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Syarahan Perdana Sustainable Ecotourism Destination

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Syarahan Perdana Sustainable Ecotourism Destination INAUGURAL LECTURE INAUGURAL LECTURE Jennifer Chan Kim Lian Delivered as Universiti Malaysia Sabah Professorial Inaugural Lecture on 30 November 2020 via live streaming on Universiti Malaysia Sabah Facebook PENERBIT UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH Kota Kinabalu • Sabah • Malaysia http://www.ums.edu.my 2020 A Member of the Malaysian Scholarly Publishing Council (MAPIM) © Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 2020 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, stored in a database or retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronics, mechanical, graphic, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sabah, except as permitted by Act 332, Malaysian Copyright Act of 1987. Permission of rights is subjected to royalty or honorarium payment. Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sabah makes no representation – express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of information contained in this book. Users of the information in this book need to verify it on their own before utilizing such information. Views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sabah shall not be responsible or liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary problems or damages resulting in whole or part, from the reader’s use of, or reliance upon, the contents of this book. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Chan, Jennifer Kim Lian, 1961- Sustainable Ecotourism Destination Development in Malaysia: An Integrated Approach / Jennifer Chan Kim Lian; Editor: Lindsy Lorraine Majawat. (INAUGURAL LECTURE SERIES; 8) Mode of access: Internet eISBN 978-967-2962-02-1 1. Ecotourism--Malaysia. 2. Sustainable tourism--Malaysia. 3. Tourism--Malaysia. 4. Government publications--Malaysia. 5. Electronic books. I. Lindsy Lorraine Majawat. II. Title. 338.4791595 Typeface for text: Times New Roman Text type and leading size: 11/13.2 points Cover and layout designer: Nataniel Ebin Proofreader: Marshell Kanam Gombor Editor: Lindsy Lorraine Majawat Published by: Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sabah Tingkat Bawah, Perpustakaan Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Printed by: Percetakan Keningau Sdn. Bhd. Lot 26, Phase 1, HSK Industrial Centre, km 8 Jalan Penampang, 88300 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Jennifer Chan Kim Lian Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy Universiti Malaysia Sabah CONTENTS Acknowledgements vii Synopsis x Sinopsis xii Introduction 1 Conceptualization of Ecotourism, Sustainable Development 6 and Sustainable Tourism • Contextual Issues on the Tourism Industry and Ecotourism • Concept and Definitions of Ecotourism • Importance of Ecotourism: Sustainable Form of Tourism and Economy Development Interconnectedness: Sustainability, Sustainable Development 14 and Sustainable Tourism • Concept of Sustainability • Sustainable Development • Sustainable Tourism • Ecotourism and Sustainable Development: Problems, Gaps, and Deficiencies • Characteristics and Criteria of Ecotourism • Malaysia Ecotourism Sites and National Ecotourism Plan • Ecotourism Attractions in Malaysia • Ecotourism Experiences • Importance of Sustainable Experiences • Co-creation of Ecotourism Experiences • Four Realms of Ecotourism Experiences • Review of Measures and Approaches to Sustainability of Ecotourism Integrated Approach to Sustainable Ecotourism Destination 40 Development • Sustainable Ecotourism Destination • Ecotourism Destination Dimensions • Sustainable Ecotourism Destination Indicators • Sustainable Tourism Indicators • Evaluation of Sustainable Ecotourism Destination by extending Butler’s Tourism Area Life Cycle • Sustainable Ecotourism Development Framework • Ecotourism Destination Development Stage • Extending Butler’s (1980) Tourism Area Life Cycle • Butler’s (1980) Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) • An Integrated Sustainable Ecotourism Destination Development Framework • Comprehensive and Approaches on Sustainable Ecotourism Destination Management Conclusion 67 References 69 Biodata 83 vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS irst and foremost, I thank God for all blessings upon my life and the great opportunity to deliver this inaugural lecture. FIt has been a meaningful journey in my academic career, although it has not always been smooth. I strongly believe that challenges along the path have made me a better person. As I was preparing this volume, many reflections flashed back from the day I took up my academic career. I first joined Stamford College Kota Kinabalu as a Programme Coordinator and Lecturer for Tourism and Hotel Management from 1994 – 1996; thereafter as a Lecturer at the School of Business and Economics, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, and was later appointed as Deputy Dean for Research and Development (2000 – 2002). As I reflect on my journey, I am proud to state that I have not compromised my integrity and dignity, even at times of unpleasant pressures and challenges. I am grateful to God that I made progress and achieved more than expected at these establishments. Hence, this success is not solely mine. It is also a manifestation of the achievements of many others that offered help and assistance to me, directly or indirectly, throughout the journey. I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all the Vice Chancellors of UMS. It is an honour to have served faithfully under the leadership of different individuals as they helm UMS over time. I am eternally grateful to the founding Vice Chancellor Tan Sri Prof. Emeritus Datuk Seri Panglima Dr Abu Hassan Othman for his concern and special approval on my PhD study at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland. Due to his approval, I had the great opportunity to learn from my supervisor, Prof. Tom Baum, and many other international scholars. With the useful guidance from Prof. Tom Baum, I completed my PhD and graduated under 3 years; and was reunited with my youngest son, Morgan, whom I had to entrust my mother to take care of while I was away doing my PhD with my other two children. Being separated with a young baby had been a great challenge. Viewing the challenges positively, it transformed into motivation and determination to finish my PhD as soon as possible. vii Upon completing my PhD, I was then appointed as the Deputy Director for the Centre for Strategic and Academic Management from 2008 until 2014. Now, holding the post as Director of Borneo Tourism Research Centre since 2015. I appreciate every opportunity given to enrich my experience through various positions. I record my sincere thanks to former Vice Chancellors Prof. Emeritus Datuk Dr Noh Dalimin, Prof. Datuk Dr Kamarulzaman Ampon, Prof. Datuk Dr Harun Abdullah, Prof. Datuk Dr D Kamarudin D Mudin and also the current Vice Chancellor Prof. Datuk ChM. Dr Taufiq Yap Yun Hin. The scholarly credentials of the present Vice Chancellor have become motivations to my passions in my work and research. With my grateful heart, I would like to take this opportunity to thank the Deans of School of Business and Economics/ Faculty of Business, Economics and Accounting, past and present, Dr Sarma Aralas (Acting Dean then) to whom I had the chance to serve as Deputy Dean (Research and Development), and the previous deans – Prof. Dr Rasid Mail, Prof. Datuk Dr Kasim Mansur, Prof. Dr Arsiah Bahron and Prof. Datin Dr Siti Maimon Kamso. Especially, my outmost gratitude and appreciation to the previous Dean, Associate Prof. Dr Raman Nordin for his undivided support, especially for his encouragement in establishing this lecture that marks another milestone in my career. Without him, this volume could not have materialized. Besides the management team, I would like to express my gratitude to my caring colleagues and friends who are part of this important journey and have contributed to the success of the book and the talk. Indeed, it is my privilege that some colleagues have become personal friends, associates and confidantes that I can count on. I thank my Faculty of Business, Economics and Accounting colleagues such as Associate Prof. Dr Nga Lay Hui @ Janice Nga, Associate Prof. Dr Awangku Hassanal Bahar Pengiran Bagul, Dr Tini Maizura Mohtar, Dr Rini Suryati Binti Sulong, Dr Arif @ Kamisan Pusiran, Dr Lim Fui Yee Beatrice, Dr Yeoh Ei Leen, Ms Sartinah Bt Ramli and Ms Natarsha Nadia A. Alidin at Borneo Tourism Research Centre, other co-researchers and collaborators, and administrators of all my research projects and consultation work and many others in the programme and faculty. viii Special acknowledgement and appreciation to my postgraduate students who had contributed their valuable time, support and assistance to ensure the success of the organized events and activities. I wish them well and all the best in their future undertakings. More than anything, my academic career and achievement reflect the accumulation of efforts over the long term, consistent and demanding struggle. I could not have achieved everything without the full support of my family. I am indebted to my family who stand through thick and thin with me throughout this journey; I give them all my greatest thanks. This volume is dedicated to you for being great persons in my life. To my most understanding children (Charles, Simone and Morgan), no words could express the love that I have for you. While there may be times that I need to handle demanding tasks at work, your understanding and sacrifices have given me the energy to brave all odds to give you all
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