DOCSLIB.ORG

A Study of Water and Sanitation in Rural Villages of Lamjung District, Nepal: Challenges and Sustainable Solutions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Study of Water and Sanitation in Rural Villages of Lamjung District, Nepal: Challenges and Sustainable Solutions Master’s Thesis 2016 - 30 ECTS (per student) Department of Environmental Sciences (IMV) A study of water and sanitation in rural villages of Lamjung District, Nepal: challenges and sustainable solutions Gabrielle Hairabedian and Tara Bartnik Master of Science in Environment and Natural Resources - Specialisation Sustainable Water and Sanitation, Health and Development Acknowledgements We would really like to thank Ingeniører Uten Grenser, Norsk vannforening and Hjellnes Consult for providing funding towards our transport, living expenses and project costs in Nepal. Thank you to our supervisor and co-supervisors Professor Petter Jenssen, Manoj Pandey and Associate Professor Iswar Amatya for their insight and making this thesis possible. Thank you to the four community health and food security volunteers that received us in their homes: Kyle Hugo, Celine Smith, Cheng-Hui Wong and Elie Amkraut. Thank you to our two interpreters who made administration and deliverance of the survey possible: Manoj Pangeni and Sajak Upadhyaya. A special thank you to Shreerendra Pokharel for his guidance on EcoSan technology, we wish you all the best with your future endeavours. i Abstract Many people throughout the world still lack safe and affordable access to drinking water and basic sanitation. As of this year, only 83.3% and 53.1% of the population in Nepal will have ‘improved’ water resources and sanitation facilities, respectively. Improvements in water and sanitation infrastructure results in benefits to health, education and livelihoods. During March 2016, an investigation of the existing water and sanitation situation in Lamjung District was undertaken to understand the key issues facing the region. In total, 50 surveys were carried out in four different Village Development Committees (VDCs) across the district, working with the aid of four Peace Corps Volunteers (PCVs) and two Nepali interpreters. Simple Correspondence Analysis was conducted on all significant correlations to describe relationships between different variables. The results from our study were compared with findings from the 2011 National Population and Health Census, as well as other similar studies in Nepal, and this showed that Lamjung District generally has a better situation than other rural districts in Nepal with regard to access to water and sanitation. However, there were a range of issues found including insufficient quantity of water for domestic and agricultural use, poor accessibility and reliability of water sources, prevalence of waterborne diseases, a lack of protection and maintenance of water supply sources, low production of biogas, over-reliance on chemical fertilizers and inequality of access to water and sanitation between different socio-economic groups. Some of these issues were found to disproportionately affect marginalised groups such as the poor and members of lower castes, while some issues are more dependent on location and impact all groups regardless of their socio-economic status. By analysing the results and researching relevant literature, this thesis proposes sustainable solutions to all issues discovered. Concrete measures that could be implemented in Lamjung District are proposed, including implementation of sustainable low-cost technology to improve the quantity, quality, reliability and accessibility of water, and ecological sanitation systems which will have benefits both in reducing the spread of diseases and in improving crop yields through increased access to organic fertilizer made from human excreta and urine. These systems should be accompanied by better education, management and funding practices, which are also discussed. ii Table of Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 1.1. General introduction .................................................................................... 1 1.2. Objectives and research questions ............................................................... 2 1.3. Rationale for study ........................................................................................ 3 2. Background Information ........................................................................... 7 2.1. Geography, geology and hydrogeology ....................................................... 7 2.2. Caste system ................................................................................................ 10 2.3. Health ........................................................................................................... 11 2.4. Climate ......................................................................................................... 13 3. Lamjung District ....................................................................................... 15 3.1. Location ....................................................................................................... 15 3.2. Demographics .............................................................................................. 16 4. Research Methods ..................................................................................... 17 4.1. Survey........................................................................................................... 17 4.2. Field investigation ....................................................................................... 20 4.3. Limitations ................................................................................................... 21 5. Results ........................................................................................................ 24 5.1. Survey demographics .................................................................................. 24 5.2. Statistical analysis ....................................................................................... 25 5.3. Field investigations ...................................................................................... 26 6. Further Results and Discussion ............................................................... 30 6.1. Domestic Water Supply .............................................................................. 30 6.2. Domestic Water Quality ............................................................................. 44 6.3. Sanitation and hygiene ............................................................................... 54 6.4. Agriculture ................................................................................................... 61 6.5. Access to water and sanitation ................................................................... 76 iii 7. Conclusions ................................................................................................ 80 8. References .................................................................................................. 82 Appendices A. Coding of Answers to the Survey B. Detailed Correlation Analysis C. Rainwater Harvesting Calculation D. The Survey E. Calculations regarding fertilizer iv List of Figures Figure 1 - Distribution of nutrients and organic matter among domestic wastewater fractions........................................................................................................................................................... 5 Figure 2 - How farmers use the nutrient cycle to maintain soil fertility ........................................... 6 Figure 3 - Ecological regions of Nepal ............................................................................................................ 7 Figure 4 - Land type and physiographic zones of study area ................................................................. 8 Figure 5 - Tectonic zones of Nepal .................................................................................................................... 8 Figure 6 - Summary of key properties of the most widely-occurring aquifer types ...................... 9 Figure 7 - Water table fluctuation during the wet and dry seasons ................................................. 10 Figure 8 – Caste or ethnic grouping pyramid for Nepal ........................................................................ 11 Figure 9 - Transmission routes for disease from faeces ....................................................................... 12 Figure 10 – Map of GPS coordinates of surveyed households ............................................................. 15 Figure 11 - Giving a survey in Kunchha with the help of one of our interpreters ....................... 18 Figure 12 - Caste of participants in all VDCs surveyed .......................................................................... 24 Figure 13 - Correlation matrix ........................................................................................................................ 25 Figure 14 - Income categories of all VDCs surveyed ............................................................................... 26 Figure 15 - Housing materials and different features of the toilets observed .............................. 28 Figure 16 - Hygiene observations .................................................................................................................. 28 Figure 17 - Water sample observations ...................................................................................................... 29 Figure 18 - Water source types in Nepal .................................................................................................... 31 Figure 19 - Daily per capita water
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Climate Change Project Implementation in Lamjung
    Climate Change Project Implementation in Lamjung: A Case of Hariyo Ban Project Dil B. Khatri Tikeshwari Joshi Bikash Adhikari Adam Pain CCRI case study 3 Climate Change Project Implementation in Lamjung: A Case of Hariyo Ban Project Dil B. Khatri, ForestAction Nepal Tikeshwari Joshi, Southasia Institute of Advanced Studies Bikash Adhikari, ForestAction Nepal Adam Pain, Danish Institute for International Studies Climate Change and Rural Institutions Research Project In collaboration with: Copyright © 2015 ForestAction Nepal Southasia Institute of Advanced Studies Published by ForestAction Nepal PO Box 12207, Kathmandu, Nepal Southasia Institute of Advanced Studies Baneshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal Photos: Bikash Adhikari Design and Layout: Sanjeeb Bir Bajracharya Suggested Citation: Khatri, D.B., Joshi, T., Adhikari, B. and Pain, A. 2015. Climate change project implementation in Lamjung: A case of Hariyo Ban Project. Case Study Report 3. Kathmandu: ForestAction Nepal and Southasia Institute of Advance Studies. The views expressed in this discussion paper are entirely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of ForestAction Nepal and SIAS. Table of Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 2. Socio-economic and disaster context of Lamjung district ....................................................... 2 3. Hariyo Ban project: problem framing and project design ......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ZSL National Red List of Nepal's Birds Volume 5
    The Status of Nepal's Birds: The National Red List Series Volume 5 Published by: The Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK Copyright: ©Zoological Society of London and Contributors 2016. All Rights reserved. The use and reproduction of any part of this publication is welcomed for non-commercial purposes only, provided that the source is acknowledged. ISBN: 978-0-900881-75-6 Citation: Inskipp C., Baral H. S., Phuyal S., Bhatt T. R., Khatiwada M., Inskipp, T, Khatiwada A., Gurung S., Singh P. B., Murray L., Poudyal L. and Amin R. (2016) The status of Nepal's Birds: The national red list series. Zoological Society of London, UK. Keywords: Nepal, biodiversity, threatened species, conservation, birds, Red List. Front Cover Back Cover Otus bakkamoena Aceros nipalensis A pair of Collared Scops Owls; owls are A pair of Rufous-necked Hornbills; species highly threatened especially by persecution Hodgson first described for science Raj Man Singh / Brian Hodgson and sadly now extinct in Nepal. Raj Man Singh / Brian Hodgson The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of participating organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of any participating organizations. Notes on front and back cover design: The watercolours reproduced on the covers and within this book are taken from the notebooks of Brian Houghton Hodgson (1800-1894).
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to the Project
    Introduction to the Project Nyadi Hydropower Project (NHP) is a run-of-river type project, located in Lamjung District of Western Development Region of Nepal. In October 2006, Butwal Power Company Limited (BPC) and LEDCO had an understanding to develop the project together. According to this understanding, a new company named as “Nyadi Hydropower Limited” was established. The project has an installed capacity of 30 MW and will generate 180.24 GWh of energy annually. Project Location The entire project area (i.e. intake to powerhouse) is located within the BahunDanda Village Development Committee (VDC) in Lamjung District, Gandaki Zone as shown in Fig. 1. The NHP is located on the right bank of Nyadi Khola which is one of the tributaries of Marsyangdi River. NEPAL Bhairahawa (Nepal) Sunauli (India) Birganj (Nepal) INDIA Raxaul (India) Figure 1. Access to Project Site from Indian International boundary Fig. 2. Project location in Lamjung Access to Project site: The nearest road head to project site from district headquarter of Lamjung; Besisahar is located at Thakenbesi 22 km gravel road of Besisahar-Chame road. Road upto district headquarter Besisahar is blacktop. Besisahar is 185 km west from the Kathmandu and reach by the prithivi highway up to Dumre and Besisahar is 45 km from Dumre. Nearest Road head from Project Site be reached in following ways from the different parts of the Country. Technical Features of the Project Nyadi Hydropower Project is a run-of-the-river type project. The proposed system of the power plant will be run for its full capacity of 30 MW for about 5 months of the year.
    [Show full text]
  • Gandaki Province
    2020 PROVINCIAL PROFILES GANDAKI PROVINCE Surveillance, Point of Entry Risk Communication and and Rapid Response Community Engagement Operations Support Laboratory Capacity and Logistics Infection Prevention and Control & Partner Clinical Management Coordination Government of Nepal Ministry of Health and Population Contents Surveillance, Point of Entry 3 and Rapid Response Laboratory Capacity 11 Infection Prevention and 19 Control & Clinical Management Risk Communication and Community Engagement 25 Operations Support 29 and Logistics Partner Coordination 35 PROVINCIAL PROFILES: BAGMATI PROVINCE 3 1 SURVEILLANCE, POINT OF ENTRY AND RAPID RESPONSE 4 PROVINCIAL PROFILES: GANDAKI PROVINCE SURVEILLANCE, POINT OF ENTRY AND RAPID RESPONSE COVID-19: How things stand in Nepal’s provinces and the epidemiological significance 1 of the coronavirus disease 1.1 BACKGROUND incidence/prevalence of the cases, both as aggregate reported numbers The provincial epidemiological profile and population denominations. In is meant to provide a snapshot of the addition, some insights over evolving COVID-19 situation in Nepal. The major patterns—such as changes in age at parameters in this profile narrative are risk and proportion of females in total depicted in accompanying graphics, cases—were also captured, as were which consist of panels of posters the trends of Test Positivity Rates and that highlight the case burden, trend, distribution of symptom production, as geographic distribution and person- well as cases with comorbidity. related risk factors. 1.4 MAJOR Information 1.2 METHODOLOGY OBSERVATIONS AND was The major data sets for the COVID-19 TRENDS supplemented situation updates have been Nepal had very few cases of by active CICT obtained from laboratories that laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 till teams and conduct PCR tests.
    [Show full text]
  • Lamjung HRRP and Shelter Cluster Gandaki Province Situation Report No
    Gandaki Province Nepal Earthquake Response: Lamjung HRRP and Shelter Cluster Gandaki Province Situation Report No. 1 (as of May 19, 2021) This report is produced by Housing Recovery and Reconstruction Platform (HRRP) and Shelter Cluster Nepal, Gandaki Province in collaboration with partners. It covers the situation of Lamjung and neighbouring districts after the jolt of the earthquake and subsequent aftershocks in the morning of May 19, 2021. Highlights 5.8M 1. A total of 635 people are reported to be affected by 5.3M the earthquake and its after-shocks. 2. 5 people got injured with none death with approximately 1195 people (239 households) displaced. 4M 3. 245 houses are fully damaged and 395 houses partially damaged in Lamjung, Tanahun and Kaski districts of Gandaki Province. 4. At the Local level, Ward Chairpersons are leading rapid assessment and the relief work. Situation Overview On 19 May 2021, Wednesday at 5:42 AM local time, the earthquake measuring 5.8M followed by subsequent aftershocks of 4M at 8:16 AM and 5.3M at 8:26 AM, hit Lamjung district of Gandaki Province in Nepal as per the Seismological data. According to the preliminary source of information from local governments, 15 people were injured; 35 houses were fully damaged and 49 houses were partially damaged. The initial assessment of the loss and damage is ongoing by the local governments. The approaching monsoon is likely to impact on the livelihoods and access to basic services for these affected households Photo: HRRP impacted by this earthquake. People panicked and rushed Loss and Damage out of their homes as they felt the tremor.
    [Show full text]
  • Statistices of Strategic Road
    CONTENTS S.No Title Page 1. Foreword 2. Table of Contents i 3. List of Abbreviations vi 4. Introduction viii 5. Table-1: Comparative Chart of Road Length, Influenced Population and 1 Density (1951 – 2011/12) 6. Table-2: Total SRN Length, Influenced Population, and Area in Districts 2 /Zones/Regions 7. Table – 3: Distances Between Different Places on Mahendra Rajmarg (East 4 - West Highway) 8. Table – 4: Road Distances between important places via Mugling- 5 Narayanghat 9. Table – 5: Road Distance of District Head-Quarters from Kathmandu via 6 Prithivi Rajmarga 10. Table – 6: District Head Quarters not Connected with Road 6 11. Table – 7: Length of SRN with its Pavement in Districts/Zones/Regions 7 12. Table – 8: Road Length with Category and Pavement 9 13. Map of Strategic Road Network, 2011/12 10 14. Eastern Development Region : Road Length with category and pavement 11 15. Map of Eastern Development Region 12 16. Mechi Zone : Road Length and classification 13 17. Map of Mechi Zone 14 18. Road Network in Taplejung District 15 19. Map of Taplejung District 16 20. Road Network in Panchthar District 17 21. Map of Panchthar District 18 22. Road Network in Ilam District 19 23. Map of Ilam District 20 24. Road Network in Jhapa District 21 25. Map of Jhapa District 22 26. Koshi Zone : Road Length with category and pavement 23 27. Map of Koshi Zone 24 28. Road Network in Morang District 25 29. Map of Morang District 26 30. Road Network in Sunsari District 27 31. Map of Sunsari District 28 32.
    [Show full text]
  • Municipal Profile of Rainas Municipality, Lamjung, Nepal
    TRIBHUWAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING M.SC. URBAN PLANNING MUNICIPALITY PROFILE OF RAINAS, LAMJUNG Submitted by: M.Sc. Urban Planning/ 072 batch Submitted to: Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD) Acknowledgement We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Mr. Chakrapani Sharma, Deputy Secretary, Mr.Purna Chandra Bhattarai, Joint Secretary and Mr. Chranjibi Timalsina of Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD) for financial support, Rainas Municipality, Nepal Engineers’ Association (NEA) and University of New South Wales (UNSW), Australia for their encouragement. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our course coordinator of Planning Studio - I, Prof. Dr. Sudha Shrestha and also our tutor Ar. Nisha Shrestha for their generosity and encouragement in completing this studio work. Their valuable guidance, suggestions and enthusiastic support to complete this municipal profile is highly appreciable. We highly appreciate timely guidance provided by Mr. Sanjaya Uperty, Mr. Nagendra Bahadur Amatya and Mr. Ashim Ratna Bajracharya of IOE, Pulchowk for their valuable guidance and suggestions to prepare this municipality profile. Also special thanks to Mr. Prem Chaudary for his help throughout the field visit. The study team is highly obliged to Er. Dinesh Panthy and Mr. Dharmendra Gurung for their valuable help and support. We would also like to thank Mr. Nur Raj Kadariya, Executive Officer, of Rainas Municipality. Our special thanks to social mobilizers Mr. Bikash Gurung, Ms. Kala Lamichane and Ms Pabitra Chiluwal. We are also grateful to all the residents of Rainas Municipality for helping us by providing necessary information in preparing this municipality profile.
    [Show full text]
  • Nepal General Evaluation 1
    Nepal general evaluation 1 NEPAL A COUNTRY PROFILE Nepal is a land-locked country sandwiched between two neighbouring giants China (in the north) and India (in the east, south and west). One of the 49 Least Developed Countries (LDCs), with an annual per capita income of US$ 230, Nepal is ranked as 143rd (out of 175 countries) in the Human Development Index (HDI) of UNDP, and falls under the category of ‘low human development’ countries in the human development aggregates (UNDP 2003). Nepal, which stretches in an area of 147,181 sq km, is a land of enormous geographical diversity divided east-west into three distinct ecological zones: the plains (terai) on the south, hills and mountains in the middle and the Himalayas on the north. Thousands of rivers and streams that flow north-south bisect the landscape into hundreds of small hills and hillocks isolating the residents from each other and from the rapidly evolving world of information and development because of the lack of linking infrastructure (transport and communication). These three regions also display an immense diversity of human settlement patterns, population, land distribution, productive resources and levels of economic development. Home to nearly 24 million people, Nepal is a mosaic of over 61 ethnic groups who have their own distinct languages, cultures life styles. Officially, however, it is a Hindu State with a rigid caste system that compartmentalizes the people into 4-tire hierarchy. This caste framework finds a close nexus historically with the system of governance, in which the upper caste, the bahun and chhettri castes in particular, have always held the positions of power and privileges, and by virtue of their being in lower tiers, other groups are routinely discriminated against and deprived of accessing decisive State structures and institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Photographic Record of the Red Panda Ailurus Fulgens (Cuvier, 1825) from Lamjung District Outside Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal
    PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online OPEN ACCESS every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Short Communication The first photographic record of the Red Panda Ailurus fulgens (Cuvier, 1825) from Lamjung District outside Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal Ganesh Ghimire, Malcolm Pearch, Badri Baral, Bishnu Thapa & Rishi Baral 26 September 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 12 | Pages: 14576–14581 DOI: 10.11609/jot.4828.11.12.14576-14581 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies, and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher, the host, and the part- Publisher & Host ners are not responsible for the accuracy of the politcal boundaries shown in the maps by the authors.
    [Show full text]
  • FPIC Protocol
    FREE, PRIOR, AND INFORMED BY COMMUNITIES AFFECTED BY THE CONSENT EIB FUNDED 220 KV MARSYANGDI PROTOCOL CORRIDOR IN NEPAL FPIC & RIGHTS FORUM OCTOBER 8, 2020 First published in 2020 by FPIC & Rights Forum Lamjung District, Nepal Lawyers’ Association for Human Rights of Nepalese Indigenous Peoples (LAHURNIP) Anamnagar, Kathmandu PO Box No.: 11179 Contact: +977 01 4268510 Email: [email protected] We would like to extend our gratitude to all the participants, Report design by Rose Flanigan both Indigenous Peoples and people belonging to other roseflanigan.com caste and ethnic groups, who attended preliminary community level consultation meetings organized at Taal First Edition: 2020 in Manang, and at Ghermu, Archalbot, and Dhamil Kuwa FPIC & Rights Forum in Lamjung from 25 to 27 April 2019, and community level Lamjung District, Nepal consultation meetings at Dharapani in Manang, and at Ghermu, Khudi, Khasur, Archalbot, Banjhakhet and Dhamil Copyright © Lawyers’ Association for Human Rights of Kuwa in Lamjung from 24 May 2019 to 2 June 2019. Also, Nepalese Indigenous Peoples (LAHURNIP) our thanks to Khemjung Gurung (Chairperson, FPIC & Rights Forum), Chandra Mishra (Secretary, FPIC & Rights Forum), This book may be reproduced in whole or in part in any Dudha Kashi Gurung (Chairperson, Nepal Federation of form for educational, training or nonprofit purposes with due Indigenous Nationalities (NEFIN-Lamjung)), and Journalist acknowledgment of the source. No use of this publication Aas Bahadur Gurung, for actively participating in the may
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Province 04, Preliminary Results, Nepal Economic Census
    Number of Number of Persons Engaged District and Local Unit establishments Total Male Female Gorkha District 10,980 31,644 16,913 14,731 40101 CHUMANUBRI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 217 1,109 594 515 40102 AJIRKOT RURAL MUNICIPALITY 713 1,583 923 660 40103 BARPAK SULIKOT RURAL MUNICIPALITY 834 1,597 813 784 40104 DHARCHE RURAL MUNICIPALITY 534 975 498 477 40105 AARUGHAT RURAL MUNICIPALITY 883 2,563 1,374 1,189 40106 BHIMSEN THAPA RURAL MUNICIPALITY 711 1,521 819 702 40107 SIRANCHOWK RURAL MUNICIPALITY 842 1,934 1,080 854 40108 PALUNGTAR MUNICIPALITY 1,475 4,084 2,199 1,885 40109 GORKHA MUNICIPALITY 3,064 10,683 5,696 4,987 40110 SHAHID LAKHAN RURAL MUNICIPALITY 858 2,902 1,464 1,438 40111 GANDAKI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 849 2,693 1,453 1,240 Manang District 487 2,375 1,273 1,102 40201 NARPA BHUMI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 44 103 62 41 40202 MANANG NGISHANG RURAL MUNICIPALITY 177 632 409 223 40203 CHAME RURAL MUNICIPALITY 143 1,176 584 592 40204 NASAON RURAL MUNICIPALITY 123 464 218 246 Mustang District 775 3,105 1,775 1,330 40301 LO-GHEKAR DAMODARKUNDA RURAL MUNICIPALITY 87 234 125 109 40302 GHARPAJHONG RURAL MUNICIPALITY 295 1,347 870 477 40303 WARAGUNG MUKTIKSHETRA RURAL MUNICIPALITY 167 568 309 259 40304 LOMANTHANG RURAL MUNICIPALITY 94 267 121 146 40305 THASANG RURAL MUNICIPALITY 132 689 350 339 Myagdi District 5,065 16,397 8,321 8,076 40401 ANNAPURNA RURAL MUNICIPALITY 609 2,263 1,255 1,008 40402 RAGHUGANGA RURAL MUNICIPALITY 523 1,651 726 925 40403 DHAWALAGIRI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 677 2,163 1,116 1,047 40404 MALIKA RURAL MUNICIPALITY 673 1,848 799 1,049
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity, People and Climate Change
    BIODIVERSITY, PEOPLE AND CLIMATE CHANGE Final Technical Report of the Hariyo Ban Program, First Phase Volume One Main Report HARIYO BAN PROGRAM This final technical report for Hariyo Ban Program Phase One is submitted to the United States Agency for International Development Nepal Mission by World Wildlife Fund Nepal in partnership with CARE, the Federation of Community Forest Users Nepal and the National Trust for Nature Conservation, under Cooperative Agreement Number AID-367-A-11-00003. © WWF Nepal 2017 All rights reserved Citation Please cite this report as: WWF Nepal. 2017. Biodiversity, People and Climate Change: Final Technical Report of the Hariyo Ban Program, First Phase. WWF Nepal, Hariyo Ban Program, Kathmandu, Nepal. Cover photo credit © Karine Aigner/WWF-US Disclaimer: This report is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of WWF and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. 7 April 2017 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank very many people who have played a wide range of roles in the Hariyo Ban Program during its first phase. Our deep appreciation goes to the many Nepal government officials who collaborated with the Program in several ministries and their departments, at central, regional, district and local level. They include the Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation (MoFSC), Ministry of Population and Environment (MoPE), Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD), Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), and Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare. While there are too many people to name individually, special thanks go to members of the Hariyo Ban Steering Committee and Working Group, and in particular to the Program’s Focal Points in MoFSC, Mr.
    [Show full text]