ANALYZING THE NEED FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT A Case Study Of , .

KERIAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

Contribution of public transportation: This research:

Creating competitive economic activities Consisting of literature review, data and liveable environment for analysis and findings of public transport communities. study in the District of Kerian, Perak Darul Ridzuan. Increasing access to jobs opportunities, public facilities and social amenities. Studying existing public transport scenarios in August 2012 to November 2012 Developing key strategies, planning, operational data and issues relevant to the Containing information and analyses that current status, potential issues, and future contributes to a cohesive vision for a directions of public transportation in future transportation system in Kerian District. rural areas.

KRA 4 - mudah capai dan efisien kos yang bersesuaian. 4.3.1 - integrasi, kebolehsampaian dan kualiti sistem. 4.3.2 - memperbaiki masa perjalanan, kebolehpercayaan dan keselesaan.

INTRODUCTION

Perak Amanjaya Development Plan

Public transport current issues:

Integration between modes, infrastructure and facilities

Accessibility and efficiency, improvements to the quality of services

Level of services

AIM AND OBJECTIVES:

Aim: KRA 4 – Strategies 4.3.1 and 4.3.2

Objectives :

1. To identify the existing of public transportation systems and services provided in Kerian District.

2. To analyze the potential public transportation system and gap of demand and supply of public transportation in the study area

3. To propose community friendly and reasonable public transportation services for the benefits of the residents of Kerian.

4. To provide recommendations and suggestions for better public transportation services SCOPE

The scope to covered by the research are limited only to the following: i. Capacity ii. Passenger Catchment Area iii. Route iv. Facilities

KEY FEATURES OF PROJECT

• Integrated public transportation • Public transport operation and development SURVEY REQUIREMENT

DATA SCOPE SOURCE OUTPUT a. time headway (minute), b. cycle time (minute), c. number of trips (trip/bus/day), and d. travel distance (km/bus/day). • Bus & taxi route • Capacity network Operator and • Passenger operating system Bus / taxi / terminal operator Catchment Area • Frequencies table for Fare and Ticketing • Route bus & taxi operators, Route and Scheduling • Facilities fares, schedule Terminal and Bus Stop Facilities Operating Speed in Mixed Traffic Stage Bus Service Characteristics Regularity of Bus Service FIELD SURVEY CHECKLIST

TYPES OF NO OF DATA WHAT TO FIND EQUIPMENT TIME FRAME SURVEY PERSON a. time headway (minute), i. Stationeries ii. Set of Primary data b. cycle time (minute), questions on bus/taxi Service c. number of trips 2 days iii. Survey form 1 or 2 operation frequency survey (minimum) (trip/bus/day), and iv. Camera system d. travel distance v. Road map of (km/bus/day). Kerian city

i. Stationeries a. bus stop distance ii. Set of Primary data b. time of departure questions Repeatedly on bus/taxi c. number stop iii. Survey form Onboard survey 1-3 between two route and iv. Camera point/bus stop terminals scheduling d. bus route v. GPS (Garmin) vi. Road map of

Kerian city DATA REQUIRED CHECKLIST

Source Area of studies Report of Findings of Kerian Local Plan Existing transport infrastructure in Kerian (Laporan Penemuan RT Kerian) - Bus and taxi terminal - Bus stops - Train stations - Interchange facilities Parking facilities in Kerian Bus operator Bus route within Kerian and outer Kerian - Travel distance Bus fares and ticketing Bus capacity - Rolling stocks - Demand - Schedule and frequency - Issues and problems Taxi operator Taxi route within Kerian and outer Kerian - Travel distance Taxi fares Taxi capacity - Rolling stocks - Demand - Schedule and frequency - Issues and problems KTMB Train route within Kerian and outer Kerian - Travel distance Train fares Train capacity - Rolling stocks - Demand - Schedule and frequency - Issues and problems Existing bus station of Kerian - Existing facilities photos - Existing condition of bus station photos - Existing bus condition photos RESEARCH MILESTONES AND DELIVERABLES

Research 2012 activities August September October November December Finalising proposal Literature review Inception report Data collection Data cleaning Data analysis Interim report Report writing Technical report First draft Final drafts STUDY AREA

Legend

District Boundary

Town and Village Boundary

Main Road TRANSPORT PLANNING POLICY IN KERIAN LOCAL PLAN 2020

Thrust Kerian Local Plan 2020 Local Plan measures no. 4.1 Kerian District as an Integrated  Upgrading the Buntar and station International Transit Centre facilities parallel with the proposed of double-track route.  Developed Utara Airport Terminal (UMAT) as an [page 4-2] international airport equipped with facilities for international passenger and cargo.  Proposed to construct an elevated interchange at Alor Pangsu to provide direct access to Kerian Distrcit from PLUS highway. 4.2 To upgrade and integrate rail  Redevelop the and Bagan Serai station as based transport with other modes transit centers  To build a halt at Bukit Merah as a new train station. [page 4-4]  To provide bus and taxi stops at the train station (Transit Center)  To integrate the UMAT proposal with Kerian District transit center which are Parit Buntar and Bagan Serai station. 4.3 To create a comprehensive,  Increase the level of public transport services with the reliable and convenience public construction of the Parit Buntar and Bagan Serai Bus and transportation. [page 4-6] Taxi Integrated Public Transport Terminal  Adding bus routes throughout the main settlement centers and tourist attractions at Kerian District  Provide bus routes within Parit Buntar city Source: Kerian District Draft Local Plan 2020 OUTCOME OF STUDY

Tangible outcomes are: The findings : a set of alternatives in improving the public transport system in Kerian. • Outlining the existing conditions public

transportation services in Kerian. KRAs can be assessed : the services levels • Highlighting the impacts of public transport including rolling stocks, scheduling and towards Kerian’s residents. dispatching, public transport information • Providing recommendations and suggestions systems and station facilties. for the provision of existing and new

facilities of public transportation system. Recommendations : service providers, • Systematically documenting the current decision makers, stakeholer to efficient and progress of management and operation of effective systems data gathering, processing, and analysis and : users to visualize the dissemination system pertaining to the best alternatives for the operations’ benefit. public transportation services in the future.

THE NEEDS OF EFFICIENT PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN URBAN AREA

Transport system : contributes to the economy Evaluate: sustainability assessment in assessing the practicality, level of GDP, employment, access to jobs, residential sustainability and its feasibility for the and facilities current and future needs. integrated and sustainable : economic growth Transportation planning to confirm the projection and the management of spatial ameliorate: , and difficulties resources of land can be maximized with the in spatial access to economic opportunities. concern of environmental, social and economic needs.

LITERATURE REVIEW

CONT’... urbanization process - nurtures the growth Zegras (2005) - creates economics, social and of population and it basic needs. environmental impacts. transportation facilitate - mobility of people integration approach - all aspects and and goods, becomes the main urbanization stakeholders activities.

- Spurs rapid growth of development in urban areas. CONT’...

Issues - limitation of facilities, the use of low development of public transport should be done quality mode of public transport, through the approaches of: inconvenience of fleets, low passenger trips and long waiting time (Suwardo, M. Napiah, and I. Kamaruddin, 2007). • Accessible and affordable public transport - a large number of trips produced can increase • Increasing tourist arrival to Perak need for the traffic together with the low growth of better public transport road length and the inadequate facility of • Transport management in which promoting public transport of public transport use • Encouraging public/private participation in - alternative of using public transport is to transportation development reduce the traffic volume.

CONT’...

A.Hull (2005) - sustainable strategies should key dimensions of sustainable transport are overcome the lack of integration, divergent correlation of economic, social and agendas and lack of fit between disciplinary environment. and administrative policy areas. Economic activities, sustaining of goods, sustainability agenda as key drivers. services and people mobility (Litman and Burwell, 2004).

sustainable transport – safeguard the environment and balance the social equity through resources management, environmental protection, safety and health, and accessibility for the people LEVEL OF SERVICE FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICE

System for measuring performance

Level of Service (LOS) 1) speed and travel time 2) freedom to maneuver 3) traffic interruptions 4) comfort & convenience 5) level of facility or service or quality of traffic flow (Table 4) CONT’... LOS Basic Criteria of Measurement i. Free flow ii. Low traffic volume & high speed iii. Traffic density is low A iv. Little or no restrictions in manoeuvrability due to absence of other vehicles v. Little or no delay vi. Ratio of v/c is very low i. Stable flow ii. Operating speed begins to be restricted B iii. Traffic volume begins to increase iv. Delay time begins to increase v. Driving comfort and convenience i. Still in stable flow ii. Speed and manoeuvrability of vehicles are more closely controlled by higher traffic volume C iii. Driving comfort and convenience begins to decrease

i. Approaches unstable flow ii. Tolerable operating speed iii. Delay time begins to increase D iv. Little freedom to manoeuvre v. Traffic volume begins to approach road capacity vi. Driving comfort and convenience are low i. Unstable flow ii. Lower operating speed than LOS D E iii. Traffic volume near to road capacity iv. Driving comfort and conveniences are very low v. More frequent stoppages of vehicles i. Forced flow operation ii. Very low speed iii. Traffic volume at or more than road capacity F iv. Queuing of vehicles v. Stoppages of vehicles are very frequent (stop & go) vi. Traffic density is very high CONT’...

Variables to be measured in the quantitative • Overall public bus passengers satisfaction • Future demand for public bus service • Passengers anticipation on route, frequency and fare To create an excellent public transport Variables to be collected in GPS survey system in Kerian, route expansion and • Distance route diversification can be the best • Drop off point approaches to sustain the mobility and • Time of trip serve the citizen future needs. Integration of types of public transport service also Possible determination of LOS in Kerian will contributes on the effectiveness and • Fixed-route Service Frequency LOS efficiency of the overall system. • Fixed-route Hour of Service LOS • LOS Scheme for transit speed • Passengers Loading LOS Thresholds (Off- peak) • Service Frequency LOS Thresholds (Off- peak)

FINDINGS OF RESEARCH (SUMMARY)

PASSENGERS’ PERCEPTION OF SERVICES

• Overall AVERAGE/MEDIUM satisfaction

• POTENTIAL EXPANSION of demand for public bus service

• Identified ROUTES, FREQUENCY AND FARE

• GENERATION GAPS in perception and expectation

• Level of Services D/E are of concerns, namely FLEET NUMBER AND QUALITY, FREQUENCY and ADHERENCE TO SCHEDULE, SAFETY of passengers during alighting/drop-off

• But, vehicles conditions, interior and exteriors, fares and capacity are NOT of great concerns

• SHELTERS conditions

• Imperfect and limited INFORMATION on services

DEMAND VS SUPPLY

Demand (DD) Supply (SS) i. There were gap in the age of users and this i. Route to Selama has been discontinued generation gap is significant in determining the ii. LOS of Bus service is grade A/C/D/E future demand of bus service. iii. LOS of paratransit is grade A ii. Older respondents were more incline to have more iv. LOS of train service is grade A/D frequent trips rather than improvement of the v. During the survey, there were three occasions where the buses failed physical condition of the buses (better exterior and to start. These buses need proper and continuing maintenance and interior of the buses and installation of air some may need to be overhaul. Some of the buses have registration conditional system). number started with AHQ and ACQ which showed that these buses iii. Occupancy of bus service during off-peak was 80% were quite old. from 44 sit and 16 standing offered. This clearly vi. Bus layby was not clear and proper drop-off area were not designated shows that there is high demand for public by the bus operators. Most of the drivers would stop their passengers transport even though the survey was conducted anywhere on the roadside. This can be dangerous and can create during off-peak hour accident to road users. iv. Passengers declined to disclose their real income vii. The overall road network in Kerian is good with dual lane and dual level. For those who are willing to disclose their carriageway income, the range on average is between RM400 to viii. The Bus stop is in minimal design with minimal shelter. There is not RM700. This showed that the users were protection for the users during heavy rain. considered from low income group because the ix. Intercity public bus service is good national average for low income (poor) is RM500. x. Train service is good based on visual inspection v. Most of passengers were aware of the frequency of xi. Illegal van services were many and there is no approval for the bus trip and the schedule and they usually did not operation of these vans. This finding is based on site observation only. refer to the bus schedule. xii. There is flexible time and destination offered by the taxi service vi. Most of the bus stops were with shelter and seating xiii. The Fare is disclosed on board at the bus station and taxi station area. xiv. Based on site observation, there is delay on bus trip. Some of the buses vii. Fare for taxi service is expensive and no meter were delay more than 30 minutes and in one instances, the bus was system were used for taxi services in Kerian. delay for more than 1 hour. xv. There is door to door services by the buses along the route trip. This may be due to the takeoff and alight point were not designated by the bus operators. MATRIX OF LOS FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES IN KERIAN

Bus Service Taxi Service Train Service Mark Station Statio Station Criteria R3 R5 R8 Station 2 Parit n 1 Bagan Serai Buntar Fixed-route Service Frequency A A C - - D D LOS Fixed-route Hour of Service D D C - - A A LOS LOS Scheme for transit speed D E E - - - - Passengers Loading LOS A A C A A - - Thresholds (Off-peak) Service Frequency LOS E E E A A - - Thresholds (Off-peak)

Source: Data Collection, November 2012. LEGEND:

Passengers Loading LOS Thresholds LOS Passengers per Seat Comments A 0.00-0.50 No passenger need to sit next to another B 0.51-0.75 Passengers can choose where to sit C 0.76-1.00 All passengers can sit D 1.01-1.25* Comfortable standee load for urban transit E 1.26-1.50* Maximum schedule load for urban transit F >1.50* Crush load *approximate values for comparison Source: Transport Research Board of National Academics TCRP Report 100 (TCQSM 2003) as cited in Madzlan Napiah, Amirah Suriati Ahmad Farid and Suwardo (2010)

Service Frequency LOS Thresholds LOS Passengers per Frequency Comments Seat (buses/hour) A <10 .6 Passengers do not need schedules B 10-14 5-6 Frequent service, passengers consult schedules C 15-20 3-4 Maximum desirable time to wait if bus missed D 21-30 2 Service unattractive to choice riders E 31-60 1 Service available during the hour F >60 <1 Service unattractive to all riders Source: Transport Research Board of National Academics TCRP Report 100 (TCQSM 2003) as cited in Madzlan Napiah, Amirah Suriati Ahmad Farid and Suwardo (2010) LEGEND:

LOS Scheme for transit speed LOS Transit speed as % of Description of LOS automobile speed A >87.5 Transit trip can be considered at as fast as automobile Source: Herman Orth, Robert B 75.0-87.4 Transit trip barely noticeably longer Dorbritz and Ulrich Weidmann, C 62.5-74.9 Transit trip slightly longer D 50.0-62.4 Transit trip longer 2011, Public Transport Capacity E 37.5-49.9 Transit trip at least twice as long and Quality- Development of an F 25-37.4 Transit trip at least LOS-Based Evaluation Scheme

Fixed-route Service Frequency LOS Average Headway Comments LOS Vehicle per hour (min) A <10 >6 Passengers do not need schedules B 10-14 5-6 Frequent service, passengers consult schedules Maximum desirable time to wait if bus/train C 15-20 3-4 missed D 21-30 2 Service unattractive to choice riders E 31-60 1 Service available during the hour Source: Noorfakhriah and F >60 <1 Service unattractive to all riders Madzlan, 2001, p.5

Fixed-route Hour of Service LOS LOS Hours of service Comments A 19-24 Night ‘owl’ service provided B 17-18 Late evening service provided C 14-16 Early evening service provided D 12-13 Daytime service provided Source: Noorfakhriah and E 4-11 Peak hour service only or limited midday service Madzlan, 2001, p.6 F 0-3 Very limited or no service FINDINGS OF RESEARCH (PUBLIC BUS)

INTRA-CITY BUS FREQUENCY

Route Route No. of Frequency Distance Journey No. buses (min) (km) time (min) Bus service at Parit Buntar station A Parit Buntar-Taiping 1 70 98 60 B Parit Buntar- 1 45 16 30 C Parit Buntar- 1 45 13 30 Bus service at Bagan Serai station A Bagan Serai-Tanjung Piandang 1 70 36 60 B Bagan Serai-Kuala Kurau 1 70 44 60

Sources : Kerian District Draft Local Plan 202 BUS FARE FROM PARIT BUNTAR TO TAIPING (R8)

Parit Buntar Parit Buntar Simpang 5 1.00 Simpang 5 Sg. Bogak 1.50 1.00 Sg. Bogak Bagai Serai 1.90 1.50 1.00 Bagan Serai Masjid Tinggi 2.40 1.90 1.50 1.00 Masjid Tinggi Sungai 2.80 2.30 1.80 1.30 0.90 Sungai Gedong Gedong Simpang 4 3.20 2.80 2.30 1.80 1.30 1.00 Simpang 4 Semanggol 3.40 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.20 0.70 Semanggol Jln Aik Estate 3.90 3.40 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.60 1.20 1.00 Jalan Aik Estate Krian Road 4.30 3.90 3.40 3.00 2.50 2.10 1.60 1.50 1.00 Krian Road 4.70 4.30 3.80 3.30 2.80 2.50 2.00 1.80 1.30 1.00 Kamunting (Lama) (Lama) Taiping 5.20 4.70 4.30 3.80 3.30 3.00 2.50 2.30 1.90 1.50 1.00 Taiping

Source: Red Omnibus Co. Sdn. Bhd, 2012

FARE: RM1.00 to RM5.20 BUS FARE FROM PARIT BUNTAR TO R3 AND R5

Table 16: Bus Fare From Parit Buntar to Kuala Kurau (R3) Parit Buntar Parit Buntar Simpang 5 1.00 Simpang 5 Batu 5 1.30 0.80 Batu 5 Batu 7 1.60 1.20 0.90 Batu 7 Simpang 3 1.90 1.50 1.20 0.90 Simpang 3 Kuala Kurau 2.20 1.70 1.50 1.10 0.80 Kuala Kurau

Table 17: Bus Fare From Parit Buntar to Tanjung Piandang (R5) Parit Buntar Parit Buntar Parit Kasa 1.00 Parit Kasa Sungai Bakau 1.30 0.80 Sungai Bakau Sungai Kota 1.60 1.20 0.90 Sungai Kota Bagan Tiang 1.90 1.50 1.20 0.90 Bagan Tiang Tanjung Piandang 2.20 1.70 1.50 1.10 0.80 Tanjung Piandang

FARE: RM0.80 to RM2.20

Source: Red Omnibus Co. Sdn. Bhd, 2012 BUS ROUTE SCHEDULE

Table 18: Bus Route 8 Parit Buntar -Taiping Schedule 6.00 am 9.30 am 1.00 pm 4.30 pm 6.30 am 10.00 am 1.30 pm 5.00 pm 7.00 am 10.30 am 2.00 pm 5.25 pm 7.30 am 11.00 am 2.30 pm 5.50 pm 8.00 am 11.30 am 3.00 pm 6.30 pm 8.30 am 12.00 pm 3.30 pm 7.30 pm 9.00 am 12.30 pm 4.00 pm 8.30 pm

Table 19: Bus Route 5 Parit Buntar – Tanjung Piandang Schedule 6.10 am 10.30 am 3.00 pm 7.30 pm 7.30 am 12.00 pm 4.30 pm 9.00 am 1.30 pm 6.20 pm

Table 20: Bus Route 3 Parit Buntar – Kuala Kurau

6.10 am 10.10 am 2.10 pm 6.10 pm 7.30 am 11.30 am 3.30 pm 7.30 pm 8.00 am 12.50 pm 4.50 pm

OPERATIONAL SERVICE : 0600 - 2100

Source: Red Omnibus Co. Sdn. Bhd, 2012 TICKETING SYSTEM Ticketing System

Bus conductor and paper ticket is the operational system applied by Red Omnibus Sdn. Bhd as the single intra-city bus service operator (Figure 4). The fare rate is calculated based on distance and interval time.

Figure 4: The ticketing system for intra-city bus service is still using bus conductor and paper ticket with serial number for route identification. Existing Bus Condition

Observation on the existing bus condition shows that the bus is not using air-conditional EXISTING BUS system and some of the bus is in need to be upgraded. The bus also using the ring button system that located at the bottom of passengers seat where not universally designed to cater CONDITION for physical disability user. All the observation is recorded in the Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 7 and Figure 8:

Figure 5: Passengers need to push the ring button to take off from the bus for sighting at destination

Figure 6: The condition of bus interior during peak hours and off-peak. EXISTING BUS

CONDITION

Figure 7: Intra-city bus exterior

Figure 8: Red Omnibus Sdn. Bhd is the single operator for Intra-city bus service in Kerian District. INTER-CITY BUS SERVICES

No Bus Operator Route Departure Station 1 Maraliner Parit Buntar – Kerian – Parit Buntar 2 Shamisha Ekspress Parit Buntar – Kerian - Kuala Lumpur - – – Temerloh – Parit Buntar – – Tanah Merah – Machang – Pengkalan Chepa –Kuala - Jertih 3 Mesra Parit Buntar – Kerian – Kuala Lumpur – Klang – Shah Alam – – Parit Buntar – Melaka – Bharu - Singapura Bagan Serai – Kuala Lumpur – Shah Alam -Klang Bagan Serai 4 Lion Star Parit Buntar – Kuala Lumpur – Johor Bharu - Singapura Parit Buntar Bagan Serai – Kuala Lumpur – Air Hitam – Skudai – Larkin – Yong Peng – Bagan Serai Johor Bharu - Singapura 5 Konsortium Parit Buntar – Kuala Lumpur – Johor Bharu – Singapura – Temerloh - Parit Buntar Kuantan Bagan Serai – Kuala Lumpur – Kajang – Seremban – Melaka – Johor Bharu – Bagan Serai Skudai – – Larkin – Singapura – Kuantan - Temerloh

6 Haider Ekspres Parit Buntar – Kuala Lumpur – Klang – Shah Alam Parit Buntar

7 Megastar Ekspres Parit Buntar – Kajang – Seremban - Melaka Parit Buntar

8 Kejora Ekspres Parit Buntar – Johor Bharu - Singapura Parit Buntar Bagan Serai – Kuala Lumpur – Kajang – Seremban – Melaka – Johor Bharu – Bagan Serai Skudai – Kluang – Larkin - Singapura

9 Transnasional Parit Buntar – Kuala Lumpur Parit Buntar

10 Plusliner Parit Buntar – Butterworth Parit Buntar 11 Naik Selalu Ekspres Parit Buntar – Kuala Lumpur – Klang – Shah Alam Parit Buntar 12 Bumiwira Ekspres Parit Buntar – Butterworth Parit Buntar 13 KKKL Ekspres Parit Buntar – Kuala Lumpur – Seremban – Melaka – – Batu Pahat – Parit Buntar Johor Bharu – Singapura - Kuantan

Source: Kerian District Draft Local Plan 2020

EXISTING BUS STOP

The bus stop is provided along the Kerian main road with no specific standard design. Each of bus stop has been provided with different types of shelter and size (Figure 9). Some of the bus stop is not equiped with the seating and no take off curb for passengers. Most of the bus stops are not provided with proper lighting or public phones. However, from the secondary sources and observation conducted, the services are only till 7.00pm and most passengers are stop at door-to-door point along the main road of the route.

Figure 9: Different types of design of existing bus stop along the Kerian main road can be upgraded by redesigning it with designs that represent Kerian as identity and potray more tangible road urbanscapes. PUBLIC BUS SERVICE ROUTE Figure 11: Bus Route 3 Figure 12 : Bus Route 5 Figure 13: Bus Route 8 Figure 14:Hentian Raya Parit Buntar Current Condition Figure 15: Hentian Raya Bagan Serai Current Condition AVERAGE SPEED: 26.7 KMH

Figure 16: Travel speed, stoppage line and travel distance from Parit Buntar Station to Tanjung Piandang AVERAGE SPEED: 46.1 KMH

Figure 17: Travel speed, stoppage line and travel distance from Bagan Serai Station to Kuala Kurau Bus AVERAGE SPEED: 35.6 KMH

Figure 18: Travel speed, stoppage line and travel distance from Parit Buntar Station to Taiping PASSENGER SATISFACTION AND ASPIRATION

Very Dissatisfied 2%

Fairly Dissatisfied 37%

Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied 22%

Fairly Satisfied 39%

Very Satisfied 0

Figure 19: Overall Public Bus Passengers Satisfaction Table 22: Passengers anticipation to use public bus by route

I will use public bus service Total everyday 5 days per 3 days per 1 day per never week week week

R3 Kuala Kurau 8 3 9 14 3 37 Route R5 Tanjung 2 2 7 13 7 31 Piandang R8 Taiping 4 6 7 8 7 32 Total 14 11 23 35 17 100

DEMAND FOR WEEKLY TRIPS Table 23: Time of passengers used public bus by route I choose public bus service at Total 9.00am to 6.00am to 6.00am to 8.00am to 7.00am 6.00pm 9.00pm 10.00pm 11.00pm to 9.00pm R3 Kuala Kurau 9 10 14 0 4 37 R5 Tanjung Route 8 9 9 0 5 31 Piandang R8 Taiping 13 6 6 2 5 32 Total 30 25 29 2 14 100

INCREASED OPERATION PERIOD

Table 27: Passengers used public bus because of public bus affordability by route I use public bus service because it is affordable for me Total low average medium good excellent R3 Kuala Kurau 4 3 5 7 18 37 Route R5 Tanjung Piandang 2 4 10 3 12 31 R8 Taiping 2 1 3 4 22 32 Total 8 8 18 14 52 100

Table 28: Passengers used public bus because of punctuality by route I use public bus service because it is on time Total low average medium good excellent R3 Kuala Kurau 5 6 10 3 13 37 Route R5 Tanjung Piandang 12 4 1 5 9 31 R8 Taiping 11 5 4 3 9 32 Total 28 15 15 11 31 100

PUNCTUALITY: LOW/MEDIUM Table 29: Passengers anticipation of public bus frequency by route

I want the public bus service frequency at Total every 60 every 45 every 30 every 20 every 15 minutes minutes minutes minutes minutes R3 Kuala 1 0 13 4 19 37 Kurau Route R5 Tanjung 1 1 17 6 6 31 Piandang R8 Taiping 6 1 9 5 11 32 Total 8 2 39 15 36 100 Table 30: Passengers anticipation of public bus speed by route I want the bus speed at Total 90 km/h 80km/h 70km/h 60km/h 45km/h R3 Kuala Kurau 15 8 3 10 1 37 R5 Tanjung Route 9 14 5 3 0 31 Piandang R8 Taiping 14 11 5 2 0 32 Total 38 33 13 15 1 100

Table 31: Passengers anticipation of public bus punctuality by route I want public bus service to provide on time trip from O to Total D low average medium good excellent R3 Kuala Kurau 3 10 5 7 12 37 Route R5 Tanjung Piandang 6 3 3 11 8 31 R8 Taiping 10 8 1 7 6 32 Total 19 21 9 25 26 100 PUNCTUALITY: LACK IN ROUTE 8 Table 32: Passengers anticipation towards public bus frequency by route I want public bus service to provide frequent bus trip Total low average medium good excellen t R3 Kuala Kurau 5 5 8 7 12 37 Route R5 Tanjung Piandang 5 3 5 10 8 31 R8 Taiping 2 6 10 6 8 32 Total 12 14 23 23 28 100 INCREASED FREQUENCY TO 15 – 30 MINUTES Table 33: Passengers anticipation towards public bus facilities by route I want public bus service to provide safe trip with good bus station Total and bus stop facilities low average medium good excellent R3 Kuala Kurau 0 7 11 10 9 37 R5 Tanjung Route 1 4 17 5 4 31 Piandang R8 Taiping 1 2 9 11 9 32 Total 2 13 37 26 22 100 FACILTIES AND STATIONS: MEDIUM Table 34: Passengers anticipation towards public bus condition by route

I want public bus service to provide clean and comfortable Total bus with airconditional system) low average medium good excellent R3 Kuala Kurau 1 6 10 10 10 37 R5 Tanjung Route 5 8 5 6 7 31 Piandang R8 Taiping 2 4 5 4 17 32 Total 8 18 20 20 34 100

Table 35: Passengers anticipation towards public bus driver skills and attitude by route I want public bus service to provide well trained and efficient bus Total driver low average medium good excellent R3 Kuala Kurau 9 8 8 8 3 37 R5 Tanjung Route 11 14 1 2 3 31 Piandang R8 Taiping 11 5 6 6 5 32 Total 31 27 15 16 11 100 Table 43: Fixed-route Service Frequency LOS BUS ID Number of Buses Average Headway LOS Route 3 1 <10 A Route 5 1 <10 A Route 8 1 15-20 C

Table 44: Fixed-route Hour of Service LOS BUS ID Scheduled first trip Scheduled last trip Hour of Service LOS Route 3 6.10 am 7.30 pm 12 hours D Route 5 6.10 am 7.30 pm 12 hours D Route 8 6.00 am 8.30 pm 14 hours C

Table 45: LOS Scheme for transit speed BUS ID Average speed Maximum speed % of Speed LOS (km/h) (km/h) Route 3 46.1 73.6 62.64 D Route 5 26.7 64.8 41.20 E Route 8 35.6 77.8 46.14 E Table 46: Bus Passengers Loading LOS Thresholds (Off-peak) BUS ID Passengers per Comments LOS seat Route 3 No passenger need to sit next to 0.00-0.50 A another Route 5 No passenger need to sit next to 0.00-0.50 A another Route 8 0.76-1.00 All passengers can sit C

Table 47: Bus Service Frequency LOS Thresholds (Off-peak)

BUS ID Passengers per Comments LOS seat Route 3 Route 5 31-60 Service availaible during the hour E Route 8 Improvement areas: i. Route 3 from station to Kuala Kurau (based on the passengers respondents needed more frequent anticipation) bus trip with at least 30 minutes interval for waiting time where 13 of • trip frequency, respondents chose for 30 minutes interval, 4 respondents chose 20 • routes performances minutes interval and 19 respondents • fleet number and quality chose 15 minutes interval • bus punctuality ii. Route 3, Route 5 and Route 8 Hence needing upgrades of bus respondents agreed to pay more service to meet generation gaps expensive ticket if the bus service expectation. provides more comfortable bus condition with air conditional system. FINDINGS OF RESEARCH (TAXI)

Table 48: Taxi association and car rental services at Kerian

No Operator No. of registered taxi 1 Koperasi Pengangkutan Awam Kerian Berhad 53 2 Koperasi Perdagangan dan Perindustrian Daerak Kerian 33

Table 49: Bagan Serai Taxi Route

Matang Gerdu RM16.00 Bukit Merah Lake Town Resort RM40.00 SM Teknik Kerian RM16.00 Lembah Beriah RM45.00 Taman Jaya Serai Jaya RM16.00 Masjid Tinggi RM18.00 RM18.00 Pekan Bukit Merah RM40.00 Cangkat Lobak / RM35.00 Simpang Empat/ G. Semanggol RM22.00 Simpang Lima RM6.00 Sg. Bogak RM10.00 Sg. RM8.00

Table 50: Serdang Taxi Route Bagan Samak RM8.00 Sg. Kechil Hulu RM10.00 Parit Nibong RM10.00 Bagan Samak Kem RM14.00 Permatang Kerat Telunjok RM12.00 Pekan Lunas RM50.00 Lubok Buntar RM16.00 RM55.00 Telok Sera RM18.00 Selama RM40.00 Buntar Estate RM18.00 Pekan Ijok RM60.00 Pekan Serdang RM25.00 Sg. Bayu RM55.00 Pekan Kulim RM40.00 FARE : RM 8.00 – RM60.00 Table 51: Tanjung Piandang Taxi Route Kg RM6.00 Parit Kasa RM18.00 Titi Serong RM7.00 Sg. Bakau RM10.00 Tebok Hj. Musa RM8.00 Jln Baru Sg Bakau RM15.00 Sg. Setar Jln Sempadan RM8.00 Jln Terusan RM8.00 Kedai Empat RM10.00 Pekan Tg. Piandang RM12.00 Sg. Kota RM12.00 Tmn Tg. Piandang RM18.00 Pekan Bagan Tiang RM14.00 Kg. Nelayan RM16.00 Kuala Bagan Tiang RM12.00 Sg. Baru RM16.00

Table 52: Kuala Kurau Taxi Route Spg Lima / Tanah Kebun RM6.00 / RM 8.00 Kuala Kurau (Bawah) RM14.00 Batu Lima RM8.00 Kg Nelayan RM18.00 Kedai 2 / Tmn Seri Kurau RM16.00 Batu 14 RM16.00 Pekan Kuala Kurau RM12.00 Pekan Gula RM30.00 Tmn Kuala Kurau RM14.00

Table 53: Sg. Kechil Ilir Taxi Route Kg Lorong Tikus RM 8.00 Sg Buaya Luar RM10.00 Permatang Pasir RM8.00 Kg Besar RM14.00 Kg Telok RM10.00 Pekan 300 Kaki RM14.00 Sg Kechil Kg Nenas RM10.00 Tmn Rekreasi Air Puteh RM20.00 Pusat Latihan Perda RM12.00 Kg Keda 300 RM16.00

FARE: RM8.00-RM18.00 Table 54: Taxi Route Spg. 3 Permatang Keling RM8.00 SM Teknik N. Tebal RM12.00 Tmn Seri Acheh RM8.00 ILP N. Tebal RM12.00 Sg. Setar Besar RM10.00 Taman Jawi / Jawi Jaya RM16.00 Sg. Setar Kecil RM12.00 Sg. Bakap RM14.00 Pekan Sg Acheh RM12.00 Veldor RM18.00 Sg. Chenaam RM15.00 Tmn Merak RM25.00 Sg. Udang RM15.00 Spg 4 Tasek RM25.00 Pekan Nibong Tebal RM10.00 Puteri Gunong RM30.00 Sg Daun/Kala Dunia RM15.00 Lima Kongsi RM25.00 Kg Changkat / Bagan Buaya RM15.00 Paya Kemian RM15.00 Behram RM20.00 Relaw RM25.00 Tmn Bukit Panchor RM12.00

Table 55: Butterworth / Northern Route Permatang Tinggi RM30.00 Gurun RM125.00 RM45.00 RM140.00 Juru RM40.00 RM220.00 Bukit Tengah RM45.00 Kuala RM220.00 Prai Industri RM50.00 / UUM RM200.00 Jetty/Butterworth RM50.00 Padang Besar RM250.00 Bandaraya Pulau Pinang RM100.00 Kuala Kedah RM100.00 Airport Pulau Pinang RM100.00 Baling RM100.00 Sg. Petani RM100.00 RM120.00

FARE: RM8.00 – RM250.00 Table 56: Residential Scheme / Institution / Parit Buntar District Department Taxi Route

USM Trans Kerian RM8.00 Tmn Kaw. Parit Buntar RM6.00 MRSM Trans Kerian RM10.00 Hospital / Jab. Kawasan RM6.00 Parit Buntar Taman Pekaka RM8.00 Taman Ilmu RM10.00 Kg Trans Kerian RM8.00 Tmn Tempua, Kit Seong RM8.00 Taman Sempadan RM8.00 Rantau Damai dan Semua RM8.00 Tmn Kawasan SPS SMA Nibong Tebal RM8.00

Table 57: Taiping / Southern / Eastern Taxi Route Pekan Selinsing RM30.00 Kampar RM180.00 Pekan Kemunting RM45.00 RM200.00 Pekan Lama Taiping RM50.00 Bagan Datok RM220.00 RM65.00 RM200.00 RM80.00 Kuala Lumpur RM400.00 Sg Siput RM120.00 KLIA RM450.00 Bandaraya RM160.00 Cameron Highland RM240.00 RM100.00 Johor Bharu RM800.00 Lumut RM160.00 Kuantan RM600.00 RM160.00 Kota Bharu RM500.00 RM600.00 Figure 20: Radius of Car Rental Rate from Parit Buntar Station Figure 21:Radius of Car Rental Rate from Bagan Serai Station Table 58: Taxi Passengers Loading LOS Thresholds (Off-peak)

Station Passengers per Comments LOS seat Taxi 1 No passenger need to sit next to 0.00-0.50 A another Taxi 2 No passenger need to sit next to 0.00-0.50 A another

Table 59: Taxi Service Frequency LOS Thresholds (Off-peak)

Station Passengers per Comments LOS seat Taxi 1 <10 Passengers do not need schedule A Taxi 2 FINDINGS OF RESEARCH (TRAIN)

RAIL SERVICE (TRAIN)

Location Distance (km) Station Class Kuala Lumpur – Bagan 280 Rawang – Kuala Kubu – – Slim A – Senandung Serai - Butterworth River – – Kampar – Batu Gajah – Malam Kerian – – – Kuala Kangsar – Taiping – Bagan Serai – Parit Buntar – Nibong Tebal – Bukit Mertajam Butterworth – Bagan 280 Rawang – Kuala Kubu – Tanjung Malim – Slim A – Sinaran Serai – Kuala Lumpur River – Kampar – Batu Gajah – Kerian – Sg Siput Utara – Kuala Kangsar – Taiping – Bagan Serai – Parit Buntar – Nibong Tebal – Bukit Mertajam

Table 61: Train Schedule

Train No. Sinaran Ekspress Senandung Senandung Ekspress Sinaran Senandung Senandung Utara Rakyat Mutiara Rakyat Utara Langkawi Mutiara Station 10 2 20 22 1 11 21 23 Parit Buntar 15.06 20.34 04.07 05.31 08.49 14.54 22.48 23.58 Bagan Serai 14.47 03.49 15.23 23.03

Table 62: Train Fare Fare Bagan Serai Parit Buntar First Class Second Class Economy Class First Class Second Class Economy Class

Destination Adult Child Adult Child Adult Child Adult Child Adult Child Adult Child KL Sentral 51.00 26.00 23.00 12.00 13.00 7.00 54.00 27.00 24.00 12.00 14.00 7.00 Rawang 47.00 24.00 21.00 11.00 12.00 6.00 48.00 24.00 21.00 11.00 12.00 6.00 K.K. Bharu 42.00 21.00 19.00 10.00 11.00 6.00 44.00 22.00 19.00 10.00 11.00 6.00 Tg. Malim 39.00 20.00 17.00 9.00 10.00 5.00 41.00 21.00 18.00 9.00 10.00 5.00 36.00 18.00 16.00 8.00 9.00 5.00 38.00 19.00 17.00 9.00 10.00 5.00 32.00 16.00 14.00 7.00 8.00 4.00 33.00 17.00 15.00 8.00 9.00 5.00 Tapah Road 28.00 14.00 13.00 7.00 7.00 4.00 30.00 15.00 13.00 7.00 8.00 4.00 Kampar 26.00 13.00 12.00 6.00 7.00 4.00 27.00 14.00 12.00 6.00 7.00 4.00 Batu Gajah 22.00 11.00 10.00 5.00 6.00 3.00 24.00 12.00 11.00 6.00 6.00 3.00 Ipoh 20.00 10.00 9.00 5.00 5.00 3.00 22.00 11.00 10.00 5.00 6.00 3.00 Tg. Rambutan 18.00 9.00 8.00 4.00 5.00 3.00 20.00 10.00 9.00 5.00 5.00 3.00

Kuala Kangsar 12.00 6.00 5.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 14.00 7.00 6.00 3.00 4.00 2.00

Taiping 7.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 9.00 5.00 4.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 Bagan Serai 3.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Parit Buntar 3.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Nibong Tebal 3.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Bkt Mertajam 7.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 5.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00

Butterworth 8.00 4.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 6.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 FARE: RM1.00 – RM51.00 RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE STATE OF PERAK

LONG-TERM AND SHORT-TERM Planning and Development Based on the analysis and findings of the study conducted for Kerian public transportation system, international best practices in public transport should be adopted in the operation to:

 improve the cost effectiveness of local public transport  identify long-term requirements for future capital investment  plan a comprehensive transportation network across the district and the state.  identify new technology in the public transport system

Subject Long Term Planning Short Term Planning

For a long term planning of public transport system in Kerian, an integrated public transport service  Public Transport Intelligent Transport Systems – networks is a viable option that can ensure sustainable, equitable and effective mobility in livable including Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking town center and surrounded neighbourhood area. of all public transport vehicles - linked in real time to a central Control Centre. This planning outline the strategies and implementation in needs of:  Information displays at bus, taxi and rail stations in Public transport  Integration of various mode of public transport real time will reduce “waiting stress” impacts on policy  Remove Barriers to Transit Use users.  Provide Efficient and Effective Transit Service  Local authorities are to ensure the relevant  Ensure Adequate Funding standards for waiting areas, symbols, signs, lighting, furniture and fittings and information. Coordination of Services: Coordination of services and joint investment between transit providers and local authorities in the service system and subsystem will ensure the effective and efficient of public transport service. • Local authorities to outline a standard guidelines for:  Frequent and rapid service between major origins i. Design and destinations ii. Layout  Ample capacity for passenger demand along iii. Seating facilities corridors iv. Waiting area  Provide bus stops with relevant standards for v. Information board access paths, maneuvering areas, passing areas, vi. Ticket counter ramps, waiting areas, boarding, allocated space, at bus, taxi and railway stations. surfaces, handrails and grab rails, stairs, symbols, signs, tactile ground surface indicators Public transport • The vision for public transport facilities is to ensure the provision of:  Improvement of current bus station with subsystem i. Enclosed stops with good shelter installation of electronic route schedule board ii. Dedicated lanes for bus and taxi  Provide comfort waiting area iii. Lighting  Provide signage to the railway station along the iv. Information kiosks main road and town center. v. Signage vi. Depots

• Multi-modal terminals as service nodes • Integrate taxi stand with the bus station in one building LONG-TERM AND SHORT-TERM Planning and Development Subject Long Term Planning Short Term Planning

Bus In long term planning of vitality and sustaining bus service, consideration on • Improve schedule reliability and provide real- element of: time arrival/departure, scheduled information  Choice of bus service offered by optional operators using electronic board.  Availability of bus service hours • Add customer service features such as calling  Affordability of bus fare out stops, reserving more seats for older  Design considerations for all types of users persons, providing friendlier and more detailed  Vehicles travel information, providing more telephone lines for information, and making systems more are very crucial and factors that contributes towards the effectiveness and responsive to complaints for inter-city bus efficiency of overall service delivery system. service. • Improve bus vehicles condition with comfort Community Design: Transit investment must include improvements in seat, air conditional system, safety door and community design to increase ease of access to all transportation ergonomic stop button design. • The route diversification will offer more alternatives services. This plan also focuses on the strategies of designing comprehensive and excellent public transport the route expansion and diversification by the local authorities and system that caters all level of public transport Public operators. user. Therefore, it is strongly recommended transport System Design: Traditional public transportation systems must continue to that, the route of bus service in Kerian being be enhanced and designed to make everyday services more easily available. operation diversified according to route: • To city/centroid with 30minutes/interval Web-based trip-planning systems that link route, schedule, and fare • Suburb to suburb/orbital with 1 hour/interval information for multiple transit systems for intra and inter-city bus services • Special/disabled/center to suburb or suburb will enhance the potential of activities in Kerian as well as increase to center with 2 hour/interval/on demand the economic growth. • Reward card for loyal customer

Advanced Technologies: state-of-the-art information systems to improve information about alternative services and take the anxiety and uncertainty out of trip planning and transit use. State-of-the-art electronic fare systems and multi-trip ticketing, such as stored value smart cards, that ease and speed the boarding process, taking the guesswork out of paying fares and ultimately allowing riders to use a single electronic ticket on a variety of regional transportation services; and;

Rolling stock diversification: Competitive bus operator to offer more bus frequency and options to the bus user. Variety types of buses also will enhance the level of service of Kerian public transportation system. LONG-TERM AND SHORT-TERM Planning and Development

Subject Long Term Planning Short Term Planning Taxi  Subsidies scheme for elderly and disabled citizen  Providing friendlier and more detailed  Reward card for loyal customer travel information, providing more  Diversify the types of vehicles to offer more comfortability to the telephone lines for information, and passengers for long distance trip making systems more responsive to complaints.  metered taxis to be imposed and contracted to provide an additional low volume public transport service for choice users, as well as an alternative o single occupant car use and a service for off- Public peak periods transport  Provide guaranteed-ride-home services. operation  Local authorities to outline the relevant standards for waiting areas, symbols, signs, lighting, furniture and fittings. Service providers are to comply with the provision of information. Train Provide a commuter service for short distance destinations  Integrate with bus operator to provide feeder bus service  Local authorities to outline the relevant standards for waiting areas, symbols, signs, lighting, furniture and fittings. Service providers are to comply with the provision of information. Bagan Serai

Tanjung Piandang

Parit Buntar

Kuala Kurau

Figure 23: Propose Feeder Bus Route from Bus Station to Railway Station - potential to improve public transport at an CONCLUSION affordable cost

- NEW ROUTES

- LONGER OPERATIONAL TIME

- FREQUENCY, ADHERENCE TO SCHEDULE

- WAITING FACILITIES AND INTEGRATION

- FLEET OVERHAUL, ADDITIONAL/NEW

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