coincides with the the modernisation of Artillery has the same time the fire power in arms fair in the world wrapped a Gunner’s Day which is celebrat- accelerated at a faster pace, af- the hands of these citizens has successful 20th year, held from ed on September 28 every year. ter decades of stagnation. The become more lethal. This leads September 10 to 13, 2019, in The origin of the raising day is next article is on Artillery ammu- to the perennial vexed question of London. We have a report on traced back to formation of the 5 nition which includes ammuni- the degree of force to be applied. this biennial event is a principal Mountain Bombay (now Mumbai) tion for guns, rockets, mortars; The Law Enforcement profession event that brings together gov- Battery on September 28, 1827. and missiles. The current thrust probably first began with “an eye ernments, national armed forces, The motto of the Regiment of is on Precision Guided Muni- for an eye” however modern day industry leaders and the global Artillery is Sarvatra Izzat-o-Iqbal tions (PGM) which is a guided law enforcement personnel have defence and security supply (Everywhere with Honour and munition designed to precisely to operate in a more transparent chain on an unrivaled scale. Glory).Thus this issue is dedi- hit a specific target. The termi- society with increasingly complex Then there is the usual news cated to the Regiment of Artillery nal guidance unit is designed to laws of the land which include hu- digest and flag postings. We which also includes a message sense emitted or reflected elec- man rights and greater account- wrap this edition with wishing from Lt General K. Ravi Prasad, tro-magnetic radiation. During ability. In India the main threat is a Happy Gunners Day on Sep- Director General Artillery. the Cold War period, the Soviet terrorism/low intensity conflict op- tember 28th. May you succeed The lead article is on mod- Union’s superior tank force pre- erations in J&K, terrorism in other in every battle with Honour and ernisation of Regiment of Artil- sented a serious conventional states and Left Wing Extremism. Glory. We also wish our discern-

EDITORIAL lery. Modernisation of any arm threat to US and NATO forces In such an operating environment ing readers happy Dussehra and will be based on its role in the in Europe which was partly off- the selection of equipment and Diwali. modern battlefield. For Artillery it set by US nuclear weapons but weapons requires deep reflection could be defined as the integrat- the requirement was to provide a and intense training. In modern ed and coordinated employment non-nuclear offset which started battle field it is very important of all available firepower resourc- the evolution of PGMs. to defeat the night with modern es to shape the battlefield and Then there is an interesting technology thus read all about it to degrade the enemy in contact article on equipment (including in this issue. and in depth battle to achieve weapons) for Law Enforcement Defence & Security Equip- decisive victory of the enemy. Agencies as these agencies are ment International (DSEI), one of Jayant Baranwal During the last couple of years, dealing with own citizens and at the largest and most significant Publisher & Editor-in-Chief

Photographs: BAE Systems, SP Guide Pubns be such that it could support a two front war dure’ in Defence Procurement Procedure fought simultaneously. (DPP)-2016. The revised procedure has Seeing the alarming state of the nation’s been finalised after a series of consultations firepower capability, Gunners after a hiatus held with industry and is aimed ‘better bang of thirteen years came up with the Field for the buck’. Artillery Rationalisation Plan (FARP) in 2000. As part of FARP, 155mm calibre was Current Status of FARP made the standard gun system for Indian BAE Systems’ M777 155mm/39 Cali- Artillery. Accordingly, ‘Artillery Profile’ was bre Ultra Lightweight Howitzers (ULH). conceived and promulgated with emphasis The M777 is the world’s first 155 mm How- on Mediumisation’ of Artillery. The plans itzer weighing less than 10,000 lbs (4,218 were rather ambitious and involved the kg). Selected by the US Marine Corps and acquisition of about 3000 plus guns by US Army as their next generation Medium 2025 at an estimated cost of $8 billion. Artillery weapon, designated M777, the These guns included: gun has undergone an engineering and l 1,580 towed gun systems (TGS) manufacturing development programme l 814 mounted gun systems (MGS) in the US. M777 is now in full rate pro- l 100 self-propelled howitzers (SPHs) duction for the US Armed Forces. The con- l 145 BAE Systems M777 155mm/39 tract for procurement of 145 numbers of calibre lightweight howitzers for the 155mm/39 calibre ULH was signed with mountains US Government in November 2016. These Expect for M777, all other gun systems howitzers are being procured under US For- were of 155mm/52 calibre or 45 calibre. eign Military Sales Programme. As per the Existing inventory was to be upgraded to contract, US Government will deliver 25 add to the numbers. fully formed howitzers from USA/UK and balance 120 howitzers will be assembled in The Blue Print for 3000 Guns India. The delivery of these howitzers will be Following aspects are part of the strategy: completed over a period of four years. The l Involving the Indian industry to trig- first two guns were handed over to India in ger the growth and establishment of a July 2018 and the remaining guns will be robust military industry complex. assembled in India by BAE Systems in part- l Becoming self contained in armaments nership with Mahindra Defence. by encouraging indigenous develop- Dhanush. Ordnance Factories Board ment; encourage competition amongst (OFB) had been contracted to produce a the government and private industry to 45-calibre 155mm howitzer based on the attain efficiency. Transfer of Technology obtained from Bofors l Gainfully employing the trained man- in the 1980s. The Defence Acquisition power and infrastructure of India’s Council approved a proposal from the OFB Defence Research and Development to manufacture 144 pieces of 155mm/45- Organisation (DRDO) and defence public calibre howitzers with the option to acquire sector undertakings (DPSUs) along with another 400 provided the prototypes suc- the private sector to accelerate the pro- cessfully meet the army’s specifications in duction rate of guns to meet the target of user trials. The gun completed the Field (Top) BAE Systems’ M777 155mm/39 Calibre Ultra Lightweight Howitzers (ULH); (above) Indigenously about 3,000 guns in a reasonable time built Dhanush 155mm x 45 calibre long-range artillery gun has a strike range of 38 km. Evaluation Trials successfully and as a result frame. This could be achieved by giving the OFB received a bulk production order the manufacturing contract for the same Boosting ‘Make in India’ in Defence from the Ministry of Defence for 114 Dha- system to more than one company. Production by Make-II The plans were rather nush guns. The OFB also handed over six Make in India. Prime Minister Naren- As a major boost to ‘Make in India’ in Dhanush artillery guns to the Regiment of dra Modi had unfurled his ‘Make in India’ Defence, the Defence Acquisition Council, ambitious and involved Artillery in a ceremony held at the Gun Car- vision. Such advance systems could not chaired by the then Defence Minister Nir- riage Factory during April 2019. be developed and manufactured solely by mala Sitharaman, in its meeting on January the acquisition of about l Dhanush is the first indigenously built Indian companies in a desirable time frame 16, 2018, had cleared a simplified ‘Make-II’ 155mm x 45 calibre long-range artil- thus the Indian companies were allowed procedure which will enable greater partici- 3000 plus guns by 2025 lery gun with strike range of 38 kilo- to collaborate with foreign companies for pation of industry in acquisition of defence metres. It is also a major success story transfer of technologies with they still being equipment. This process will greatly help at an estimated cost of of the ‘Make in India’ initiative. Some the prime contractor. This would further import substitution and promote innovative operational details given by OFB are: accelerate the progress towards achieving solutions. This simplified ‘Make-II’ proce- $8 billion – Automated technology allows three

www.spslandforces.com the objects of FARP. dure will amend the existing ‘Make Proce- to six guns to be fired simultaneously

2 SP’s Land Forces 4/2019 >> Lead Story / message

Lt General K. Ravi Prasad, VSM Director General Artillery & Colonel Message Commandant Regiment of Artillery

I congratulate you on your efforts in providing quality information on Armed Forces. Your publications have been a valuable source of information on Armed Forces and help bridge the gap between the stakehold- ers and concerned organisations. Please accept my compliments on becoming the largest publishing house in the entire Asia Pacific and Middle East regions. My best wishes for your pursuit for excellence in future. With warm regards Yours sincerely

(K. Ravi Prasad) Lt General

Photograph: L&T Heavy Engineering at a single target. Rate of fire of the of the Dhanush, one of them being a truck gun is 42 rounds/hour. mounted version. – The gun is equipped with inertial nav- 155/52 Calibre Self Propelled How- igation-based sighting system, auto- itzer. It was earlier reported earlier that Bhim laying facility, on-board ballistic com- self-propelled howitzer was being developed putation and an advanced day-night as a private venture of the South African direct firing system. company Denel in collaboration with DRDO Dhanush is a joint effort by the OFB, the but no details are known. It is also reported Army, DRDO, Directorate General Quality that L&T is expected to develop this system. Assurance, PSUs Bharat Electronics Lim- 155mm/52 Calibre Advance Towed ited, SAIL, and private firms. Artillery Gun System (ATAGS). ATAGS is India’s first indigenous 155mm/52-calibre 155mm/52 Calibre Towed Howitzer towed gun system which is being devel- Nexter of France has offered their gun Trajan oped by Defence Research and Development and have tied up with Larson & Toubro (L&T). Organisation along with two private-sec- Elbit of Israel has offered their gun ATHOS tor firms, Tata Power SED and the Kalyani 2052 and have tied up with Kalyani Group/ Group/Bharat Forge. During January 2017, Bharat Forge. Howitzers of both Nexter and two ATAGS prototypes had been made and Elbit Systems underwent competitive trials were under trials. During September 2017, in response to the Ministry of Defence’s ten- former Defence Minister Nirmala Sithara- der of 2011/12 for 1,580 guns which was man also attended the trial along with the concluded in November 2015. The two guns L&T’s Self Propelled Howitzers (SPH) K9 Vajra-T COAS and the DG Artillery. Finally there will were to undergo General Staff evaluation be a requirement of 1,500 towed guns cost- by the army before one was shortlisted and the DPP 2012 ‘Buy Global’ category. L&T the remaining 714 will be produced in ing about $4.5 billion but the initial order is price negotiations begin. The army plans to had won the contract in 2017 to supply 100 India. Tata Power SED with its 155mm for the immediate requirement of 114 guns. acquire 400 guns under the DPP’s ‘Buy and units of K9 Vajra to the Indian Army under truck mounted gun system and L&T-Ashok It is claimed that the ATAGS is the world’s Make’ category and license build the remain- the Centre’s ‘Make in India’ initiative. The K9 Leyland-Nexter with their 155mm gun are only gun with a six-round “automated mag- ing 1,180 howitzers. It was then reported is expected to contain some 13 major indig- among the private companies in India that azine” that fires a six-round burst in just that fresh trials have been ordered for both enous subsystems, including its fire control, are reported to be interested but at present 30 seconds. Most other existing 155mm, the systems but it appears that Elbit Systems ammunition handling, and nuclear, biologi- the acquisition appears on low priority. The 52-calibre guns have three-round maga- has won the competition as the Elbit-Bharat cal, and chemical system and muzzle veloc- other aspect is that OFB has announced zines, which must be reloaded after firing Forge bid for the Athos 2052 howitzer was ity radar, to help it bypass the 30 per cent that they will produce two more versions three rounds. The gun has several signifi- found significantly lower than that of Nexter. offset obligation. It is learnt that the contract cant features including an all-electric drive. In fact it is understood that it is even less than has already been signed, and includes a fol- Catapult. This is the Interim Solution Dhanush. The Ministry of Defence has the low-on option for additional 50 K9 guns. Modernisation of Indian for Self-Propelled Howitzers (SPH) in which choice of opting for the indigenous Advanced Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Janu- the army is expected to induct 40 indig- Towed Artillery Gun System (ATAGS), being ary 19, 2019, inaugurated the Armoured Artillery is based on enously developed Catapult Mk II SPHs, ­developed by the Defence Research and Systems Complex of Larsen and Toubro in the envisaged role which mount a 130mm gun on the chassis Development Organisation in partnership Gujarat, the first private facility in the coun- of the locally designed Arjun MBT. These with Tata Power SED and Bharat Forge. The try where the K9 Vajra self-propelled Howit- that could be defined will replace the Catapult Mk I, designed in picture will get clear in the near future but zer guns will be manufactured. the early 1980s by mounting the 130mm logically India should opt for ATAGS which is The company has set up the Armoured as the integrated and gun onto the extended chassis of an OFB- a homegrown system. Systems Complex at Hazira, around 30 km built Vijayanta (Vickers Mk I) MBT. Self Propelled Howitzers (SPH) K9 from Surat, to manufacture and integrate coordinated employment Vajra-T. During December 2015 the Min- advanced armoured platforms, such as self- Ammunition istry of Defence began price negotiations propelled artillery Howitzers, future infan- of all available firepower It has been decided that all ammunition with L&T for 100 modified South Korean try combat vehicles, future-ready combat resources to shape for the guns will be made in India. The OFB SPHs, worth around `5,600 crore (about vehicles and future main battle tanks. which has the longest experience in the $800 million). The K9 Vajra-T, an L&T The manufacturing complex is executing the battlefield and to manufacture of ammunition will really version of Samsung Techwin’s K9 Thun- the ‘K9 Vajra-T 155mm/52-calibre tracked have to modernise and upgrade their infra- der 155mm/52 calibre gun customised for self-propelled Howitzer guns’ programme. degrade the enemy in structure to enable manufacture of modern India’s 2012 SPH tender, was shortlisted for 814 Truck-mounted guns. The ammunition which includes fair amount of acquisition in late September after undergo- Acquisition of 814 truck-mounted Guns contact and in depth electronics. Fuze is one of the critical com- ing trials along with Russia’s MSTA – self- has been approved by the Defence Acquisi- ponents which also include time and radio propelled gun, which had been modified to tion Council in November 2014 and will battle to achieve decisive fuze (also called variable time fuze) which 155mm/52 calibre standard and mounted be undertaken under the ‘buy and make in will require a level of expertise. Efforts on a T-72 tank chassis. According to indus- India’ category with transfer of technology. victory of the enemy should be also made to bring the private sec- try sources, the K9 is being procured under While the first 100 guns will be imported, tor on board to pool their skill. SP

4/2019 SP’s Land Forces 3 >> artillery Artillery Ammunition and Missiles: Destruction Power of Artillery

During 1850, solid shot, which was spherical in shape, and black powder were standard ammunition for guns. Howitzers fired hollow powder-filled shells which were ignited by wooden fuses filled with slow-burning powder.

Photograph: US Army  Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd) High Explosive Guided Mortar (HEGM) The role of the HEGM is to provide an integral rtillery ammunition indirect mortar fire capability that can support includes the projectile or the infantry at close quarters in all weather shell; propellant; primer to ignite and terrain conditions. It will be the most suit- the propellant; cartridge case to able weapon for manoeuvring battalions and hold the propellant, bursting special operations. Its accuracy will provide chargeA and fuse. The size of the projectile ‘first shot- bulls eye’ thereby removing the is expressed in terms in terms of calibre, ‘Ranging Process’ which will reduce the quan- which is the diameter of the projectile as tity of mortar bombs required for an operation, measured in mm or inches. reduce the time of mortar fire and minimise the collateral damage in an urban environ- Precision Guidance Munition (PGM) ment. The XM395 will engage targets as close A PGM (also called smart weapon, smart as 500 m threshold (T) and 1,000 m objective munition, smart bomb) is a guided muni- (O). This implies that own infantry can get tion designed to precisely hit a specific tar- safely to the target as close as 500 m when the get. The terminal guidance unit is designed target range is 1,000 m. In another scenario to sense emitted or reflected electro -mag- the range can be 6,500 m (T) and 15,000 m netic -radiation. PGMs is the area where (O). The 120mm cartridge is being developed artillery can improve radically to provide in an incremental manner to increase range, devastating, accurate and almost instant system manoeuvrability, improve lethality fire. PGMs could also punish infrastructure M982 Excalibur 155mm round leaves the barrel of an M777 Howitzer during a live fire shoot etc. Full Operational Capability is likely to be targets with less collateral damage; engage achieved by the middle of 2022. radars, integrated air defence systems, and target for releasing two SADARM submuni- detection and ranging (“ladar”) seeker, a command and control centres effectively. tions. The submunition is ejected from the turbojet motor, and wings that extend on Rocket Launcher PGMs would be self guided and thus could projectile with the help of two parachutes. launch. The missile has a 70 km range with A modern US multiple launch rocket sys- be launched from a longer range when Each sensor with the submunitions has a a 30-minute loiter time. It is able to loiter tem (MLRS) is a high-mobility automatic operating from an airborne platform thus milli- meter radiometre radar which scans an over targets of interest, do automatic target system based on a M270 weapons platform. reducing the risk to the pilot and the air- area of 150 m in diameter, tracks and guides recognition and attack targets on its own. The basic MLRS tactical rocket warhead craft. PGMs used by US Forces have been the submunition onto the target. When fully developed, LAM will enable the contains 644 M77 munitions, which are successful in the Middle East, forcing the Army with a single shot, to search large dispensed above the target in mid-air. The adversaries to change their tactics by widely Non-Line-of-Sight Launch System areas for specific targets with a single mis- dual-purpose bomblets are armed during dispersing their forces. PGM Components (NLOS-LS) sile. LAM is envisioned as an autonomous, freefall and a simple drag ribbon orients the include a Guidance Unit which discrimi- The NLOS-LS was a technology demonstra- loitering hunter-killer with a 200+ km bomblets for impact. Each MLRS launcher nates differences in energy received by its tion programme focused on beyond line-of- range and a 45-minute flight time. can deliver almost 8,000 munitions in fewer sensor; and a Tracker Unit which controls sight fires for the Army’s Future Combat Sys- than 60 seconds at ranges exceeding 32 km. the flight of the PGM to the target. tem. The programme was earlier managed DARPA’s Magneto Hydrodynamic Other mission-oriented rockets include the by DARPA (NetFires). The aim was to develop Explosive Munition (MAHEM) extended-range (ER) rocket, the reduced- Some examples of current PGMs and test a containerised, platform-indepen- Programme range practice rocket (RRPR) with a range of M982 Excalibur. This is a 155mm dent multi-mission weapon concept as an Explosively formed jets (EFJ) and fragments 8 km to 15 km and the AT2, which dispenses extended range guided artillery shell devel- enabling technology element for the FCS. and self-forging penetrators (SFP) are used 28 anti-tank mines a round. The extended- oped by Raytheon Missile Systems and BAE The NLOS-LS is claimed to defeat all known for precision strike against targets such as range rocket, first fielded in 1998, carries Systems AB. It is a GPS-guided munition, threats, is air deployable and enhances the armoured vehicles and reinforced struc- 518 improved munitions in excess of 45 km. capable of being used for close support of situation awareness and survivability due tures. The Magneto Hydrodynamic Explo- within 75-150 m of friendly troops. It has to standoff target acquisition and extended- sive Munition (MAHEM) programme offers Indian Perspective a range of 40-57 km and CEP (cumulative range, non-line-of-sight engagements. Both the potential for higher efficiency, greater Guns. There is no development in gun error of probability) of around 5-20 m. missile types have a self-locating launcher control, and the ability to generate and ammunition although a statement was made M712 Copperhead. This can be fired and a command and control system com- accurately time multiple jets and fragments in 2016 that India make its own ammuni- from a 155mm calibre gun, is fin-stabilised, patible with the FCS. The NLOS-LS is one of from a single charge. The programme will tion for all gun systems in India. Defence terminally guidance by laser, explosive shell the alternative system to provide artillery demonstrate compressed magnetic flux PSUs and the private sector will really have to is designed to engage hard point targets such support in place of the Crusader artillery generator (CMFG)-driven magneto hydro- gear up to the challenge of modern artillery as tanks, self-propelled howitzers or other system. The system is platform independent dynamically formed metal jets and SFP with ammunition, rockets and missiles. high-value targets. It can be fired from many with the concept of vertical-launch set of significantly improved performance over Rocket Launcher. India has great suc- types of 155mm calibre artillery guns like missiles with a command and control sys- EFJ. MAHEM offers the potential for mul- cess with the DRDO developed Pinaka MLRS. M777, M198, etc. The projectile has a mini- tem in a box. Normal artillery is dependent tiple targeted warheads with a much higher The system has a maximum range of 40 km mum range of 3 km and a maximum range upon the platform. The system has 16 com- EFJ velocity, than conventional EFJ/SFP for Mark-I and 75 km for Mark-II, and can of 16 km. For Copperhead to function, the partments out of which 15 hold missiles and which will increase precision and lethality. fire a salvo of 12 HE rockets in 44 seconds. target must be illuminated with a laser des- one compartment holds the command and MAHEM could also be packaged into a mis- The warhead is 100 kg HE with option of ignator. Once the laser signal is detected, the control system. The missile has a soft launch sile, projectile or other platform, and deliv- Fragmentation HE; Incendiary; Anti-tank/ on-board guidance system will operate the which means that the recoil is very little ered close to target for final engagement. anti-personnel and anti-tank bomblets. steering vanes to manoeuvre the projectile unlike a gun which has a heavy recoil. Sudarshan. Sudarshan is an Indian to the target. Copperhead operates in two Type of Missiles. It has two type of Nuclear shells laser-guided bomb kit, developed by DRDO’s modes. Ballistic mode is used with good vis- missiles. The first is a Precision Attack Mis- US developed one of the first artillery guns Aeronautical Development Establishment ibility and high cloud ceiling. Glide mode is sile (PAM), which was formerly developed called ‘Atomic Annie’, in 1953. The gun fired with technological support from Instru- used with low visibility and low cloud ceiling. by Raytheon Corporation alone. The PAM a 15-kiloton atomic projectile to a range ments Research and Development Estab- M898 155mm Sense and Destroy can be utilised for both hard and soft tar- of 17 miles (about 27 km) and weighed 85 lishment for the Indian Air Force. Armour (SADARM) shell. SADARM can gets at a range of 0.5-50 km. The second tonnes which became completely unwieldy Missile Systems. India has a surface to be fired from a normal 155mm artillery gun. is a Loitering Attack Missile (LAM), which in the field. It was replaced by a 203mm how surface Prithvi missile and BrahMos cruise SADARM shell has a nose-mounted M762/ has continued to be developed by both Lock- which could fire nuclear projectiles with a missile, both of them are being further

SP www.spslandforces.com M767 fuse set to burst at 1,000 m above the heed Martin and Raytheon. It carries a laser yield ranging from 0.1 to 12 kilotons. improved in precision, range and lethality.

4 SP’s Land Forces 4/2019 K9 VAJRA-T - 155 mm / 52 Cal. Tracked Self Propelled Gun >> artillery Indian Artillery Celebrates 192nd Gunners Day

The Artillery is presently engaged in modernising in terms of equipment and support systems under ‘Make in India’ initiative of the Modi Government

Photographs: MoD Twitter, PIB  Lt General P.C. Katoch (Retd) ment, a medium and a mountain battery assisted capture of Haji Pir Pass. In the East- egiment of Artillery, the ern Sector during the 1971 Indo-Pakistan second largest arm of the Indian War, artillery improvised extensively to get Army, will celebrate its 192nd Gun- guns, ammunition, vehicles across rivers. ners’ Day on September 28, 2019. 49 Para Field Battery was para-dropped As is the norm, Wreath Laying with 2 PARA to capture Pongli Bridge. In RCeremony will be held at Amar Jawan Jyoti the Western Sector, artillery played major by the Director General of Artillery and role in capture of Pakistani posts in Ladakh, Colonel Commandant, Lt General K. Ravi Kashmir, Rajauri, Jammu, Punjab and Raj- Prasad, senior veterans and serving offi- asthan. It was also instrumental in defeat- cers. The day has a special significance for ing Pakistani designs to capture areas in the Regiment of Artillery as the first Indian Poonch and Chamb in J&K, Hussainiwala Artillery Unit, 5 (Bombay) Mountain Bat- and Fazilka in Punjab and Laungwala in tery equipped with 2.5 inch Guns, was Rajasthan. In Siachen, guns were initially raised on this day in 1827. Presently it dismantled and air dropped in 1983-84. forms part of 57 Field Regiment. Today, medium and field guns are providing Post the 1857 mutiny, majority artillery close support to infantry in Siachen. units were disbanded, retaining only moun- During the 1999 Kargil conflict, artillery tain batteries for deployment in the North helped pulverize enemy defences, enabling West Frontier during Afghan Wars. Babur capture by infantry. The overwhelming supe- used artillery in the first battle of Panipat riority of fire power broke enemy will. By in 1526 to decisively defeat Ibrahim Lodhi. mid-July 1999, Pakistan’s intrusions on the Mughal emperors, Tipu Sultan and Nizam Indian side of LoC had been undone. Artillery of Hyderabad all used artillery, but maxi- has been giving befitting response to ceasefire mum use was made by Maharaja Ranjit violations by Pakistan; destroying posts, ter- Singh. The modern Indian Surveillance and ror launching pads and subduing enemy gun Target Acquisition (SATA) Gunner evolved positions. The Artillery is presently engaged in from putting ‘Nine Originals’ together in modernising in terms of equipment and sup- 1925 at the School of Artillery, Kabul, to port systems under ‘Make in India’ initiative form the First Survey Section. This nucleus of the Modi Government. by 1942 expanded to become the 1st Indian After over two decades of not a single Survey Regiment. World War II saw Indian new gun added, induction of three new Gunners in action in East and North Africa models of the 155mm has taken place: and Middle East. Indian gunners had won M777 Ultra Light Howitzer of BAE Sys- 1 x Victoria Cross (Havaldar Umrao Singh), tems; tracked self-propelled K9 Vajra-T of 1 x George Medal, 15 x Military Crosses, 2 L&T, and; OFB’s Dhanush. 145 x BAE Sys- x IOMs, 22 x IDSMs, 18 x Military Medals, tems M777 Ultra Light Howitzers (ULH) are 5 x OBEs, 1 x MBE, 3 x BEMs, 13 x Burma being acquired through the FMS route from Gallantry Medals and 467 x Jangi Inams. the US. BAE Systems is partnering Mahindra In 1945, Indian Artillery was awarded the Defence Systems for assembly, integration title of ‘Royal’ Winston Churchill rose in the and testing of the 145 howitzers in India. House of Commons to pay tribute to their 25 x ULH are to be imported fully built and decisive role in the Battle of Bir Hachiem balance 120 assembled in India. K9 Vajra- against Rommel’s Panzer Army. T gun system is to be produced in India by During Independence, Indian Artillery L&T in collaboration its Korean partner. 10 consisted of Field, Air Defence, Counter x K9 Vajra-T are being imported from South Bombardment, Coastal, Air Observation Korea and balance 90 will be manufactured Post branches. India was allotted eighteen at L&T. MoD has indented 114 x Dhanush and half all types of artillery regiments Howitzers and more orders could follow while remaining nine and half units went based on its performance. to Pakistan. In wake of the 1947 Pakistani The principle project to buy 400 x invasion, personnel of 2 Field Regiment 155mm/52 caliber towed guns followed (SP) and 13 Field Regiment wore uniform of by the indigenous manufacture of 1180 1 SIKH and proceeded as a composite com- (Top) M777 Ultra Light Howitzer of BAE Systems; (above) Pinaka 214 MM Multiple Barrel Rocket x guns is undergoing confirmatory tri- pany of the 1 SIKH to J&K. They operated Launcher System on Rajpath, New Delhi. als, with involvement of major private as infantry till first week November 1947 sector defence companies who have tied when 4 x 3.7 inch howitzer were inducted. Field Regiment provided covering fire to the up with foreign vendors. DRDOs 155mm Thereafter, they supported infantry to drive infantry units of 4 Mountain Division to After over two decades Advanced Towed Artillery Gun System out the infiltrators along Srinagar-Baram- extricate themselves and launch counterat- of not a single new gun (ATAGS) project in conjunction Kalyani ula road. Later, artillery assisted in defend- tacks. Similarly, 17 Para Field Regiment and Group, Tata Power and OFB to replace ing Srinagar airfield and subsequent route 71 Heavy Mortar Battery provided support added, induction of three older guns is underway. Up gunning of the of Pakistanis from Jammu and Kashmir in Walong Sector. In Ladakh Sector also 13 130mm/39 caliber and 155mm/45 cali- Valley. Artillery played a dominant role in Field Regiment and 38 Field Battery played new models of the 155mm bre guns is also being addressed. Six more recapture of Poonch, Rajauri, Tangdhar, significant role in holding the enemy and regiments of indigenous Pinaka MBRL Tithwal, Dras and Kargil during 1947-48. defending Chushul heights. has taken place: M777 System are to be added to existing four. On October 23, 1962 when Chinese Major restructuring and equipping of Increasing range of Pinaka rockets from invaders attacked Indian positions through Indian Artillery happened after 1962. In Ultra Light Howitzer of 40 to 75 km is being worked upon. SATA Bum La Pass, they were immediately 1964 Coastal Artillery was transferred remains equipped with imported Heron engaged by 7 (Bengal) Mountain Battery to Indian Navy. Prior to the 1965 Indo- BAE Systems; tracked self- and Searcher UAVs, however, indigenous which broke the attack. Artillery kept sup- Pak War, 11 Field Regiment, 17 Para Field ‘Swati’ weapon locating radar (WLR) is a porting infantry till Tawang was aban- Regiment and Air Observation Post helped propelled K9 Vajra-T of good addition. 28 x Swati are planned to doned. Subsequently guns of 116 Mortar thwart Pakistani designs in the Rann of be inducted. All this will enable the Artil- Battery, 34 Heavy Mortar Battery, 5 Field Kutch. During the 1965 Indo-Pak War, 164 L&T, and; OFB’s Dhanush lery deliver a much greater punch against

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STRATEGY & PERSPECTIVE CONFLICTS TO WATCH CONFLICTS TO WATCH BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENCE: AFFORDABLE OPTIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES CONTENTS CONTENTS CONTENTS

the face of Pakistan’s military incursions. In December 2007, CHINA carries risks, as unregulated and relatively inexperienced contrac- According to the United States, claimant countries, under UN How the S-400 will defend India the existence of the TTP was officially announced, under the tors may exacerbate security problems. There are indications that Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), should have freedom leadership of Baitullah Mehsud. In 2014, former Pakistan Prime China’s Marine Corps could become its principal ready response of navigation through EEZs in the sea and are not required to notify 17

AFGHANISTAN

Minister Nawaz Sharif’s attempts to negotiate a peace agreement force in the region. A Marine company is already deployed to the claimants of military activities. In July 2016, the Permanent Court with the TTP failed as they attacked the international airport Kabul Chinese base at Djibouti (which has facilities to accommodate up of Arbitration at The Hague issued its ruling on a claim brought CHINA S-400 Specifications: in Karachi. In Jun 2014 the Pakistan government launched an IRAN Islamabad to 10,000 personnel). There are reports of Chinese security pres- against China by the Philippines under UNCLOS, ruling in favour Role: Long-range anti-access/area offensive against TTP strongholds in North Waziristan. The TTP ence in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir to protect transport infrastruc- of the Philippines on almost every count. While China is a signatory denial Punjab Equipment: Each S-400 battalion has VEHICLES responded with several attacks, including the December 2014 ture and construction units, and there has been speculation about to the treaty, which established the tribunal, it refuses to accept the WEAPONS VEHICLES VEHICLES WEAPONS WEAPONS WEAPONS WEAPONS EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT attack on the Army Public School in Peshawar that killed nearly future deployments to Gwadar. Several Chinese military exercises court’s authority. EQUIPMENT eight launchers, a command centre, 150 people, mostly school children, in the deadliest terrorist PAKISTAN in the Indian Ocean region are openly focused on using Chinese In recent years, satellite imagery has shown China’s increased two radars, mast and up to 72 missiles attack in Pakistan’s history. Delhi forces to protect BRI projects. But in protecting people and assets, efforts to reclaim land in the South China Sea by physically increas- Jammu & Range: 120 to 400 km, depending on Following the Peshawar school attack, Pakistani political par- Balochistan China may also increasingly find itself drawn into the local secu- ing the size of islands or creating new islands altogether. In addi- Islamabad Kashmir missiles deployed ties agreed on a comprehensive National Action Plan to combat ter- rity affairs. As China’s Global Times recently argued, “China has tion to piling sand onto existing reefs, China has constructed ports, CHINA’S NATIONAL DEFENCE Targets: Hostile aircraft, missiles, rorism and extremist ideology across the country, and Sharif lifted INDIA always adhered to the principle of non-interference in the internal military installations, and airstrips—particularly in the Paracel and Sargodha stealth jets, drones Sindh Himachal the death penalty moratorium to allow the execution of convicted affairs of other countries, but that doesn’t mean Beijing can turn a Spratly Islands, where it has twenty and seven outposts respec- Missile speed: 17,000 kmph. Faster Lahore Pradesh than any aircraft

terrorists. After nearly two years, in June 2016 the Pakistani military deaf ear to the demands of Chinese enterprises in protecting their tively. China has militarized Woody Island by deploying fighter jets, eng.chinamil.com.cn /Hu Jing & Sun Zhenqi Punjab 3 IN THE NEW ERA Reaction time: Vehicle stopping to declared that the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) had overseas investments.” cruise missiles, and a radar system. China’s claims threaten SLOCs, Quetta missile firing is 5 minutes & STRATEGY been cleared of militants. Pakistan Army claimed that roughly 3,500 which are important maritime passages that facilitate trade and the & STRATEGY Haryana & STRATEGY

Arabian PERSPECTIVES PERSPECTIVES Numbers ordered: 5 systems militants were killed and 500 Pakistani soldiers had died in the Sea South China Sea movement of naval forces. PERSPECTIVES clearing operations. China claims sovereignty over the South China Sea, estimated to The United States has challenged China’s assertive territorial The tenth Defence Whitepaper was released by China on July 24, 2019. From 1998 to 2010 China has issued a PAKISTAN have 11 billion barrels of untapped oil, 190 trillion cubic feet of nat- Despite Pakistan Govt’s declaration of success; on the one Areas dominated by different major ethnic groups claims and land reclamation efforts by conducting FONOPs and defence white paper every two years. The previous Whitepaper was published in 2015. hand TTP and other militants continue to carry out major attacks ural gas and fishing areas. Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, bolstering support for Southeast Asian partners. Japan has sold mil- e.g. March 27, 2016, Lahore Gulshan-e-Iqbal Park Easter suicide Taiwan, and Vietnam have competing claims. Since the 1970s, itary ships and equipment to the Philippines and Vietnam in order Lt General Subrata Saha (Retd), Military Expert and Consulting Editor, SP’s Military Yearbook analyses the attack and the 8th August 2016 suicide bombing in the Quetta Govt Rich in natural resources like natural gas, oil, coal, copper, sulphur, countries began to claim islands and various zones in the South to improve their maritime security capacity. The US defense treaty White Paper put out by China. hospital; on the other hand Pakistan Army and ISI provide support fluoride and gold, this is the least developed province in Pakistan. China Sea, such as the Spratly Islands. with Manila could draw them into a potential China-Philippines to the Haqqani network, Lashkar-e-Taiba, and other militant proxy Sunni Islam is the predominant religion. China maintains that under international law, foreign militaries conflict over the substantial natural gas deposits or lucrative fishing groups that carry out attacks in Afghanistan and India. Attacks The conflict in Balochistan is one of “nationalist/self-determi- are not allowed to conduct intelligence-gathering activities, such grounds in disputed territory.4 Karachi TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY claimed by the Islamic State in Pakistan are also a cause of concern nation”. The Balochistan Liberation Army, designated as a terrorist as reconnaissance flights, in its exclusive economic zone (EEZ). India supports freedom of navigation and over flight, unimped- oday, with their THE STATE COUNCIL INFORMATION OFFICE has entered a new era. INDIA as many fighting under the Islamic State’s banner in Afghanistan organisation by Pakistan and Britain, is the most widely known ed commerce, based on the principles of international law. India interests and securi- The Chinese government are believed to be former TTP militants who fled across the border, Baloch separatist group. Other separatist groups include Lashkar-e- believes that States should resolve the disputes through peaceful ty intertwined, peo- OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA JULY 2019, is issuing China’s National a phenomenon that has raised fears of an Islamic State-inspired Balochistan and the Baloch Liberation United Front (BLUF). means without threat or use of force and exercise self-restraint in CHINA TAIWAN ple across the world FIRST EDITION 2019 Defense in the New Era to campaign of violence inside Pakistan. Pakistan repeatedly alleges involvement of India and the conduct of activities that could complicate or escalate disputes Arabian UN are becoming mem- expound on China’s defensive Sea In 2018 the US administration suspended security assistance Afghanistan in supporting the Balochi movement. The former Convention’s affecting peace and stability. 200 nautical bers of community national defence policy and to Pakistan over their continuing unwillingness to target militants American Af-Pak envoy Richard Holbrooke said in 2011 that LAOS mile limit Twitha shared future. China is at a critical stage of completing the explain the practice, purposes and significance of China’s efforts to who receive sanctuary in Pakistani territory and carry out attacks Pakistan had failed to provide any evidence to the United States Civil War in Syria building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and build a fortified national defence and a strong military, with a view South BUSINESS

in Afghanistan. More than $800 million in security assistance was that India was involved in separatist movements in Balochistan. PARACEL ISLANDS The civil war in Syria started in 2011 as protests against President BUSINESS

embarking on a journey of building a modernised socialist coun- to helping the international community better understand China’s BUSINESS China Assad’s regime. It quickly escalated into a full-scale war between suspended or redirected in 2018, and the US has cut off access for He did not consider Pakistan’s accusations against India credible. Sea try in an all-round way. Socialism and Chinese characteristics national defence. Pakistani military officers to US military training and education Holbrooke also strongly rejected the allegation that India was using THAILAND the Syrian government—backed by Russia and Iran — and anti- n LASER program based on a gas-dynamic carbon dioxide LASER BMD development involves high risk and brings a burden on programmes, in an effort to pressure the Pakistani government to its consulates in Afghanistan to facilitate Baloch rebel activity, say- PHILIPPINES government rebel groups—backed by the United States, Saudi that could reach 500 kilowatts. Scaling it up in power while the national exchequer. International collaboration with friendly Scarborough change policy. In June 2018 the Financial Action Task Force placed ing he had “no reason to believe Islamabad’s charges”, and that Shoal Arabia, Turkey, and others in the region. Currently, there are three EXPERT COMMENT maintaining the beam quality would be the challenge. nations which are willing to enter in mutually beneficial agree- Pakistan on the so-called “grey list” of countries not doing enough “Pakistan would do well to examine its own internal problems”. CAMBODIA campaigns driving the conflict; coalition efforts to defeat the Islamic n Feasibility of particle beams for missile defence is yet another ments and to develop ballistic missile shields for the future. India

to stop money laundering and terrorist financing. India too has categorically denied the allegations. VIETNAM State, violence between the Syrian government and opposition forc- promising technology. must identify its envisaged threats, evaluate its own technological Itu Abu Some distinct inferences can be drawn from the 2019 Whitepaper: The withdrawal of US forces from Afghanistan could increase The stakes in Balochistan have gone several notches higher due Island es, and military operations against Syrian Kurds by Turkish forces. n Space based tracking & Surveillance System for detection & constraints to face them and collaborate with international players 1. China is keen to position itself as the pivot for “world peace,” but with clear red lines defined on its core regional instability by allowing militants from Pakistan to estab- to the development of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) Spartly The Islamic State began seizing control of territory in Syria in tracking of ballistic missiles. Interceptors to engage incoming to build a missile defence architecture to enhance its air defence

Oslands INDIAN

“sovereignty, security, and development interests.” There is an endeavour to balance peaceful intentions and INDIAN DEFENCE lish safe havens in Afghanistan. Additionally, acute instability in and the Gwadar Port. Resource-rich Balochistan is at the heart 2013. After a series of terrorist attacks coordinated by the Islamic INDIAN missiles earlier in flight than would be possible with other mis- & nuclear deterrence capability and ensure nuclear stability in DEFENCE DEFENCE Pakistan has security implications for neighboring Afghanistan of the Beijing’s ambitious CPEC, which connects Gwadar Port in State across Europe in 2015, the United States, the United Kingdom, great power aspirations sile detection system. the subcontinent. Ballistic missile proliferation poses the greatest and India. The TTP is closely allied with the Afghan Taliban in its Balochistan with China’s Xinjiang province. The BLA is opposed and France—with the support of Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and other 2. China believes that “configuration of strategic power is becoming more balanced”. There is new found threat to regional security and needs an unfailing & perfect missiles battle against Afghan troops, and India fears that anti-state and to the CPEC, alleging that the project was aimed at exploiting the Arab partners—expanded their air campaign in Iraq to include Syria. BRUNEI confidence in China’s military power, consequent to technological advancements, modernisation, structural BMD for India shield against burgeoning nuclear weapons & missiles threats. state-sponsored Pakistani terrorists could be diverted against India. resources of the province. On November 23, 2018, three heavily- MALAYSIA Together, these nations have conducted over eleven thousand air changes in command and control and extensive training of the PLA. Missile defence is an essential component of national secu- The US is offering to sell systems to India. As India is pursuing Moreover, the vulnerability of Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal to attack or armed suicide bombers stormed the Chinese consulate in Karachi. MALAYSIA strikes against Islamic State targets in Syria, while the US-led coalition rity and defence strategies. It contributes to the deterrence of its own BMD, it welcomes any assistance from US and Arrow II

INDONESIA

The attack was claimed by the Baloch Liberation Army (BLA) has continued its support for ground operations by the SDF. Turkish 3. At the same time the paper also highlights China’s perceived risks from technological surprise and growing theft by nonstate actors remains a major concern for US and Indian adversary aggression and assurance to allies. Apropos, bigger system is the most sought after technology. India wanted to buy the 2 policymakers. which said it would not tolerate “any Chinese military expansion- troops have been involved in ground operations against the Islamic technological generation gap. It acknowledges PLA’s lagging mechanisation and it has to develop capabilities nations with expeditionary forces would require these two Israeli Arrow-II System from Israel. MRSAM/Barak-8 is a long-range ist endeavours on Baloch soil”. On May 12, 2019, Baloch militants Territorial Claims State since 2016, and have launched attacks against armed Kurdish moving ahead from ‘informationization’ to ‘intelligent warfare’. China’s rapid progress in developing unmanned kinds of BMD systems where as smaller nation can do it with an anti-air and anti-missile defence system being developed jointly by ASIAN ASIAN ASIAN ASIAN Balochistan Conflict carried out an assault in the heart of CPEC, the luxury Pearl China groups in Syria. Meanwhile, at the request of the Syrian government systems, AI and robotics manifests in its outlook for future wars. ASIAN Integrated Air Defence system capable of neutralising multiple Israel Aerospace Industries and DRDO of India. The Spada 2000

Historically Balochistan covers the southern part of Sistan and Continental hotel in Gwadar. The attackers were killed, but only in September 2015, Russia began launching air strikes against what WHO’S WHO Vietnam WHO’S WHO

WHO’S WHO kind of targets in TBA. Drawing a corollary, it is evident that kill probability is high, even against highly agile crossing targets & Baluchestan Province in Iran, the Pakistani province of Balochistan, after killing five people inside the hotel and a soldier. it claimed were Islamic State targets, while Syrian government forces 4. The paper emphasizes on “intensification of global military competition” and blames US for “undermining global Philippines strategic stability”. India would require two distinct kind of systems, one to protect can engage upto four targets simultaneously with Aspide Missile. and Afghanistan’s Helmand Province. The Gulf of Oman forms Pakistan has raised a special security force of around 15,000 Malaysia achieved several notable victories over the Islamic State, including the population/command and control/economic centers and As offensive missile capabilities continue to proliferate, missile its southern border. Mountains and desert make up much of the troops to protect CPEC and Chinese projects. As this force proves Brunei the reclamation of Palmyra. According to the US-led coalition against 5. Modernisation and restructuring of the armed forces is in line with Xi Jinping’s thinking of China’s future. In second to protect its forces in TBA. System akin to Ground based defense cooperation with allies and partners has gained increas- region’s terrain. Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan to be inadequate, Chinese companies are expected to rely heavily Reefs built by China the Islamic State, 98 per cent of the territory formerly held by the addition to evolving threats, priority is on loyalty to the Chinese Communist party, with emphasis on core military Mid Course Missile (GMD) can be deployed in hinterland and ing importance to advance missile defence architectures for our

www.spguidepublications.com (comprising 44 per cent of the country’s total area), but it is the on private security contractors, especially Chinese contractors that group in Iraq and Syria, including Raqqa and Deir al-Zour, has been into artificial islands

Abbreviations at the end of the yearbook the end at Abbreviations functions, discipline and curbing corruption. Integrated Air Defence system akin to S-400 is required for the protection, deterrence and assurance deepening interoperability in least inhabited, with only 5per cent of total population of Pakistan. employ former PLA personnel. Use of security contractors also reclaimed by Iraqi security forces and the SDF.

 Air Defence for field formations. missile defence systems. BALANCE REGIONAL REGIONAL BALANCE BALANCE | | 2019 | | 2019 | | REGIONAL 2 SP's MILITARY YEARBOOK 46TH ISSUE WWW.SPSMILITARYYEARBOOK.COM WWW.SPSMILITARYYEARBOOK.COM SP's MILITARY YEARBOOK 46TH ISSUE 3 REGIONAL WWW.SPSMILITARYYEARBOOK.COM SP's MILITARY YEARBOOK | 2019 | 46TH ISSUE | 75 WWW.SPSMILITARYYEARBOOK.COM SP's MILITARY YEARBOOK | 2019 | 46TH ISSUE | 101 CONFLICTS TO WATCH China’s Defence Whitepaper Ballistic Missile Defence The ten most important global conflicts to watch China’s tenth Defence Whitepaper, released on Ballistic missile proliferation poses great threat to particularly from the point of view of India and July 24, 2019, after a gap of nearly 5 years is analysed the region. All about BMD and how the S-400 will this region. by a Military Expert. defend India.

INDIAN DEFENCE THE INDIAN ARMY THE INDIAN ARMY ASIAN WHO’S WHO MOD ORGANISATIONS & CONTACTS OF ASIAN COUNTRIES: INDONESIA, JAPAN MOD ORGANISATIONS & CONTACTS OF ASIAN COUNTRIES: JAPAN WEST ASIA AND NORTH AFRICA: JORDAN CONTENTS CONTENTS CONTENTS

India’s Land Border Map Diagrammatic Layout of the Army’s Chain of Command INDONESIA: MoD Organisational Structure JAPAN: MoD Organisational Structure JORDAN Security Environment King Abdullah II of Jordan has had every reason to be pleased with him- Chain of Command self lately. Following the January 2017 inauguration of President Donald

Border with Border with  General Information

Afghanistan: Trump, he was the first Arab Leader invited to Washington to meet with China: the new administration. The visit was hailed a success by all involved— 106 km 3488 km Structure Organisation of Cabinet not only in terms of US-Jordan relations, but also as an opportunity for the King to caution Trump against moving the US embassy from Tel Army Headquarters Defence Ministry of Indonesia Prime Minister VEHICLES VEHICLES WEAPONS WEAPONS WEAPONS WEAPONS Aviv to Jerusalem. EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT (Integrated Headquarters of the Ministry of Defence-Army) VEHICLES WEAPONS WEAPONS The visit, however, was only a temporary distraction from the ongo- EQUIPMENT National Security Council Border with Border with ing security and political crisis that has been unfolding in Jordan for the last year. Jordan has witnessed a rising number of homegrown terrorist Nepal: Bhutan: attacks and security incidents. Additionally, the king’s apparent inabil- Border with 1751 km 699 km Ministry of Defence Minister of Defense Pakistan: ity or unwillingness to institute substantive socio-economic reform, end Regional Commands Army Training Command (ARTRAC) Army Headquarters Reserves corruption, and increase citizens’ rights has led to spiraling protests. Special Advisers to the Special Advisers to the (up to three people) 3323 km (Northern, Western, Southern, The growing threat of ISIS spillover from the conflicts in Syria and Minister of Defense Minister of Defense South Western, Central and Eastern) Training Establishments Reserve Formations Iraq—as well as evidence of rising militancy at home—has increased con- cerns that Jordan faces new security risks. While Jordan has long faced the & STRATEGY State Minister of Defense & STRATEGY & STRATEGY PERSPECTIVES Inspectorat General Secretariat General PERSPECTIVES threat of terrorism, recent incidents have renewed and heightened fears. HQ Corps HQ Areas/Sub-Areas Some in the Hashemite royal circle fear that Washington may not PERSPECTIVES Parliamentary Vice-Minister of Defense (two) fully appreciate the challenges they face. In 2017, US approved $ 450 Sub-Area HQ/Static Establishments million in military assistance, paling in comparison to $3.8 billion in Administrative Vice-Minister of Defense and Designated Sector HQ military assistance to Jordan’s neighbor Israel. King Abdullah repeat- Border with Vice-Minister of Defense for International Affairs edly clashed with the Obama administration’s narrow focus on ISIS in Myanmar: HQ Divisions HQ Independent Brigade (Armoured/ HQ Sub-Area Director General Director General Director General Director General Syria (and drew Jordan into that part of the strategic plan). However, the INDIA Private Secretary of the Minister of Defense King never appeared to persuade the president to his view for a broader 3323 km (Armoured/Infantry/Mountain/Artillery) Infantry/Mountain/Parachute/Artillery/ Strategic of Defence Planning of Defence Potential of Defence Strength of Defence Air Defence Artillery) Static Establishments push. This is the challenge that Abdullah faces again with the Trump TECHNOLOGY HQ Brigades TECHNOLOGY administration, and it may be that the rise in Jordan’s own domestic security challenges—coupled with the pressures that ISIS is putting on TECHNOLOGY (Armoured/Infantry/Mountain/Artillery) (Internal bureaus)us) Border with Area : 89,342 sq km the border with Syria and Jordan—proves effective. Indeed, the US-led Defense Council Regional Defense Bureaus Logistics Agency Acquisition, T Minister’ Bureau of Defense Policy Bureau of Defense Buildup Planning Bureau of Personnel and Education Bureau of Local Cooperation SDF Ethics Review Board Central Council on Defense Facilities Defense Personnel Review Board National Defense Academy National Defense Medical College National Institute for Defense Studies Bangladesh: Chief of Staff, Joint Staff Joint Staff Chief of Staff, Ground Self-Defense Force Ground Staff Office Chief of Staff, Maritime Self-Defense Force Maritime Staff Office Chief of Staff, Air Self-Defense Force Air Staff Office Defense Intelligence Headquarters of Legal Compliance The Inspector General’ Coastline: Capital : Amman campaign against ISIS cannot succeed if Jordan’s role as the pivotal 4096.7 km Arab state on the front lines of the crisis in Syria is imperiled. 7516.6 km Department of Research Department of Education Department of Coastline : 26 km and Development and Exercise Media Defence Maritime Claims

by them before August 5, 1965. In the 1965 War, Pakistan suffered Government of Maldives and while it did not involve much fighting, s Secretariat Territorial sea : 3 nm ARMY heavily in men and material with an estimate that Pak Army lost it demonstrated to the World the speed and efficiency with which Population : 1,02,48,069 Strength : 74,000 5988 killed and many more wounded. Pakistan also lost 475 tanks. the Indian Armed Forces could react. This period (1989 onwards) echnology and (Note: increased estimate reflects revised assumptions about the Force by Role BUSINESS The 1971 war between India and Pakistan was fought both also saw the start of the terrorism and insurgency in Kashmir and BUSINESS net migration rate due to the increased flow of Syrian refugees (July Manoeuvre BUSINESS on the eastern and the western fronts. India adopted aggressive deployment of additional troops in J&K. 2017 est.)) Armoured strategy on the eastern front and a defensive strategy on the west- As indications of Pakistani intrusions came in starting from s Office Islands: Ethnic Divisions : Arab 98 per cent, Circassian 1 per cent, Armd Div : 1 (strategic reserve) (3 armd bde, 1 arty bde, 1 ern front. On the Eastern front the Indian Army ably supported by May 1999, it became clear that India was facing an attempt by the Centre of Finance Centre of Data Centre of Public Centre of Armenian 1 per cent AD Bde) 1197 with the Mukti Bahini defeated four divisions and 30,000 para-military Pakistan to change the LoC using its regular troops. Air and artil- and Information Communication Rehabilitation Religions : Muslim 97.2 per cent (official; predominantly Armd Bde : 1 2094 km forces of the Pakistan Army in the thirteen days’ war. In the west, lery (155mm Howitzers) was employed with devastating effect to Sunni), Christian 2.2 per cent (majority Greek

Mechanised with additional a large area of Pakistani territory was occupied by Indian troops. repel the intrusions and claim back the lost territories. Thereafter, Orthodox, but some Greek and Roman Mech Bdes : 5 coastline On 16 December, Lt General Niazi of Pakistan Army surrendered a massive build-up by Indian Army was ordered in the wake of Catholics, Syrian Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Light to Lt General Aurora of Indian Army with 93,000 regular and para- the December 13, 2001, terrorist attack on Parliament House. This Armenian Orthodox, and Protestant denomi- Lt Inf Bdes : 3 INDIAN INDIAN INDIAN INDIAN nations), Buddhist 0.4 per cent, Hindu 0.1 per DEFENCE DEFENCE

military men. War on the Eastern front ended in a complete victory 10-month-long mobilisation along the border with Pakistan gener- INDIAN

Combat Support DEFENCE for India and liberation of Bangladesh. ated high levels of tension, led to some positive changes in India’s cent, Jewish <0.1, folk religionist <0.1, unaffili-

Joint Staff College Self-Defense Force Units and organisations of the Ground Self-Defense Force Units and organisations of the Maritime Self-Defense Force Units and organisations of the Air Arty Bdes : 3 military doctrine and hastened its military modernisation together JAPAN: MoD Contact Details ated <0.1, other <0.1 (2010 est.) The period after 1971 War saw the steady modernisation of Cooperative Cooperative AD Bdes : 3 Source: MHA Annual Report with organizational changes. Units Organizations Languages : Arabic (official), English widely understood the Indian Army with equipment for modern war. The Expert Contact Desiganation Organisation Address MRL Bn : 1 Committee under the Chairmanship of Lt General K.V. Krishna The influx of terrorism from Pakistan continued unabated. On Security Command SDF Intelligence Communication Systems Supervised Units of Self-Defense Forces (SDF) SDF Physical T SDF Central Hospitals SDF Regional Hospitals Provincial Cooperation Offices among upper and middle classes Takeshi IWAYA Minister of Defense Ministry of Defense 5-1 Honmura-cho, Ichigaya, Equipment by Type Rao submitted its report in 1976. Some of its major recommenda- September 18, 2016, four terrorists from Pakistan struck a brigade Literacy : 95.4 per cent Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8801, Japan Government : Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy Armoured Fighting Vehicles

tions started getting implemented in the eighties. The expansion of headquarters administrative base at Uri and killed 17 unarmed Suffrage : 18 years of age; universal MBTs : 572: 390 FV4034 Challenger 1 (Al Hussein); 182 n major misreading of the prevailing geopolitical climate react was tested in the Rann of Kutch. In the second phase trouble mechanized forces was achieved as a result of this report. and unsuspecting soldiers in their tents. On the night of September Kenji HARADA State Minister of Defense Ministry of Defense 5-1 Honmura-cho, Ichigaya, Administrative M60 Phoenix; (274 FV4030/2 Khalid in store) n total disconnect between the military and political leadership was fomented in Kashmir. In the third phase an attempt was made On April 13, 1984, 34 soldiers of the Indian Army landed west 28-29, Indian Army’s Special Forces struck at seven launch pads of Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8801, Japan

raining School Divisions : 12 governorates Lt Tks : (19 FV101 Scorpion; in store) ASIAN ASIAN n the terrorists across the line of control along a frontage of about 200 ASIAN inability of some in the military leadership to see the situation to bottle up the Indian Army in Jammu and Kashmir by sealing of Siachen glacier and occupied the Bilafond La pass. This was the Takako SUZUKI Parliamentary Vice-Minister of Ministry of Defense 5-1 Honmura-cho, Ichigaya, ASLT : 141 B1 Centauro ASIAN WHO’S WHO in the right perspective the supply line in Chhamb-Jaurian sector of Jammu. Pakistan’s opening move in what is referred to as Operation Meghdoot between km in two different Corps Zones thus achieving complete surprise Defense Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8801, Japan WHO’S WHO

Recce : 153: 103 FV107 Scimitar; 50 FV701 Ferret WHO’S WHO n and serious inadequacies in weapons and equipment adventurism was foiled as Indian Army succeeded in making gains India & Pakistan which continues till date. During the period July over the Pakistani military establishment and inflicted considerable Hiroshi YAMADA Parliamentary Vice-Minister of Ministry of Defense 5-1 Honmura-cho, Ichigaya, Defence IFVs : 678: 13 AIFV-B-C25; 31 BMP-2; 321 Ratel-20; The result of Sino-India Conflict of 1962 encouraged Pakistan across the international borders and along the Line of Control 1987 to March 1990, Indian Army saw action in Operation Pawan casualties on the terrorists and military personnel in the area. Defense Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8801, Japan Total Armed Forces : Active: 1,00,500 (Army: 74,000; Navy: 500; Air: 311 YPR-765 PRI to seek a military solution of the Kashmir problem. A modernised (notably Hajipir). A cease-fire was agreed upon with effect from where the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) was deployed in Sri Indian Army continues to face four types of threats and chal- 12,000; Special Operations 14,000) APC : 800+ Pakistan Army with an edge over India in armour, artillery and air- September 23, 1965 with UN efforts. The Tashkent Declaration and Lanka in accordance with the Indo-Sri Lankan accord of July 29, lenges including traditional threats from China and Pakistan; General Koji YAMAZAKI Chief of Staff, Joint Staff Ministry of Defense 5-1 Honmura-cho, Ichigaya, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8801, Japan Reserves: 65,000 (Army: 60,000; Joint: 5,000) APC (T) : 650+: 370: M113A1/A2 Mk1J; 200 M577A2

www.spguidepublications.com www.spguidepublications.com power prompted her to plan aggression on Kashmir in 1965. It was the subsequent agreement between the two countries led to the dis- 1987. On November 3, 1988, the Indian Army launched Operation contemporary threats in the form of terrorism; internal chal- (Excluding temporary or special positions.) Paramilitary Forces : Gendarmerie: 15,000 est, Civil Militia (CP); some Temsah; 77 YPR-765 PRCO (CP); 3 a three-phased programme. In the first phase the Indian capacity to engagement of forces and their withdrawal to positions occupied Cactus in Maldives to prevent mercenaries from overthrowing the lenges; and out of area contingency threats. Indian Army ‘People’s Army’: 35,000 est AIFV-B BALANCE BALANCE REGIONAL REGIONAL REGIONAL REGIONAL

2018– BALANCE 150 | SP's MILITARY YEARBOOK | 2019 | 46TH ISSUE WWW.SPSMILITARYYEARBOOK.COM WWW.SPSMILITARYYEARBOOK.COM SP's MILITARY YEARBOOK | 2019 | 46TH ISSUE | 151 314 | SP's MILITARY YEARBOOK | 2019 | 46TH ISSUE WWW.SPSMILITARYYEARBOOK.COM WWW.SPSMILITARYYEARBOOK.COM SP's MILITARY YEARBOOK | 2019 | 46TH ISSUE | 315 REGIONAL WWW.SPSMILITARYYEARBOOK.COM SP's MILITARY YEARBOOK | 2019 | 46TH ISSUE | 491

Indian Defence Asian Who’s Who Regional Balance Everything there is to know about Indian Armed Forces, Who’s who in 44 countries in Asia and Pacific along with GDP, military expenditure, security environment and Ministry of Defence, Defence Industry, Defence R&D the MoD organisation structures and contacts of listing of current military hardware of 45 countries in Asia and Central Armed Police Forces including Who’s who, 13 largest buyers of defence equipment in the region. and Pacific. organisation structures, profiles and contact details.

Crystal Gazing the Global MODERNISATION TECHNOLOGY Security Environment  West Asia – Ticking Time Bomb  IAF Full Replacement by 2035  Cyber Warfare  ASEAN Centrality – In Trap of China  Indian Army Right Sizing  Nuclear Calculus  China’s footprint from Indo-Pacific to Africa  Indian Army Modernisation  Satellites – The Force Multiplier  Challenges Before India’s Maritime  India’s Maritime Interests in the  Hypersonic Weapons AND MORE... Diplomacy Indo-Pacific  Future Super Soldier  Pakistan Factor in India and Afghanistan  India’s Defence Budget  Future Submarines  Indian Navy and Indo-Pacific –  India’s Business Environment  Artificial Intelligence Realism vs Posturing  Strategic Partnership in Defence  Turnaround in India-Russia Relations Production www.spsmilitaryyearbook.comFor more details, log on to:

>> Indigenisation Strategic Partnership for ‘Make in India’

In order to achieve the goal of self-reliance through ‘Make in India’, it is necessary to invest in long term indigenous capabilities through special partnership model

 Jayant Patil technological capabilities, Skills, Capacities upon the broad parameters of financial ation of potential Partners based on Mini- and Product Excellence to ensure opera- strength, technical capability and capac- mum Possible Criteria in the form of Go / s a recommendation of tional efficiencies. As evolved by the Expert ity/infrastructure. It’s a watershed policy No-Go (Financial, Governance & Prudence), post Kargil review committee, Group chaired by Dr Aatre, the Strategic that MoD has shown willingness to primar- followed by Segment Specific minimum the then Government opened Partnership model would have to follow a ily consider experience and competence of Criteria (Domain / Technical) and then the up Defence manufacturing to transparent process of selection of partner, potential SP in integration of multi-disci- Potential partners meeting minimum quali- Indian private industry, subject with clearly laid down criteria for prequali- plinary functional system of systems, engi- fication criteria are issued the RFP. They toA licensing, in May 2001. Accordingly, fication and final down selection and clear neering and manufacturing besides experi- team up with Foreign OEM from the short- issuance of Industrial Licenses to Private weightages for financial health, practices of ence in defence manufacturing, to identify listed Foreign OEMs by MoD and submit Sector began in mid-2002, and this opened financial prudence and transparency, tech- the SP given that the fledgling Indian pri- techno-commercial bid on competitive basis. the door for Indian Private manufacturing nology capabilities, infrastructure, domain vate sector may only have limited experi- Few unique features of the SP policy as sector to prove their mettle against the well- capabilities and track record. ence in defence manufacturing and even it is evolving include entrenched monolith public sector. The Suggested Model evolved through lesser in respect of final integration of com- l Appointment of Programme specific This opening up of the sector gave a series of stakeholder interactions and task plex defence systems/platforms. empowered Expert committee chaired positive signal to the Indian Private sector groups within the ministry. The “Strate- Through the Strategic Partnership by User companies and few large and long term gic Partnership Model” as approved and model MoD recognises that the routine l Appointment of Process Consultant players with proven capabilities, pains- incorporated in at Chapter VII of DPP 2016 defence procurement categories like Buy, (SBI Caps) takingly built through partnership with in May 2017 was seen to have undergone Buy & Make (Indian, Global) focus on short/ l Defining three levels of ToT Defence Research Laboratories during the certain conceptual dilutions over the ini- medium term contracts and such emphasis l Incentivisation in Price up to 10 per decades of “reserved for the state” era, tial proposal. Notwithstanding, SP model on “purchase of equipment” alone does not cent based on over and above stipulated invested to expand capacities to harness is arguably the most forward looking policy promote creation of a defence industrial eco ToT, Indigenous Content, Making India these capabilities. However, due to con- measure promulgated by the MoD in recent system. Achieving self-reliance and self- exclusive Global Hub, and building of tinuing nomination of Government owned times after introduction of the IDDM cat- sufficiency calls for assimilation of technol- indigenous ecosystem companies, over this decade India reached egory in DPP 2016. The Indian industry ogy, extensive indigenisation, developing l Inclusion of Price Variation Formulae the dubious distinction of becoming the selected as the SP, was expected to establish an ecosystem of Tier I, II & III partners and for inflation compensation Long Dura- World’s largest importer of Arms and complete production lines for the selected undertaking long term upgrades of the plat- tion of the Platform Programmes mounting balance of trade and weakening platform in addition to the existing produc- forms through R&D. The overall aim is to l Appointment of Specific Contractual/ of Indian Currency made addition of new tion lines created by the GoI in the DPSUs progressively build indigenous capabilities Administrative Mechanisms for long capabilities unaffordable. for manufacturing defence platforms within in the private sector to design, develop and term commitment of SP & FOEM The Indian Industry continued to suf- the country. manufacture complex weapon systems for l Inclusion of specific mechanisms for- fer from Gross non-level playing field with The key dilutions in the formally released the future needs of the Armed Forces. This rationalisation of Advance Bank Guar- respect to the Foreign OEMs competing for SP model were that the original concept will be an important step towards meeting antees for uniqueness of Platform Indian acquisition programmes in India envisaged selection of the best suited part- broader national objectives, encouraging Programmes. While Helicopters, Fight- while the worst affected were the Private ner based on domain, technical competence self-reliance and aligning the defence sec- ers and Tanks are amenable to mul- sector with even larger non-level play- and financial stability, while the operation- tor with the ‘Make in India’ initiative of the tiple deliveries, the advance BGs can ing field with the Govt Owned sector who alised policy stipulates that this is instead Government. be adjusted against deliveries, for Sub- not only benefitted from nominated pro- done on L1 basis. The concept was that The SP selection thus focusses on Poten- marines there is a need recognised to grammes without competition but also such a partner selected through open pro- tial Partner’s ability to play the role of a address the requirement of BGs for all received grants for capex, and compensa- cess upfront would then be part of all sub- System Integrator by building extensive stage payments through the construc- tion against inflation as well as forex risks. sequent MoD’s deliberations with potential eco-system of development partners, spe- tion phases/milestones Prime Minister Narendra Modi gave a Foreign OEMs and leverage domain com- cialised vendors and suppliers, in particu- While methodologies of quantifying clarion call of ‘Make in India’ (MII) launched petence and track record to maximise indi- lar, those from the MSME sector. For this, incentivisation, assessing ToT/absorption, on September 25, 2014 and release of min- genisation by value as well as capabilities. the SP must possess appropriate financial ownership/licensing of IPRs, Price Varia- istry wise one year and three year work plan, Other key dilutions being that the rela- strength, technical capability and capacity/ tion Formulae, Contractual/Administrative evolved through intense stakeholder consul- tionship may be contained to the current infrastructure. The process also recognises mechanisms/Rationalisation of Risk Cover tation on December 30-31, 2014. Defence programme (removal of long term cov- the differential indigenous capabilities of in the form of Bank Guarantees, etc., are Production was targeted to be among the enants) rather than on long term trust Indian Private Sector Companies to become still under evolution and being progressed, core prime driver of ‘Make in India’ to indi- based relationship and allowing existing SP for the four platform programmes under the fact remains that MoD is looking at SP genise the sector, create a much needed Govt owned Companies to be brought in as the SP model. Such a customised policy does model as a new beginning towards march- Defence Industrial Base (DIB) in India, and potential SP, on case to case basis, subject not find place in erstwhile procurement ing on its roadmap to indigenise the Defence target strategic independence. to order book, capacity and cost competi- focussed models of acquisition. Sector by following the additionality princi- It was articulated that in order to tiveness. This grossly exposes the Private The SP policy recognises need for setting ple to create a Defence Industrial Base (DIB) achieve the goal of self-reliance through Sector with Non Level playing field in total- up appropriate institutional and administra- in the private sector. ‘Make in India’, it is necessary to invest in ity. It is fundamental to understand that tive mechanism, with expertise in procure- While doing so MoD ought to ensure long term indigenous capabilities through the Government owned companies have ment, contract law and TOT arrangements, level playing field to the Private Sector special partnership model. been beneficiaries of massive financial within the MoD for effective implementa- especially when they are to compete with There is a need to build trust and create grants to create assets, capabilities, skill tion of the Strategic Partnerships. the Govt Owned companies. It is not out a “Strategic collaborative model for Long- development as well as multiple ToTs in Unlike the routine technical and finan- of place to consider costs incurred on past term partnering with select Centers of the past. These would enable the Govern- cial (two bid system) followed in Buy/Buy & programme awarded to Govt Sector Com- Excellence” in the Private Sector in addition ment owned companies to deploy the same Make programmes, selection of SP involves panies as benchmark costs, appropriately to Govt owned sector. Such a model needs assets and capabilities without servicing a three stage selection process i.e., evalu- corrected for addition of new requirements to be implemented for major “Platform Pro- costs, leverage learning curve benefits from and updating of technologies. Also MoD grammes” that define security capability past programmes (in a way cross subsidis- may resort to “reasonableness of cost” as of India, such as; Submarines, Large War- ing them) for competitive bidding against Ministry of Defence ought enshrined in G-G deals to firm up upper ships, Fighter Aircrafts, Large Electronic the private enterprises who will have to bound benchmark costs. Warfare and Cyber Security Programmes, make investments in infrastructure, capac- to ensure level playing It is pertinent to mention the global prac- Long Range Theatre Air Defence Pro- ity creation as well as more comprehensive tice that even in most advanced nations, grammes (Missiles, Sensors, C4I network) ToT and service these over the programme field to the Private Sector there are only one or two entities entrusted to differentiate and name a few. tenure and exposing them the risk of with construction of major military plat- Such model adopted from the Dhirendra becoming non-competitive and lose out. especially when they are forms and that Governments have devised Singh Committee report of July 2015 would Notwithstanding the dilutions in SP methods to benchmark prices for these mis- address the issues of Monopsony, limited model from concept to operationalisation, to compete with the Govt sion critical programmes. SP market size, uncertainties of business con- the SP model stipulated as chapter 7 of tinuity with fluctuating order books, along- DPP 2016 involves a three phased process Owned companies The writer is Whole-Time Director (Defence, side the long term need to invest in building of selection of the Strategic Partner based L&T-NxT) & Member of the Board, L&T

4/2019 SP’s Land Forces 9 >> Internal Security Equipment for Law Enforcement for Minimum Invasive Violence

Modern day law enforcement personnel have to operate in a more transparent society with increasingly complex laws of the land which include human rights where they are subject to greater accountability

Photograph: PepperBall  Lt GenEral Naresh Chand (Retd) tile containing a powdered chemical that irritates the eyes and nose in a manner aw Enforcement Agencies in similar to pepper spray. These projectiles India are generally of two types – are fired from specially designed forced those controlled by the centre and compliance weapons or modified paint- those which are under the state. In ball guns. PepperBall is a versatile and all types of internal security crisis, powerful non-lethal technology available Lthese agencies are the first respondents thus today. It is proven effective at ranges up to play a very critical and vital role in main- 150 feet (about 45 m). taining internal security. All the Central l Tear Gas. Since its effects were short Armed Police Forces (CAPF), Special Protec- lasting and not lethal thus was adapted tion Group, Central Investigation and Intel- by law enforcing agencies for dispers- ligence organisations, and Central Forensic ing mobs etc. Tear gas is a group of sub- Institutions come under the Ministry of stances that irritate the mucous mem- Home Affairs at the Centre. The state police branes of the eyes, causing a stinging and its various branches like intelligence sensation and tears. unit, commando unit, river police etc. per- l Stun grenade. A stun grenade, also form law enforcement role in the state and known as a flash grenade or flashbang, are controlled by their respective states. is an non-lethal explosive device, used This organisation model is similar to US, for temporarily disorienting a person’s Indonesia, Mexico, Spain and many more. PepperBall is a versatile and powerful non-lethal technology available today senses. It is designed to produce a blind- ing flash of light of around seven million Equipment Profile improved version of Glock 17 which was HK45. HK45 is a versatile and pow- candela and an intensely loud “bang” of The equipment will depend upon the role small enough to be concealed. Glock 19 erful firearm. This gun was designed for greater than 170 decibels. and threat pattern. In India the main threat has about four inches smaller barrel and the military, which means that it has been l Rubber/Plastic bullets. Also known as is terrorism/low intensity conflict operations is overall about seven inches (about 17.78 intensively tested for accuracy, power, and baton rounds, rubber bullets either made in J&K, terrorism in other states and Left cm) shorter. This model is ideal for carrying durability. The accessory rail allows it to from, or coated with, rubber or plastic to Wing Extremism (LWE). Thus the organisa- weapons undercover. Inspite of reduction in add laser sights and silencers. This is a big cause pain but minimise serious injury. tions which perform active/offensive role like size it still has a magazine of 15 rounds. reason why it’s a favoured firearm for covert In 1972, a shorter, lighter, more accurate CAPF, Special Protection Group and National Glock 22. The Glock 22 looks similar to operations. Another reason the HK45 is version with a PVC outer layer, known as Security Guard will require equipment tailor Glock 19 but it is slightly longer and heavier favoured is its recoil reduction technology. the plastic bullet, was developed, and it made to their role. Other agencies like cus- but has become very popular with both M1911. The original M1911 was was first used in 1973. It fully replaced toms, narcotics, investigation, intelligence military and police as it packs more power. designed in 1911 and was the standard the rubber bullet by the mid-70s, and and forensics will have equipment suited to It can shoot both 9mm and 0.40 calibre sidearm of the US military from 1911 to could be fired directly at a person, how- their role. Similarly the state law enforcing ammunition. 1986. Over this time period, close to 3 mil- ever they proved even more dangerous agencies will have equipment as per their role Military & Police (M&P) 9. The M&P lion M1911s were made. It is .45 calibre than the rubber bullets at short range. and threat. The equipment can be divided 9 has a Picatinny rail under the muzzle that and semi-automatic, which is why it was into various categories as follows: allows officers to install all types of cus- such a favourite for so long. Support Systems l Hard kill or lethal weapons. Hard kill tom accessories that include laser sights Colt M4 Carbine. The Colt M4 Carbine They have already have been mentioned weapons will include pistols or side and flashlights. Its weight is 0.7 kg, muzzle is mainly for Special Weapons and Tactics above and do not need much explanation: arms, close quarter battle weapons and velocity of 370m/sec and range of 50m. (SWAT) divisions who face some of the most UAVs. They are quickly catching up and rifles including sniper rifles. These weap- It can accommodate left-handed officers dangerous situations and criminals a police- the most popular are UAVs like Quadcopter ons will be fitted with suitable sighting with ambidextrous controls. It also offers man can face. This gun was designed for fitted with optical, zoom and/or thermal cam- systems for day and night depending small upgrades for safety such as the loaded soldiers who needed an assault rifle that per- eras for surveillance, snooping and to acquire upon the type of weapon. chamber indicator. It is in service in about formed well at close range and was shorter, proof that law is being broken. The stealth and l Soft Power Systems. These will include 23 countries including India. lighter, and became a mobile version of the reach of a UAVs is phenomenal thus 347 law taser, Pepper Ball, Pepper spray, Tear gas, Beretta Model 92. It was introduced in M16. This gas-operated gun has both single enforcing agencies in the US employ them. Rubber bullets, Pellet guns and some 1975. It is constructed out of a lightweight fire and automatic option. It also offers cus- other types of sprays, stun grenades. aluminium alloy that is comparable to the tom add-on capabilities like scopes, lasers, Foliage penetrating radar l Support Systems. Key support systems are: one used for aircrafts and has the open-side and night vision devices. This is a great option This is essential for heavily wooded areas • Body Armour design that Beretta is noted for. Because of for law enforcement agencies to keep on hand where the LWE operate. SRC a US company • UAVs its design it is one of the most durable guns for when the worst case scenario unfolds. has developed both airborne and ground- • Body Cameras available. The M9 Beretta pistol is also a Remington 870. One of the most based radars that can detect moving tar- • Modern communications including standard Army sidearm which has replaced favoured shotguns is the Remington 870. gets through dense foliage. Israel Aerospace voice, data and mobile the M1911A1 pistol in .45 calibre. The Each gun undergoes a 23 station check to Industries has unveiled its ELM-2112FP- per- • GPS tracker 92FS version is a double/single-action semi- ensure every component is up to standard. sistent surveillance foliage penetration radar. • Ballistic Shield for urban missions automatic pistol that employs an open-slide, Its length varies from 946mm to 1,280mm • Robots for clearing bomb, mines, short-recoil delayed locking-block system, and weighs 2.2 to 2.6 kg. It has pump action Indian Perspective explosives and bobby traps which yields a faster cycle time. There is a and various scopes can be mounted on it. The standard equipment for a constable on • Day and night surveillance devices lighter version named 92SB. Beretta has their beat is the lathi normally made of bam- • Narcotic identification devices e.g. also released an automatic model called Soft Power Systems boo but recently polymer ones have been required for BSF on the Punjab bor- 92C during 1990. l Taser. A non-lethal weapon that fires introduced. The riot police have numerous der due to heavy drug smuggling Sig Sauer P226. The Sig Sauer P226 two small barbed darts intended to other equipment which includes tear gas, from Pakistan was designed as an upgrade to the P220. puncture the skin and remain attached tasers etc. • Cameras and other special systems Its original intent was for use by the mili- to the target. The darts through their Indian police generally use a Pistol for K9(dogs) tary officers. It has a larger capacity than connection to an electric source, deliver Auto 9mm 1A or a Glock 17. The other fire • Body apparel which can include spe- its predecessors at 15 rounds. It also has an electric current to disrupt voluntary arms are 7.62 1A Self Loading Rifles, and cial gloves, boots, helmets etc. ambidextrous catch that makes it a favou- control of muscles, causing “neuromus- SAF Carbine 2A1s which now have been rite among left-handed officers. Its action cular incapacitation.” The effects may replaced by AK-47 and INSAS rifles. Some Hard kill is mechanically locked and recoil operated only be localised pain or strong involun- special units in the state and CAPF use auto- Details of some types of pistols or side arms with 10/12/13/15-round magazine. The tary long muscle contractions, based on matic weapons such as AK-47, AKM, INSAS are given below: extended barrel provides extra accuracy, the type of Taser system used. assault rifles and Bren guns. Police special Glock 19. During 1988 Glock intro- which is the main reason why agents from l Pepper Ball. A pepper-spray projectile, forces and SWAT units use Heckler and Koch duced the Glock 19 which became popu- the FBI, US Coast Guard, and Navy SEALS also called a pepper-spray ball, pepper-ball MP5s, Brügger and Thomet MP9s, AK-103s,

SP www.spslandforces.com lar for its lightweight design. It was an all favour the Sig Sauer P226. or pepper-spray pellet is a frangible projec- and M4A1 Carbines and many more.

10 SP’s Land Forces 4/2019 STRONG SUPPORT

CIVILIAN AND LAW ENFORCEMENT WEAPONS

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annual arms sales and maintains military-technical A Moscow, Russian Federation cooperation with over 100 countries worldwide. Phone: +7 (495) 534 61 83 Fax: +7 (495) 534 61 53 E-mail: [email protected] www.roe.ru >> NIGHT VISION Defeat the Night with Image Intensifiers Sensor fusion combines image intensifier and thermal imaging technologies into one device. Such a combination enables a user to view the image in much greater part of the light spectrum which spans from visible to near-infrared to long-wave infrared and to see the image in the visible and thermal spectrum.

Photograph: Trijicon  Lt GenEral Naresh Chand (Retd) tance gain’ is used for image intensifiers having sensitivity in the visible region. mage intensifiers were primar- ‘Radiant emittance gain’ and ‘photon gain’ ily developed for night time viewing are used for image intensifiers intended to and surveillance under moonlight or detect invisible light or monochromatic starlight conditions. They are capable light. ‘Luminous Gain’ is the ratio of the of detecting and amplifying low-light- phosphor screen luminous emittance to Ilevel images to appear as contrast sharp the illuminance incident on the photo- images. Over a period of time, image inten- cathode etc. sifiers have started covering a wide range of EBI (Equivalent Background applications to include military, industrial Input). This indicates the input illumi- products, inspection and scientific research, nance required to produce a luminous emit- especially when combined with charge- tance from the phosphor screen, equal to coupled device (CCD) or Intensified CCD that obtained when the input illuminance (ICCD) cameras. on the photocathode is zero. Dark Count. The dark count is usually The science and technology behind expressed as the number of bright spots per image intensifiers square cm on the photocathode measured In a typical image intensifier there are three for a period of one second. Cooling the pho- components and processes which include tocathode is very effective in reducing the a photocathode which converts light into dark count. photoelectrons, a microchannel plate (MCP) that multiplies electrons, and a phosphor Sensor fusion screen that reconverts electrons into light. Sensor fusion combines the positive quali- These are arranged in an vacuum tube. ties of the image intensifier and thermal Types. Types of image intensifiers are US Army soldiers use durable and versatile Trijicon optics on their weapons imaging technologies into one device. often broadly classified by “generation”. Such a combination enables a user to The first generation refers to image intensi- shutter by varying the potential between an approach can be used in a 3-stage MCP view the image in much greater part of fiers that do not use an MCP and where the the photocathode and the MCP-in. by this for use in a wide spectrum of applications the light spectrum which spans from vis- gain is usually no greater than 100 times. potential difference towards the MCP and from extremely low light levels to light lev- ible to near-infrared to long-wave infrared. The second generation image intensifiers multiplied there. The gate function is very els having motion images. The combination enables the viewer to see use MCPs for electron multiplication. MCPs effective when analysing high-speed optical Hamamatsu Photonics’ Filmless the image in the visible and thermal spec- using a single-stage MCP have a gain of phenomenon. Gated image intensifiers and MCP. Hamamatsu Photonics is a leading trum. The sensor fusion technology has about 10000, while those using a 3-stage Intense CCDs having a gate function are company of light technology and products led to the development of new night-vision MCP offer a much higher gain of more than capable of capturing instantaneous images and have designed filmless MCP. In conven- technologies and devices like the enhanced 10 million. of high-speed optical phenomenon while tional image intensifiers having a crystal- night-vision goggle (ENVG) that combines a Photocathode material. A variety of excluding extraneous signals. line photocathode, a thin film is deposited thermal imager with an image intensifier. photocathodes materials are currently in Single stage and three stage image over the surface of the MCP to prevention The image intensifier works like a standard use. Of these, photocathodes made of semi- intensifiers and EM-CCD (Electron- feedback. The company claims that their NVG in this system but image from the ther- conductor crystals such as Gallium Arse- Multiplying Gain-CCD) Cameras. improved fabrication method successfully mal sensor is seen through a video display. nide (GaAs) and GsAs Phosphide (GsAsP) Image intensifiers and EM-CCD cameras eliminates the thin film which eliminates Both the inputs are then optically overlaid are called “third generation”. These photo- using a single stage MCP have been used the loss of electrons passing through the to provide a fused image. Developments are cathodes offer extremely high sensitivity. in low-light-level imaging. However, these MCP and therefore improves the signal- on to combine the video output of a thermal Conversion into photoelectrons. imaging devices cannot capture a clear to-noise ratio by more than 20 per cent imager directly with the video output of an The number of photoelectrons emitted at image when the light level is lower than as compared to filmed image intensifiers electronic output image intensifier. These the first stage is directly proportional to the 10-5 lx (Lux). Image intensifiers using a with longer life. Combining their filmless new devices would then display a complete intensity of the input light. These electrons 3-stage MCP are ideal for photon (a photon MCP fabrication technology with the high- digitally fused image through HMD (head- are then accelerated by a voltage applied is the smallest quantum of electromag- sensitivity GaAs and GaAsP photocathode mounted/helmet display) in a device known between the photocathode and the MCP netic radiation which is always in motion will produce better results like clear, sharp as the digitally enhanced night-vision gog- surface and thereby enter individual chan- at constant speed in vacuum) counting. images can be obtained with no chicken gle (ENVG-D). nels of the MCP. As each channel of the Image intensifiers with a 3-stage MCP can wire and images without distortion can be MCP operates as an independent electron be considered high-sensitivity image inten- obtained at the periphery. Combination of ENVG III and Family multiplier, the input electrons striking on sifiers. However, these have two operation of Weapons Sights-Individual (FWS-I) the channel wall produce secondary elec- modes, one of which is completely different Some common terms technology trons. This process is repeated several times from normal image intensifier operation. Photocathode Sensitivity Luminous The FWS-I, when mounted on a soldier’s by the potential gradient (a potential gradi- At light levels down to about 10-4 lx, these Sensitivity. The output current from the weapon, will transmit its sight picture ent is the local rate of change of the poten- 3-stage MCP image intensifiers operate in photocathode per the input luminous through radio to the ENVG III, which is tial with respect to displacement i.e. gradi- the same way as normal image intensifiers flux from a standard tungsten lamp usu- mounted on a soldier’s helmet. The FWS-I ent) across the both ends of the MCP and a by applying a low voltage to the MCP. This ally expressed in µA/lm (microamperes per is designed for the M4 and M16 rifles. The large number of electrons are in this way operation mode allows the 3-stage MCP lumen). Simply it is a guideline for sensitivity. ENVG will combine thermal imaging with released from the output end of the MCP. to provide a lower gain of 102 to 104 and Radiant Sensitivity. The output cur- image intensification technology. A variety The electrons multiplied by the MCP are is called “analogue mode”. On the other rent from the photocathode per the input of modes will allow soldiers to see in their further accelerated by the voltage between hand, when the light intensity becomes radiant power at a given wavelength, usu- goggles only the image from the ENVG III the MCP output surface (MCP-out) and so low (below 10-5 lx) that the photocath- ally expressed in amperes per watt. itself, or only the image from the FWS-I, the phosphor screen, and strike the photo- ode emits very few photoelectrons and Quantum Efficiency (QE). The num- or a combination of the two. Using a ‘pic- cathode which emits light according to the obtaining a continuous image is then no ber of photoelectrons emitted from the pho- ture-in-picture’ mode, the image from the amount of electrons. Through this process, longer possible. In such cases, by apply- tocathode divided by the number of input FWS-I is displayed at the bottom right of an input optical image is intensified about ing about 2.4 kV to the 3-stage MCP to photons, generally expressed in percentage. the image that is coming from the goggle. 10,000 times (in the case of a single stage increase the gain to about 106, light spots Luminous Emittance. This is the lumi- This combines the rapid target acquisition MCP) and appears as the output image on (single photon spots) with approximately nous flux density emitted from a phosphor technology and can effectively be used for the phosphor screen. Additional MCPs will a 60 µm diameter corresponding to indi- screen and is usually expressed in lumens surveillance, aiming weapons during day- add to the amplification. vidual photoelectrons will appear on the per square meter. light, darkness, adverse weather and dirty Gating Process. An image intensifier output phosphor screen. This operation Gain. Gain is applied to photocathode battlefield conditions. This system is being

SP www.spslandforces.com can be gated to open or close the optical is known as photon counting mode. Such spectral response range. ‘Luminous emit- introduced to the US Army during 2019.

12 SP’s Land Forces 4/2019 >> marketing feature Russian Civil Arms: Perfect Choice for India

Russian small arms have been of great interest at various exhibitions all over the world

Tigr-308 Vepr-95

Vepr-12 Saiga-9

uring the Army 2019 Interna- already signed with a number of unspeci- equipment is mounted in a manner that introduced in the design of the trigger to tional Forum held near Moscow, fied nations. It looks like Russia’s counter- meets the requirements of the user. The exclude butt-folded firing. the national weapons trade medi- parts were not named in a view of the exist- weapon is reliable and demonstrates flaw- ator Rosoboronexport announced ing USA sanctions to prevent unpleasant less operation when firing all types of 12 Main Characteristics a number of contracts with the consequences for the buyers. Gauge cartridges. The steel frame patterned Cartridge 9x19 Dinternational customers for the small arms After the adoption of amendments to after the RPK light machine gun provides supply of military and civil application. the Russian Law on Weapons in 2017, the weapon’s immunity to deformations, Effective range, m min 100 m “The Russian industry produces full Rosoboronexport was granted the right to as well as its fault-fee operation in various Overall length, mm 827 range of close combat weapons which have export civil arms to extend its traditional adverse conditions. Length, butt folded, mm 589 proved their indispensability in actual com- scale of the military-grade, law enforce- Barrel length, mm 367 bat situations, thereby earning reputation ment and security forces ones which has Main Characteristics Empty weight, kg 3 and respect in many countries worldwide. been delivered to the partner countries Barrel length, mm 570 The new contracts not only demonstrate over decades. The new situation has sim- Magazine capacity, cartridges 10 strong and steady demand for the Russian- plified a procedure to deliver all range of Caliber 12x76 mm made small arms and grenade launchers combat and civil small arms from a single Sighting range, m, max 100 TIGR 308 and related ammunition, but also indicate a source. Full length, mm 1,117 Carbine global trend of increasing demand for effec- It looks that despite the US unfair sanc- Length, buttstock folded, mm 865 The Tigr 308, ver. 02, is patterned after the tive equipment to counter crime and terror- tions won’t prevent the customers from var- SVD sniper rifle. It has a plastic skeletal butt ism. Rosoboronexport is ready to meet this ious Asian nations including police, special Barrel length, mm with a rotatable cheek pad. The fore grip is demand in full,” said Rosoboronexport’s forces and even hunting and shooting clubs Empty weight, kg 4.4 made of plastic. The receiver has a side rail Director General Alexander Mikheev. to purchase the Russian small arms. Magazine capacity, cartridges 8 for optical sights. The weapon features an Russia has been actively promoting Meet the characteristics of the most open sight. The barrel is fitted with a small- national civil and service weapons on popular Russian civil weapons below. SAIGA 9 size flame suppressor. the world market. The range of products Self-loading carbine includes the ORSIS T-5000 rifles, Saiga-9 Vepr-12 VPO-205-01 The Saiga-9 self-loading carbine is a deriv- Main Characteristics and Saiga-12 carbines, MR-18 shotguns, Smoothbore Weapons. Combat ative of the PP-19-01 Vityaz-SN subma- Cartridge 308WIN Viking pistols among the many. The State Semiautomatic Smoothbore Carbines. chine gun. Its design utilizes the blowback mediator is confident that India and South VPO-205 is currently one of the most effec- operation principle. The weapon is fitted Effective range, m Max 300 East Asian countries is one of the most tive tactical smoothbore rifles, capable of with a metal skeletal folding stock, plas- Overall length, mm 1120 or 1175 promising market for all the systems above accomplishing a wide range of missions tic fore grip and a pistol grip. It features Barrel length, mm 565 or 620 as well as for the Vepr carbines, civilian ver- facing security services. Its modular design an open sight. The carbine has a receiver- Empty weight, kg 3.9 sions of the Tigr sniper rifles. allows tailoring the weapons to the specific mounted Picatinny rail to allow for opti- According to Alexander Mikheev, the needs of the customer, while the availability cal and collimator sights to be installed Magazine capacity, cartridges 10 first contracts on the matter have been of special brackets ensures the detachable at user’s discretion. A lock has been Magazine capacity, cartridges 10

4/2019 SP’s Land Forces 13 >> SHOW REPORT / DSEI 2019 20 Years of DSEI: Latest Land Warfare Developments

Out of six zones that make up the DSEI event, the Land Zone stood out with a vast array of innovative industrial advancements throughout the event

Photograph: DSEI  Ayushee Chaudhary The firsts Even in its 20th year, DSEI was not short of ne of the largest and most primary appearances of companies, instru- significant arms fair in the world ments, vehicles, programmes, etc. Some of wrapped a successful 20th year, the first at DSEI 2019 were: held from September 10 to13, l A British multi-faceted engineering 2019, in London. This biennial company which is also among the Oevent under the name of Defence & Security leading specialists across the globe in Equipment International (DSEI) is a princi- the design and development of high pal event that brings together governments, mobility defence vehicles, Supacat, national armed forces, industry leaders showcased its latest High Mobility and the global defence and security supply Transporter (HMT) Extenda Mk 2, chain on an unrivaled scale. DSEI com- which it says “offers a step change in prises of five zones dedicated to different capacity with an enhanced suspen- branches of the armed forces, named as the sion system enabling the gross vehicle Aerospace Zone, the Land Zone, the Naval weight to increase to 12,000 kg from Zone, the Security Zone, and the Innovation 10,500 kg and increased crew seating Zone featuring the innovations of the entire from four to six”. defense and security community. l The BAE Systems’ Bofors Archer 155mm/52 caliber self-propelled artil- Land Zone Mobile solutions on display at DSEI 2019 lery system integrated onto the rear of Being the largest zone at DSEI, the Land a Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles Zone features the latest in vehicles, weap- UHF radios to utilise commercial L-band cal Transport Vehicle was also launched HX2 series (8x8) cross-country vehicle ons, ammunition, and equipment. This year satellite coverage (COMSATCOM). Sling- at DSEI by Jankel. With a payload of over with a fully protected forward control DSEI witnessed first-hand display of some of Shot provides reliable, secure commu- 3 tonnes, the LTTV has three core vari- cab is also a first. the most recent developments and innova- nications between widely dispersed ants for special operations support. l The German Flensburger Fahrzeug- tions from exhibitors from around the world military forces and/or civilian agencies l A Fletcher rocket launcher was also on bau Gesellschaft (FFG) Boxer Armoured through conferences, displays, announce- operating in austere and hostile envi- display during the event on the BAE Sys- Recovery Module (ARM) also made its ments and exhibition. ronments, without the need for deploy- tems Stand, mounted on the Level Peaks debut. The ARM with seating for the ing additional infrastructure. M205 tripod a Capco mount plate. commander and gunner weighs about Land Warfare Highlights l SIG Sauer (involved in the designing and l Rafael Advanced Defense Systems 13 tonnes and is a direct replacement Being one of the largest arms fair, it is no manufacturing of firearms) announced exhibited the Spike family of multi- for the existing mission module and adds surprise that some of the major and most the rewarding of a contract by the US platform, multipurpose, electro-optical substantial new capabilities to the Boxer. significant announcements of the arms Army to supply its complete system for guided missiles, with varying ranges up l Finnish company Patria also exhibited companies (both big and small) are wit- the next-generation squad weapons to 30 km, including the fifth-generation its latest Armoured Wheeled Vehicle nessed at DSEI. A few of them from this (NGSW) programme. This entails the Spike LR2. (AWV) fitted with the 120mm Nemo tur- year’s DSEI include: company’s lightweight machine gun, l Turkish company Otokar transported ret mortar system for the first time. Fea- l At DSEI, the Anti-UAV Defence Sys- rifle, suppressors and the 6.8mm hybrid its latest Tulpar tracked combat vehicle turing a high rate of fire, it can perform tem (AUDS) consortium revealed a ammunition. in the infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) a multiple-round simultaneous-impact revamped version of its counter-UAS l A new Universal Radio Group (URG)- configuration, fitted with its Mizrak-30 fire mission, in which five 120mm mor- (C-UAS) which has been designed to IV wideband High Frequency (HF) turret armed with a stabilised Northrop tar bombs impact the target at the same support mobility requirements in the communications system was officially Grumman Armament Systems 30mm time for maximum effect. land domain. The consortium, which launched at the DSEI 2019 by Collins dual-feed cannon and a 7.62mm coax- l UK-based MSI-Defence Systems has includes Enterprise Control Systems Aerospace Systems; aimed at land and ial machine gun (MG). made it’s first foray into the land-based (ECS); Blighter Surveillance; and Chess naval customers who require a cheaper l Space and power electronics engineer- weapon systems market with the launch Dynamics, has designed a lower profile alternative to SATCOM. The ground sta- ing firm, AEI Systems showcased its lat- of its MSI-DS Terrahawk remote weapon AUDS solution, called the Modular Inte- tion consists of Collins’ new RT-2200A est Venom Low recoil (LR) 30mm can- station (RWS) during DSEI. grated Pod System (MIPS), allows end- wideband HF radio and PA-2010 1kW non, which is targeted at installation l In another first, Rafael Advanced Defense users to ‘rapidly configure the system power amplifier housed together with in turrets and remote weapon stations Systems showcased its complete all-in- for intended missions including mobile other equipment in a moveable package. (RWSs). At DSEI, it was integrated into one Samson 30mm remote-controlled force protection; mobile short-range l Rohde & Schwarz displayed its new the Slovenian Midgard 300 Lite RWS. weapon station (RCWS), integrated with air defence; long-range surveillance; or WPU2000 wideband processing unit two Spike missiles and the Trophy Active ground-based air defence’. perched at the core of a next-generation Protections System (APS). Trophy is the l Four new small-caliber ammunitions electronic intelligence (ELINT) solution only operational, safety-certified APS, were showcased by FN Herstal (a leading devised to collect, process and analyse DSEI comprises of five providing combat-proven protection in firearms manufacturer) to address new complex radar emissions. the world against anti-armor rocket and threats faced by militaries as well as recent zones dedicated to missile threats, for light, medium and trends like environmental regulations. Display heavyweight platforms. The FN ARIA .50 RR rounds are designed With some of the latest vehicles on spectacle different branches of the l General Robotics, a company specialis- as reduced range cartridges, intended for transported by collaborations from prime ing in developing, manufacturing and ranges below 3.5 km. The cartridges do companies, specialist SMEs and manufac- armed forces, named as marketing advanced robotic systems not require re-zeroing or converted weap- turers, the Static Display occupies the center for defence and homeland security ons, and are intended to be used for train- stage in the Land Zone. Below are some of the Aerospace Zone, the applications, unveiled its new Pitbull-3, ing with .50 caliber weapons. the highlights and displays from the show: Land Zone, the Naval an ultra-lightweight remotely oper- l Two new payload-agnostic, modular l In the British Army Static Display area, ated weapon station for the first time. solutions have been developed by Chess a pod of six of MBDA’s Brimstone preci- Zone, the Security Zone It delivers highly accurate and reliable Dynamics, a principal defence and aero- sion strike missile (PSM) integrated onto point-and-shoot technology while pro- space subsystem supplier, to comply with a Milrem Robotics THeMIS unmanned and the Innovation Zone viding an effective solution for detecting increased flexibility in military require- ground vehicle (UGV) could be seen. and tracking all types of drones during ments and cost-efficiency in land-based l A new version of its Fletcher weapon featuring the innovations flight, and enabling their neutralisation surveillance and target acquisition. system was launched by Arnold as well as downing. l UK’s Spectra Group exhibited its Sling- Defense. The Multiple Launch Hydra of the entire defense and l Canada’s INKAS Armored Vehicle Man- Shot communications, a lightweight System (MLHS) was displayed installed ufacturing, a large manufacturer of system that enables existing, in-service on the Mercedes-Benz UNIMOG LTTV security community high-quality protective armed vehicles

SP www.spslandforces.com tactical military and commercial VHF/ platform. The LTTV i.e. the Light Tacti- made its debut at DSEI.

14 SP’s Land Forces 4/2019 >> News in Brief

India to hold first tri-service has grown in scope and complexity since it the DAC accorded approval for indigenous exercise with US started in 2004 as a platoon level engage- development and production of the main Publisher and Editor-in-Chief ment. Over 700 troops are taking part in the gun 125mm Armour Piercing Fin Stabilised Jayant Baranwal exercise. The Indian contingent is from the Discarding-Sabot (APFSDS) ammunition Deputy Managing Editor Assam Regiment, while US troops are from for T-72/T-90 tanks by the Indian Indus- Neetu Dhulia their 5-20 Infantry Battalion. At Orenburg in try. The DAC also approved procurement of Senior Editorial Contributor Central Russia, Tsentr-2019 commenced Defence Research and Development Organ- Lt General P.C. Katoch (Retd) on September 9 as a large scale multilateral isation (DRDO)-developed and industry- Senior Technical Group Editor exercise involving Russia, China and the Cen- manufactured Mechanical Mine Layer (Self Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd) tral Asian Republics Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Propelled) to improve automated mine-lay- Air Marshal B.K. Pandey (Retd) Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, besides India and ing capability with the Indian Army. Group Executive Editor Pakistan. TSENTR-2019 has an elaborate Vishal Thapar India and the US continue to scale up their agenda and comprises two modules. The first Indo-Thailand joint military Exercise Contributors military cooperation, with their first-ever module wi ll include counter- terror opera- MAITREE-2019 India bilateral tri-Service exercise slated to be held tions, repelling air strikes, reconnaissance Exercise MAITREE, the annual bilateral General V.P. Malik (Retd), Lt General Vijay off Vizag and Kakinada on India’s Eastern operations and defensive measures, while the joint exercise between Indian Army (IA) and Oberoi (Retd), Lt General R.S. Nagra (Retd), seaboard in November. Codenamed Exercise second will focus on offensive operations. Royal Thailand Army (RTA) commenced at Lt General S.R.R. Aiyengar (Retd), Major General Ashok Mehta (Retd), Tiger Triumph, it will focus on large scale the Foreign Training Node (FTN), Umroi, Major General G.K. Nischol (Retd), humanitarian assistance and disaster relief Indian Army to get Made in India Meghalaya. The aim of exercise is joint Brigadier Gurmeet Kanwal (Retd), (HADR) operations. India and the US have armour-piercing tank ammunition training of troops in counter terrorism Brigadier S. Mishra (Retd), Rohit Sharma been increasing the complexity of their operations in both jungle terrain and urban Chairman & Managing Director service-to-service level military exercise. scenario. Exercise MAITREE-2019 has Jayant Baranwal This will be only the second time that India been the face of long standing bilateral ties Executive Vice President will be conducting a tri-service engagement between India and Thailand since 2006. The (Planning & Business Development) with a foreign country after Exercise Indra 14 days exercise will be conducted under Rohit Goel with Russia in 2017. Defence trade between the framework of United Nations mandate. Manager – HR & Admin India and the US too has been increasing Both contingents will share their valuable Bharti Sharma steadily. An estimated $18 billion worth of experiences in the conduct of counter ter- Assistant Manager – HR & Admin defence deals have been signed with Ameri- rorism operations in form of lectures, drills, Pooja Tehlani can companies over the last decade. Reports India’s Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) demonstrations and skill-at-arms with an Deputy Manager – Circulation suggest that another $10 billion worth of on September 13 approved indigenous pro- aim to refine tactics, techniques and pro- Rimpy Nischal deals, are lined up with the US. duction of armour-piercing tank ammuni- cedures. The exercise will culminate with a Group Research Associate tion and automated mine-laying equipment 48 hours joint exercise which will showcase Survi Massey DRDO declares India self-reliant in while giving the go-ahead for military pro- the planning and execution of joint skills of Creative Director anti-tank missiles curements worth `2,000 crore. Maintain- soldiers while conducting any counter ter- Anoop Kamath ing focus on the ‘Make in India’ initiative, rorism operation. SP Design Vimlesh Kumar Yadav, Sonu Singh Bisht Group Director – Sales & Marketing APPOINtMENTs Neetu Dhulia Lt General M.M. Naravane Deputy Director – Sales Rajeev Chugh Vice Chief of the Army Staff SP’s Website Lieutenant General Manoj Mukund Naravane assumed office of the VCOAS Sr. Web Developer: Shailendra P. Ashish on August 31, 2019. Earlier, he was GOC-in-C Eastern Command. He is an Web Developer: Ugrashen Vishwakarma India’s Defence Research and Development alumnus of National Defence Academy and Indian Military Academy. He Published bimonthly by Jayant Baranwal Organisation (DRDO) declared self-reliance also has a Master’s degree in Defence Studies and a M.Phil. in Defence and in anti-tank guided missiles after success- on behalf of SP Guide Publications Pvt Management Studies. He was commissioned into 7 Sikh Light Infantry on June 7, 1980. Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this fully test-firing an indigenous Man Portable He has vast experience and has served in Counter-Insurgency Operations in Kashmir and publication may be reproduced, stored in a Anti-Tank Guided Missile (MPATGM) on Northeast India. He has commanded a Rashtriya Rifles battalion in Jammu and Kashmir; retrieval system, or transmitted in any form September 11 at a test-firing range in Kur- an Infantry brigade; Assam Rifles in Northeast India as Inspector General (North); a Strike or by any means, photocopying, recording, nool in Andhra Pradesh. This is the third electronic, or otherwise without the prior Corps; General Officer Commanding (GOC), Delhi Area; and GOC-in-C, Army Training written permission of the publishers. successful test-firing of DRDO’s MPATGM. Command (December 1, 2017, to September 30, 2018). In addition, he was an instructor Printed in India The DRDO seeks to shut the doors for import at the Army War College, Mhow and served as the Indian Defence Attache to Myanmar. of this category of missiles. Although the by Kala Jyothi Process Pvt Ltd © SP Guide Publications, 2019 Indian Army recently made an urgent pur- Lt General R.P. Singh chase of a limited quantity of Israeli Spike General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Western Command Subscription/ Circulation anti-tank missiles, a much larger procure- Annual Inland: `600 • Overseas: US$180 Lieutenant General R.P. Singh was commissioned into 1 Mechanised Email: [email protected] ment of these missiles was cancelled last Infantry (1 Madras) on June 12, 1982. He took over his present command [email protected] year after the DRDO indicated that its tech- on August 1, 2019. An alumnus of NDA and IMA, the General Officer nology for a third-generation ATGM was Letters to Editor has attended the Defence Services Staff Course, Senior Command Course, [email protected] close to maturity. The Indian Army has an Higher Command Course and the National Defence College. estimated requirement of 70,000 third- For Advertising Details, Contact: The General Officer has held various regimental, staff and instructional appoint- [email protected] generation ATGMs, and about 850 launch- ments including Brigade Major of an Infantry Brigade in Counter Insurgency areas [email protected] ers. It seeks to phase out the Milan 2T and in Jammu and Kashmir, Col GS (Military Doctrine) at Army War College, BGS (Ops) of Konkur ATGMs that it is currently using. SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS PVT LTD South Western Command and Additional Director General Discipline and Vigilance. The Corporate Office General officer has commanded a Mechanised Infantry Battalion, an Armoured Brigade, A 133 Arjun Nagar, Opp Defence Colony, exercises in the US and Russia an Infantry Division and a Strike Corps. New Delhi 110003, India Yudh Abhyas 2019, a battalion level exercise Tel: +91(11) 24644693, 24644763, between the Indian and US Armies, com- Lt General Anil Chauhan 24620130 menced at the Joint Base Lewis McChord, Fax: +91 (11) 24647093 General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Command Email: [email protected] Washington, US on September 6. Conducted Lieutenant General Anil Chauhan is an alumnus of the National Defence with brigade-level planning, the context of Representative Offices Academy and Indian Military Academy. The General Officer was commis- Bengaluru, INDIA this bilateral exercise is jointly countering sioned into the 11 Gorkha Rifles in 1981. He has held several command, Air Marshal B.K. Pandey (Retd) threats in a UN Peace Keeping scenario. This is staff and instructional appointments during his career and has experi- 204, Jal Vayu Vihar, Kalyan Nagar, the 15th edition of this exercise series, which ence in counter-insurgency operations in J&K and the Northeast. He has commanded Bengaluru 560043, India. Tel: +91 (80) 23682204 a Corps before he took over as Director General of Military Operations (DGMO) on Janu- ary 2018. He has taken over Eastern Command on August 31, 2019, from Lieutenant MOSCOW, RUSSIA LAGUK Co., Ltd, Yuri Laskin >> Show Calendar General Manoj Mukund Naravane who has taken over as Vice Chief of the Army Staff. Krasnokholmskaya, Nab., 11/15, app. 132, Moscow 115172, Russia. 14–16 October Lt General A.S. Kler Tel: +7 (495) 911 2762, AUSA 2019 Annual Meeting and Expo General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, South Western Command Fax: +7 (495) 912 1260 Walter E. Washington Convention Center, Lieutenant General A.S. Kler has taken over the South-Western Command www.spguidepublications.com Washington, DC, USA on August 31, 2019. The General Officer is an alumnus of NDA and IMA www.spslandforces.com http://ausameetings. and was commissioned into an armoured regiment. He has over 36 years RNI Number: DELENG/2008/25818 org/2019annualmeeting/ of distinguished service during which he has had extensive command and 28–30 October staff experience. He has also served in CI operations. He had earlier commanded a strike Bahrain International Defence Exhibi- Corps and his last appointment before taking over South Western Command was Direc- tion & Conference tor General of Military Training. He has also served as Chief of Staff of Army Training Bahrain International Exhibition & Con- Command (ARTRAC). The General Officer made a sort of record when he carried out a vention Centre (BIECC), Manama, Bahrain para jump from 10,000 ft at Nashik during May this year. Apart from training in para www.bahraindefence.com jump he has also carried out four successful ski dives.

4/2019 SP’s Land Forces 15 YOU CAN’T DEFEAT

WHAT YOU CAN’T SEE.

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