Page Numbers in Italics Refer to Figures. Page Numbers in Bold Refer to Tables

Index

Page numbers in italics refer to Figures. Page numbers in bold refer to Tables.

Abbotabad Formation 112, 117 Baghanwala Formation 149, 150 Abu Mahara Group Baghewala well 19, 64, 65, 124, 127, 136, 147, 148 age of volcaniclastics 232 Baharaich Formation 21, 23, 42 microfossil assemblage 15, 254–255, 258 Baikal–Muya complex 180 stratigraphy 152, 153, 155, 156, 253 Baikal–Vitam fold-and-thrust belt 180–181, 181 acritarchs, Neoproterozoic diversity 251 Baikalian orogeny 179 Adhi well 124, 127 Balwan Limestone 76,83 Afghan Plate 2, 6–11, 124 Banda well 30 Agaleeva well 187 Bandar Kas Gypsum Member 113 Akoda Mahadev Sandstone 67 Banganapalli Quartzite 70 Aksu Group 165, 165, 166 Bap Boulder Bed 133, 146–147 Aldan Shield 179, 181 Baran High 64, 65 Amadeus Basin 21 Barguzin microcontinent 180, 181, 185 Amar Collision 15 Bari Shale 67 Anabar Shield 179 Bastar Basin 20, 59, 60, 70, 71 Andola Subgroup 278 Basuhari Sandstone 67, 69 Angara-Kan terrane 180, 181 Baykit Anticlise 2, 3, 178, 179, 183, 185, 186 Angara-Kotul Rift Basin 179, 182 hydrocarbon potential 191, 195–196 Angara-Lena Step 2, 3, 178, 179, 182, 183, 189 Bela Ophiolite 125 hydrocarbon potential 191, 193–194 Beltina 277 Anhydrite 238 Bhagawar Shale 67 Ara Evaporites 15, 239, 239–241 Bhagewala well 124 age 232 Bhagwanpura Limestone 67 composition 238 Bhander Formation 21, 24, 76, 91, 92 Ara Formation 233, 234 Bhander Limestone Member 80, 81 Ara Group 15, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 234, 235, 253, 253 Bhander Sandstone (Upper and Lower) Members 67,81 hydrocarbons 242–243 Upper Bhander Sandstone microfossil assemblage 257, 259, 259 cements 97, 102–103 stratigraphy 233 clay matrix 107 Ara (South Oman) salt Basin 2, 15, 151, 152, 156, 157, iron oxide 98, 107 234, 239, 243, 252 silica 97–98, 104–106 Ara Stringer Carbonate 19 compaction 94 Arabian Plate 2,14–15 diagenesis 108–109 Arabian Platform facies analysis 94, 95, 96, 97 Constituent terrane 231 grain contacts 95–97, 99–101 cross-section 232 mineralogy 94 geology map 231 outcrop area 93 location 230 porosity study salt basins 236 methods of analysis 92, 94 Arabian Shield results 107–108 constituent terranes 230–231 Bhander Group 64, 66, 67, 75, 76, 80–82, 82–83, 87, geology map 231 91, 92 location 230 Bhawal well 124 salt basins 236 Bhima–Kaladgi Basin 20 aragonite seas 239 Bhima Basin 6, 59, 60, 278, 279 Arangi Shale Formation 24, 67, 92 basin ﬁll Aravalli Formation 64, 65 biostratigraphy 280 Aravalli Group 67 geochronology 278–280 Aravalli Platform 2 stratigraphy 278 Aravalli–Delhi Group 20 Pc–C fossil evidence 277 Aravalli–Delhi orogenic belt 91 Bhima Group 277 Archaeofavosina 280 biostratigraphy 280, 289, 291 Arumberia 140 fossil systematics Asan Sandstone 67 biological afﬁnities 287, 289 Athel silicilyte play 19, 154 Pararenicola 286, 288 Australia 21 Protoarenicola 283–285 Awatage Formation 165, 169, 170 Sinosabelidites 281–283 Ayan Formation 190 taphonomy 289 296 INDEX

Bhima Group (Continued) Central Angara terrane 180, 181, 182 geochronology 278–280 Central Crystalline Zone of Himalayas 201, 202, 203, stratigraphy 278 205, 206 Bhima–Kaladagi Basin 27,72 Central Iranian Plate 124 Bijaigarh Shale 67, 92 Chadobets Uplift 185 Bijawar Group 20, 67 Chagqing gas province 26 Bijawar synclise 22 Chail Group 204, 205, 206 Bijaygargh black shale 23 Chail thrust 203, 205 Bijnot well 124 Chaman Fault 124 Bikaner–Nagaur Basin 2, 10, 19, 20, 21, 29, 59, 60 Chaman–Moqur Fault 124 cross-section 63 Chambal Valley Vindhyans petroleum system 8, 20, exploration history 61 21, 25 hydrocarbon shows 62 generation–migration–entrapment model 52–53 map 62 geochemistry 50 setting 61 hydrocarbon shows 50–51 Bikaner-Nagaur petroleum system 56 reservoir rocks 51 hydrocarbon shows 54 seal rocks 51 reservoir rocks 55 source rocks 51–52 source rocks 56 trap types 51 tectonic setting 53–54 Chandi Formation 72 trap types 55 Chandrapur Group 71, 72 Bilara Dolomite Formation 5, 62, 63, 64, 65, 87, 118, Chaporidah Shale 72 119, 120 Charkaria Shale 67, 69 reservoir characteristics 120 Chemostratigraphy, Krol Formation 272 Bilara Group 77, 78, 84–85, 132, 235 Chhattisgarh Basin 6, 20, 27, 59, 60,71–72 Bilaspur thrust 203, 205 map 72 Billianwala Salt Member 113 stratigraphy 71–72 Binota Shale 67 Chhattisgarh Supergroup 71 Birmania Basin 77, 86–87 China Bisiankanet thrust 203, 205 hydrocarbon provinces 26, 32 Blaini Formation diamictites 204, 266, 272 Neoproterozoic fossil evidence 277 lithostratigraphy 267–268, 267, 268 Tarim Basin 2, 15–16, 32, 163 bloedite 238 basement 165 Bouguer anomaly data, Vindhyan Basin 64, 65, 68 evolution 169, 171 brine chemistry 238–239 hydrocarbon prospectivity 172–173 bromine, concentration in Ara evaporites 239 map 164 Buah Formation 15, 152, 153, 154, 156, 233, 234, 239, stratigraphy 165–169 240, 253, 254, 257 Tarim block 24, 163 Buaigarh Shale 67 origin 163–165 Bundelkhand massif (granites/gneisses) 20, 21, 25, 64, 66, Chistyakov Formation 186 67, 78, 91 Chitravati Basin 34 Bundi Hill Sandstone 67, 76, 83, 87 Chitravati Formation 35 Bysykhtakh field 191 Chitravati Group 71 Chopan Formation 67 d13C, Chorhat Sandstone 92 excursions 15, 141, 145–146 Chur thrust 203 Bhima Group 280 Churaria 277, 280 Huqf Supergroup 251, 254 Cis-Patom Trough 1–2, 4, 178, 179, 183, 189 Krol Formation 273 hydrocarbon potential 190, 192 Ganga Basin hydrocarbons 39 Cis-Sayan Synclise 178, 179, 182, 183, 185, 189 calcite seas 239 hydrocarbon potential 190, 194–195 Cambrian Period, base defined 232 Cis–Sayan–Yenisey Synclise 3 cap rocks see seal rocks Cloudina 239, 242, 251 carbonaceous compression fossils of Bhima Group Cryogenian Period 111, 112, 232 biostratigraphy 280, 289, 291 Abu Mahara Group fossil systematics age of volcaniclastics 232 biological affinities 287, 289 microfossil assemblage 15, 254–255, 258 Pararenicola 286, 288 stratigraphy 152, 153, 155, 156, 253 Protoarenicola 283–285 Blaini Formation diamictites 204, 266, 272 Sinosabelidites 281–283 lithostratigraphy 267–268, 267, 268 taphonomy 289 Cuddapah Basin 7, 14, 19, 20, 27, 59, 60,70 carnallite 238, 239 geotectonic elements 34 cathodoluminescence petrography 272 map 71 Ceno-Tethys 24 stratigraphy 71 INDEX 297

Cuddapah Petroleum System 34 Fahud Salt Basin 15, 151, 152, 155, 234, 252 Cuddapah Superbasin 2, 6–7, 19, 20, 20, 21,36 Fara Formation 232, 233, 234 sub-basins 27,34 Fawn Limestone 92 Cuddapah Supergroup, seal rocks 34–35 Fiq Formation 152, 153 Cuddapah Superpetroleum System 35, 36 fossil and microfossil assemblages Cuddapah synclise 20, 22 Bhima Group 277 Cumbum Shales 35 systematics Pararenicloa 286, 288 Dagshai Formation 204 Protoarenicola 283–285 Damantha Group 117 (Is it Samantha or Damantha, his Sinosabelidites 281–283 previous pub. use Samantha, but in this Huqf Supergroup vol. he has used Damantha, A. Jamil) methods of analysis 254 Danilova Regional Horizon 189, 190, 191 results 254 Darbula well 124 Abu Mahara Group 254–255 Deccan Trap-Concealed Vindhayans 9, 25, 29,53 Ara Group 257, 259 Delhi orogeny 37 Nafun Group 255–257 Delhi Supergroup 131, 133 results discussed 259–261 Deoband Formation 24, 67, 92 Marwar Supergroup 78 Deonar Porcellanite 67 Vindhyan Supergroup 76 Desu Formation 234, 235 Dhahir borehole 255, 255 Ganauli well 40 Dhanapa Dolomite 78,85 Gandak depression 30, 37, 38, 43, 45 Dhanapa Formation 133, 140, 143 Ganga Valley see Vindhyan Ganga Valley Dhandraul Quartzite 67, 92 Ganga Valley petroleum system 7–8, 19, 21, 25, 30–31, Dhandraul Sandstone 67 36, 39, 41, 42 Dharamsala Group 202, 203, 206 generation 39 Dhermund well 124 geochemistry 39–40 Dholpura Shale 76,83 geotechnical elements 37–39 Dial well 124, 127 hydrocarbon shows 40–41 diamictite, Blaini Formation 204, 266, 272 Mesoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic petroleum system lithostratigraphy 267–268, 267, 268 generation–migration–entrapment model diapirism, Persian Gulf Basin 235 43–44 Dobchur well 187 geotechnical elements 37–39 Domarkhoka Quartzite 67 reservoirs 41 Doran Granite 233 source rocks 43 Doushantuo Formation 252 subsidence history 44–45 traps 41, 43 East Angara terrane 180, 181, 182 Ordovician–Silurian petroleum system 44–45 East Nahan thrust 203, 205 Siwalik Cenozoic petroleum system 45 East Vindhyan Basin see Vindhyan Son Valley Ganurgarh Shale 24, 67, 76, 81, 82 Ediacaran Period 111, 112, 232, 251 Garhwal syncline 266 strata Gaskiers glaciation 254 Krol Formation 202, 204, 266 generation–migration–entrapment models chemostratigraphy 272 Chambal Valley Vindhyans 52–53 diagenesis 271–272 Cuddapah system 36 facies 268–271 Ganga Valley 43, 45 stratigraphy 265–267 Son Valley Vindhyans 49–50 Nafun Group 15, 152, 153, 155, 156, 234, 253 geochemistry, Ganga Basin hydrocarbons 39 age of 232 Germinosphaera 255, 255, 256, 256, 257, microfossil assemblage 255–257 258, 259 stratigraphy 233 Ghaba Salt Basin 15, 151, 152, 155, 234, 252 Qegebulake Formation 165, 167, 168 Ghadir Manqil Formation 15, 156, 253 Salt Range Formation 112, 113, 115, 116, Ghaghar Sandstone 67 149, 233 Ghubrah Formation 152, 153 composition 238 Ghudun Basin 236 petroleum system elements 158 Girbhakar Formation 133, 139, 140, 142 sedimentology 243–244 Girbhakar Sandstone Member 113, 119 stratigraphy 149–150, 149 Giri thrust 203 compared with Oman and Rajasthan 157–160 Gondwana supercontinent 21, 24, 26, 135 Sugaitebulake Formation 165, 167, 168, 171 assembly 31, 160, 244–245 Enisey Ridge 179, 180, 181, 182, 185, 190 Infracambrian petroleum systems 19 Eocambrian, deﬁned 235 Gotan Formation 133, 140 Erinpura Granite 131, 133 Gotan Limestone 78,85 evaporite chemistry 238–239 Govindgarh Sandstone 67, 76 298 INDEX

Granomarginata 280 facies 268–271 Great Boundary Fault 78 stratigraphy 265–267 Gudur Limestone 280 Krol Group 5, 202, 204, 206, 265 Gulcheru quartzite 34 Sub-Himalaya Zone 13, 201, 202, 206 Gwalior Group 20, 67 Indus-Tsangpo Suture Zone 201, 202 gypsum 238 Main Boundary Thrust 201, 202, 205 Main Central Thrust 201, 202 Hadash Formation 152, 153, 156, 253, 254, 255 Main Frontal Thrust 201, 202, 203, 205 Haima Supergroup 156 South Tibet Detachment System 201, 202 Hanseran Evaporite Group 15, 132, 235 Tethyan Sedimentary Zone 201, 202 composition 238–239 Hormuz Evaporites Series (Formation), age 233, sedimentology 243–244 234, 235 stratigraphic setting 62, 63, 64, 65, 84, 85, 133, Hormuz Salt Basins 15 142–146, Hulkal Formation 277, 278, 279, 280 Haripur thrust 203, 205 Huqf Supergroup 2, 2, 5, 15, 21 Harwal Formation 279, 280 distribution map 252 Haushi Group 156 microfossil assemblages Hawasina Thrust Sheet 151 methods of analysis 254 Hazara Formation 113 results 254 helium 177 Abu Mahara Group 254–255 concentration in Siberian petroleum 1 Ara Group 257, 259 Higher Himalayan Crystalline Zone 201, 202, 203, Nafun Group 255–257 205, 206 results discussed 259–261 Himalayan Frontal Fault 201 stratigraphy 150, 152, 153–154, 233, 252–254 Himalayas compared with Pakistan and Rajasthan Central Crystalline Zone (Higher Himalayan 157–160 Crystalline Zone) 201, 202, 203, 205, 206 ichnofossils 139 Fold–Thrust Belt India hydrocarbon potential 225–226 Infracambrian 232–233 entrapment and play types 223 petroleum systems 27–29 stratigraphicy petroliferous basins map 20 Cenozoic 221–223 salt basins 238 Neoproterozoic–Cambrian 220–221 superpetroleum system 33 seismic reflection profiles Indian Plate 2, 6–11, 124 methods 207 Central 13–14 results North, West India and Pakistan 2, 5, 13 balanced cross-sections Southern 14 Morni 209, 210–211 see also Himalayas Nahan 207–210 Indus Basin 2, 9–10, 29 Subathu 211, 212 Indus Platform, stratigraphy 114 restored cross-sections Indus-Tsangpo Suture Zone 201, 202 Morni 209, 211 Infra-Krol Formation 204, 265, 266 Nahan 208, 211 Infracambrian Subathu 212 defined 123, 229, 232 results discussed Pakistan see Kirthar Fold Belt slip and shortening 219–220 Persian Gulf Basin 232–233, 234 structural evolution Iran Morni 215–219 Infracambrian stratigraphy 232–233, 234 Nahan 213–215 salt basins 236–237, 236 Subathu 219 Irkineeva Chadobets rift 179 stratigraphic correlations 114, 115, 116, 117 Iremeken Formation 190 summary Irkineeva Uplift 185, 186 shortening 225 Irkutsk well 187 structural evolution 224–225 Irlakonda Quartzite 34 structural geometry 223–224 Isakov terrane 180, 181, 189 Zones isotope studies see d13C; d18O, 87Sr/86Sr Lesser (Lower) Himalaya Zone 13, 201, 202, 203, 206 Jabera well 69 Blaini Formation diamictites 204, 266, 272 Jacutianema 257, 258 lithostratigraphy 267–268, 267, 268 Jamal Formation 35 Krol Formation 202, 204, 266 Jammu Limestone 117 chemostratigraphy 272 Jardepahar Porcellanite 67, 69 diagenesis 271–272 Jarja thrust 203, 205 INDEX 299

Jaunsar Formation 204 Kundair Formation 35 Jaunsar Group 5, 202, 204, 206 Kundrapalle Sandstone 279, 280 Jaunsar thrust 203, 205 Kunlun Shan 164 Jhatpat well 124 Kurnool Basin 7, 27,34 Jhelum Group 149, 150 Kurnool Group 70, 71 Jhiri Shale 67, 69, 76, 80, 92 Kurnool Petroleum System 34, 35 Jiran Sandstone 67 Kurosegawa block 24 Jiuliqiao Formation 277 Kussak Formation 149, 150 Jodhpur Formation 5, 62, 63, 64, 65, 117, 118, Kuyumba ﬁeld 191 119–120, 235 reservoir characteristics 120 Lahan borehole 257, 258 Jodhpur Group 77, 78, 84, 87, 132 Lakheri Limestone 76, 80, 82–83, 87 Jutana Dolomite Formation 117, 149, 150 Lameta Formation 67 Jutogh Group 204, 205, 206 Langbeinite 238 Jutogh thrust 203 Leiosphaeridia 255, 255, 256, 256, 259, 280 Lena Tunguska Basin 21 Kaimur Formation 21, 24, 69 Lena Tunguska oil and gas province 178, 190 Kaimur Group 64, 66, 67, 75, 76,79 leonite 238 kainite 238 Lesser (Lower) Himalaya Zone 13, 201, 202, Kajrahat Formation 24, 92 203, 206 Kajrahat Limestone Member 67, 69, 92 Blaini Formation diamictites 204, 266, 272 Kaladgi Basin 59, 60 lithostratigraphy 267–268, 267, 268 Kalmia Sandstone 67 Krol Formation 202, 204, 266 Kamo Arch 188, 190, 191 chemostratigraphy 272 Karagas Group 184 diagenesis 271–272 Karampur well 124, 127 facies 268–271 Karnapur Formation 21, 23, 30, 32, 40, 42,45 stratigraphy 265–267 karstiﬁcation 2, 3 Krol Group 5, 202, 204, 206, 265 Kartochka Formation 186 Lhasa block 24 Kasauli Formation 204 Lilla well 124 Katamdeverahalli Formation 278, 279, 280 lithosphere, depth to base 230 Keping Shan Thrust Belt 163, 164, 165, 167 Liulaobei Formation 277 Kerman Evaporites 15 Lophosphaeridium 280 Khairmalia Andesite 67 Lophotriletes 280 Khajari well 127 Lower Himalaya see under Lesser Himalaya Khardeola Sandstone 67 Lower Vindhyan Group (Semri Group) 21, 23, 24, 64, 66, Khatanga Saddle 2, 4, 178, 179, 181, 183, 185 67, 75, 76, 92 hydrocarbon potential 191, 194 Lut Block 244 Kheinjua Formation 24, 67, 92 Khewra Sandstone Formation 149, 150, 235 MacArthur Basin 21 Khichan Conglomerate 85 Madhubani depression 31, 37, 38, 43, 44 Khisor Formation 117, 150 subsidence history 44 Khorkich well 187 Madhubani Formation 21, 23 Khufai Formation 15, 152, 153, 156, 233, 234, 253, Madra Formation 190 254, 255 Maghreb Petroleum Research Group vii 1 kieserite 238, 239 Mahakoshal Group 67 Kirthar Fold Belt 2 Maher Sandstone 67 cross-section 128 Maihar Sandstone 76, 82, 83, 87 hydrocarbon potential 129 Main Boundary Thrust 201, 202, 205 map 126 Main Central Thrust 201, 202 stratigraphy 126–129 Main Frontal Thrust 201, 202, 203, 205 structures 125–126 Majhauli thrust 203 tectonic setting 123, 125 Majhgawan Kimberlite 77, 79 Koilkuntla Limestone 70 Makarem Field 2 Kolamnala Shales 35 Makarem High 151, 155 Koldaha Shale 67, 92 Makran Accretionary Prism 124 Korla Shale 279, 280 Makran Fold Belt 14, 151 Kota Low 65 Malani Formation 64, 65 Krol Formation 202, 204, 266 Malani Igneous Suite 77, 131–134 chemostratigraphy 272 Mangesar Formation 67 diagenesis 271–272 Marinoan glaciation 112, 265, 272 facies 268–271 Marot well 124 stratigraphy 265–267 Marsonia artiyans 139, 140 Krol Group 5, 202, 204, 206, 265 Marvi well 124, 127 300 INDEX

Marwar Basin (Nagaur Basin) 75 life form diversification 59 hydrocarbon potential 87 subdivisions 112 map 79 Nepa Arch 190 stratigraphy 77, 78,84–86 Nepa Botuoba High 2, 4 Marwar Supergroup (Trans-Aravalli Vindhyans) 5, 77, 78, Nepa-Botuoba Anticlise 178, 179, 183, 84–86, 117, 134–135, 138 185, 189 fossil assemblages 78 hydrocarbon potential 192–193 hydrocarbon potential 147–148 Nepa Regional Horizon 185, 188–189, 190 stratigraphy 133 Nimbahera Limestone 67,79 Bilara Group 84–85, 138, 140–142 Nimur Formation 233 Hanseran Evaporite Group 85, 138, Nimur Group 156, 253, 254 142–146 North China plate/terrane 15–16, 24 Jodhpur Group 84, 138–140 North Oman Salt Basin 2 Nagaur Group 85–86, 138, 146 North-West Rajasthan Shelf 29 stratigraphy compared with Oman and Pakistan North-West Rajasthan Superbasin 20 157–160 see also Bikaner-Nagaur Basin also Bikaner-Nagaur Marwat well 124 petroleum system Masirah Bay Formation 15, 152, 153, 156, 233, 253, 254, NW Hainan block 24 255, 255 Masirah Transform Fault 14, 151 d18O, Bhima Group limestones 280 Masirah Trough 151 Officer Basin 21 Mazarani well 124 Olenek Uplift 179, 181 Mehar well 124, 127 Olive Shale 92 Meso-Tethys 24 Oman 2, 11, 14–15, 21 Mesoproterozoic, atmospheric character 59 Huqf Supergroup 2, 2, 5, 15, 21 methane anomalies 38 distribution map 252 microfossil assemblages microfossil assemblages Huqf Supergroup methods of analysis 254 methods of analysis 254 results 254 results 254 Abu Mahara Group 254–255 Abu Mahara Group 254–255 Ara Group 257, 259 Ara Group 257, 259 Nafun Group 255–257 Nafun Group 255–257 results discussed 259–261 results discussed 259–261 stratigraphy 150, 152, 153–154, 233, 252–254 mirabilite 238 compared with Pakistan and Rajasthan Mohana Limestone 67, 69 157–160 Muddebihal Conglomerate 279, 280 Infracambrian Mulkod Limestone 280 sedimentology 239–244 Mussoorie syncline 266 stratigraphy 233, 234 map 252 Nafun Basin, segmentation 234 salt basins 236, 236 Nafun Group 15, 152, 153, 155, 156, 234, 253 South Oman (Ara) Salt Basin 2, 15, 151, 152, 156, age of 232 157, 234, 239, 243, 252 microfossil assemblage 255–257 tectonic elements 151 stratigraphy 233 Ooidium 280 Nagaur Basin see Marwar Basin Ornach–Nal Transform 124 Nagaur Formation 62, 63, 64, 65, 133, 146, 147 Oselok Group 184 Nagaur Group 77, 78, 85–86, 133, 146, 235 Oskoba Formation 190 Nagaur Sandstone 78,85 Owk Shales 35–36, 70 Nagaur–Ganganagar Basin 132, 135, 145 oxygen, atmospheric build-up 59 Nagod Limestone 67 Nagthat Formation 266 Pakistan Najid fault system 15, 230 Infracambrian stratigraphy 232–233, 235 Nalagarh thrust 203, 205 Kirthar Fold Belt 2 Nallamalai Formation 35 cross-section 128 Nallamalai Group 71 hydrocarbon potential 129 Namacalathus 239, 242, 251 map 126 Nanda-yal shale 36, 70 stratigraphy 126–129 Nanuwala well 147, 148 structures 125–126 Narji Limestone 70 tectonic setting 123, 125 Narmada-Son Lineament 78 map 113 Neoproterozoic era Neoproterozoic occurrence 111, 112, 113 beginning of 77 reservoir quality 117–120 defined 111 salt basins 236, 238 INDEX 301

Salt Range Formation 112, 113, 115, 116, 149–150, Rabanpalli Formation 279, 280 149, 233, 243–244 Raipur Group 71, 72 composition 238 Rajasthan petroleum system elements 158 map 132 stratigraphy compared with Oman and Rajasthan see also North-West Rajasthan also Western Rajasthan 157–160 Rajasthan Shelf 19 Palaeo-Tethys 24 Rajasthan syncline 20 palaeogeography Rajgarh thrust 203 Mesoproterozoic 21–23 Rampur black shale 23, 24, 92 Neoproterozoic 5, 22, 23, 135 Rampur Glauconite 67 Vendian 188 Rampur Low (Depression) 37, 38 Palri Shale 67 Ranon thrust 203 Pangaea, break-up 124 rare earth element record, Huqf Supergroup 251 Panium Quartzite 70 Ravar Formation 234, 235 Panna Shale 67, 76, 80, 92 Ravoor Limestone 280 Paonta thrust 203, 205 Reasi Inlier 11 Papaghani Formation 35 reservoir rocks Papaghani Group 71 Bikaner–Nagaur petroleum system 55 Parara thrust 203, 205 Chambal Valley Vindhyans 51 Pararenicola 286, 288 Cuddapah system 34 Parshina well 187 Ganga Valley 41 Persian Gulf Basin Siberian platform 190–191 cross-section 232 Son Valley Vindhyans 48 defined 229 Vindhyan Basin 70 diapirism 235 Rewa Formation 21, 24, 91, 92 Infracambrian 232–233 Rewa Group 64, 66, 67, 75, 76, 79, 80, 82, 87, maps 230, 231 91, 92 salt basins 236 Riphean, Siberian Platform 1, 2, 3 petroleum system, defined 33 Rizu Formation 233, 234 phosphorite deposits 15 Rodinia 20, 21, 30–31, 132, 135, 178 Planolites 139 Rohtas Formation 24, 67, 69, 75, 79 Pogoryuy Formation 186 Rohtas Group 64 Polkaran Boulder Bed 78, 119, 133, 138–139 Rohtas Limestone Member 92 polyhalite 238, 239 Russia see Siberia and Siberian Platform Pondlu Dolomite Formation 78, 85, 133, 140, 144 d34S record, Huqf Supergroup 251 Porcellanite Formation 24 Sagyun well 127 Potoskuy Formation 186 Sahaspur depression 37 Potwar Plateau 2 Sahwal Marl Member 112 Potwar Superbasin 11 Salt Range Basin 11 Precambrian petroleum systems 26 Salt Range Formation 112, 113, 115, 116, Precambrian–Cambrian boundary, fossil 149, 233 evidence 277 composition 238 Predivinsk terrane 180, 181, 189 petroleum system elements 158 Proterozoic Eon sedimentology 243–244 basins of India stratigraphy 149–150, 149 development 59 compared with Oman and Rajasthan 157–160 exploration rationale 60–61 Salt Range Thrust 201 petroleum potential 59–60 Samria Shale 67, 76, 83, 87 defined 59 Sangrah thrust 203 Protoarenicola 283–285 Saqlah Formation 152, 153 Protoleiosphaeridium 280 Sarai-Sidhu well 124, 127 Pterospermopsimorpha 255, 255, 256 Sarauli thrust 203 Punjab Saline Series 235 Sarda depression 30, 37, 38, 42,43 Punjab Shelf 2 thermal maturation model 43–44 Sasaram Sandstone 67 Qaidam block 24 Satpura orogenic belt 91 Qatar Saudi Arabia Infracambrian stratigraphy 234 Infracambrian stratigraphy 234 salt basins 236–237, 236 salt basins 236–237, 236 Qegebulake Formation 165, 167, 168 Sawa Sandstone 67 Qiangtang block 24 Scarp Sandstone 92 Qilang Formation 165, 169 Schismatosphaeridium 280 Qiulitage Formation 165, 170 SE Hainan block 24 302 INDEX seal rocks Siwalik Group 202, 203, 206 Chambal Valley Vindhyans 51 Skolithos 139 Cuddapah system 34–35 Soltanieh 234 Ganga Valley 43 Soman Scarp Sandstone 67 India 27, 28, 29 Son Valley Vindhyans petroleum system 9, 20, 21, Indian Plate 6–11 25, 37 North China 12 generation 49–50 Oman 11–12 geochemistry 45, 48 Siberian Platform 2, 3, 4 hydrocarbon shows 45 Son Valley Vindhyans 48 reservoirs 48 Vindhyan Basin 70 seal rocks 48 Sedam Limestone 280 source rocks 48–49 Sedam Subgroup 278 tectonic framework 45 Semri Group (Lower Vindhyan Group) 21, 23, 24, 64, 66, trap types 48 67, 75, 76, 92 Son–Narmada lineament 91 Seychelles microcontinent 132 Sonia Formation 133, 138–139, 140, 141 Shahabad Formation 278, 279, 280 Sonia Sandstone Member 117, 119 Shajahanpur well 40 source rocks 23 Shimla Formation 204 Bikaner–Nagaur petroleum system 56 Shimla Group 5, 202, 204, 206 Chambal Valley Vindhyans 51–52 Shuram Formation 15, 152, 153, 156, 233, 234, 253, 254, Cuddapah system 35–36 256–257 Ganga Valley 43 age of 232 India 27, 28, 29 d13C excursion 15, 242–243 Indian Plate 6–11 Siberia (East), hydrocarbon reserves 177, 178 North China 12 Siberian Plate/Craton 1–2, 178, 179 Oman 11–12 Siberian Platform 2 Siberian Plate 3, 4 geological setting 177–178 Siberian Platform 190 isopach map 180 Son Valley Vindhyans 48–49 petroleum potential 190 Tilhar Formation 45 localities South China terrane 24 Angara-Lena Step 193–194 South Oman (Ara) Salt Basin 2, 15, 151, 152, 156, 157, Baykit Anticlise 195–196 234, 239, 243, 252 Cis-Patom Trough 192 South Tibet Detachment System 201, 202 Cis-Sayan Synclise 194–195 87Sr/86Sr geochemistry, Bhima Group 280 Khatanga Saddle 194 Srisailam Basin 34 Nepa-Botuoba Anticlise 192–193 Srisailam Formation 35 maturation and migration 191–192 Sturtian glaciation 112 reservoir rocks 190–191 Sub-Himalaya Zone 13, 201, 202, 206 source rocks 190 Subathu Group 202, 203 stratigraphy 181–182, 183 Subluk Formation 184 post-Vendian 189 subsidence history, Madhubani depression 44 Riphean 182, 185 Sugaitebulake Formation 165, 167, 168, 171 Vendian 185–189 Suji well 124, 127 Danilova Regional Horizon 189, 190, 191 Suket Shale 67,79 Nepa Regional Horizon 185, 188–189, 190 Sulaiman Fold Belt 2 Tira Regional Horizon 189, 190 Sulaiman Range 238 Vilyuychan Regional Horizon 185, 190 Sundarnagar Formation 117 tectonic evolution 178–181 Super Marwar Group 53 Sibumasu block 24 superpetroleum system, defined 33 Sichuan Basin 32,33 Vindhyan Superpetroleum System 36 Sichuan gas province 26 trap-concealed Vindhyans 9, 25, 29,53 Siddanpalli Kimberlite 278 Vindhyan Chambal Valley 25, 28, 31,50–53 silicilyte 241–242 Vindhyan Ganga Valley 23, 25, 28, 30, 31, 32,37–41 defined 234 Vindhyan Son Valley 41,45–50 depositional model 242 Surajpur thrust 203 Singoli High 64, 65, 68 Susnai Breccia 67, 92 Sinosabelidites 281–283 sylvite 238, 239 Siphonophycus 255, 255, 259 Sirban Formation 11 Tadpatri Shale 35, 70 Sirbu Shale 24, 67, 76, 81–82, 83, 87, 92 Tal Formation 204, 266 Sirohi Group 131, 133 Talakhan well 187 Siwalik Cenozoic petroleum system 45 Tanaki Member 112 Siwalik formations (Lower; Middle; Upper) 204 Taoudenni Basin 21 INDEX 303

Tarim Basin 2, 15–16, 32, 163 Upper Carbonate Formation 62, 63, 64, 65 basement 165 Upper Indus Basin 11 evolution 169, 171 Upper Vindhyan Group 21, 23, 24,64 hydrocarbon prospectivity 172–173 Bhander Group 64, 66, 67, 75, 76, 80–82, 82–83, 87, map 164 91, 92 stratigraphy 165–169 Kaimur Group Tarim block 24, 163 Rewa Group origin 163–165 Urik-Iya rift 179 Tarim gas province 26 Urimiah-Dokhtar arc 232 Tawuia 277 Ust’Biryuk well 187 Tejam Group 117 Ust’lk well 187 Tethyan Sedimentary Zone 201, 202 Tethys Ocean 24 Vanavara well 187 Thamoud borehole 256, 257 Vedreshev Formation 190 thermal maturation model, Sarda depression 43–44 Vempally Limestone 70 Thuleilat Formation 154 Vempelle Shales 35 Tianshanian orogeny 30 Vendian, Siberian Platform 1, 2, 3, 4 Tien Shan orogenic belt 163, 164 Vendotaenia 258 Tilhar Formation 21, 23, 30, 32, 40, 42,45 Verkhnevilyuchan well 187 Tilhar well 40 Vilyuychan Regional Horizon 185, 190 time-temperature index (TTI) modelling, Vindhyan Vindhyan Basin 13–14, 20, 21, 22, 36, 59, 60,75 Basin 70 Bouguer anomalies 64, 65, 68 Tira Regional Horizon 189, 190 hydrocarbon potential 83 Tirohan Group 67 location 63, 75, 91 Tirohan Limestone 75, 79 map 66, 77, 93 Tisua well 30, 40 reservoir rocks 70 Tonian Period 111, 112 seal rocks 70 Tortunema 257 stratigraphy 64 Trans-Aravalli Vindhyans see Marwar Supergroup see also Vindhyan Supergroup trap types sub-basins Bikaner–Nagaur petroleum system 55 Chambal Valley see Vindhyan Chambal Valley Chambal Valley Vindhyans 51 Son Valley see Vindhyan Son Valley Cuddapah system 35 Vindhyan Chambal Valley (West Vindhyan Basin) Ganga Valley 41, 43 petroleum system 8, 20, 21, 25, 28, 31, 50–53, 69 India 27, 28, 29 generation-migration-entrapment model 52–53 Indian Plate 6–11 geochemistry 50 North China 12 hydrocarbon shows 50–51 Siberian Platform 2, 3, 4 reservoir rocks 51 Son Valley Vindhyans 48 seal rocks 51 Trap-Concealed Vindhyans see Deccan Trap source rocks 51–52 Trematosphaeridium 280 trap types 51 Tunklian Sandstone Formation 78, 85, 133, 146, 147, 148 seismic section 68 Turkestan Ocean 163, 164 stratigraphy 63, 82–83 Vindhyan Group U-shale Formation 154 Lower (Semri Group) 21, 23, 24, 64, 66, 67, 75, 76, 92 Uderey Formation 186 Upper 21, 23, 24, 67 Ujhani Formation 21, 23, 30, 32, 41, 42,43 Bhander Group 80–82, 82–83, 91, 92 United Arab Emirates (UAE) Kaimur Group 64, 66, 67, 75, 76, 79, 91, 92 Infracambrian stratigraphy 234 Rewa Group 64, 66, 67, 75, 76, 79, 80, 82, 87, 91, 92 salt basins 236–237, 236 Vindhyan Son Valley (East Vindhyan Basin) 25, 28 Upper Bhander Sandstone petroleum system 9, 20, 21, 25, 37, 41, 45–50, 69–70 cements 97, 102–103 generation 49–50 clay matrix 107 geochemistry 45, 48 iron oxide 98, 107 hydrocarbon shows 45 silica 97–98, 104–106 reservoirs 48 compaction 94 seal rocks 48 diagenesis 108–109 source rocks 48–49 facies analysis 94, 95, 96, 97 tectonic framework 45 grain contacts 95–97, 99–101 trap types 48 mineralogy 94 stratigraphy 63, 80–82 outcrop area 93 Vindhyan Superbasin 2, 7–9, 19, 20, 20, 21, 25, 28–29 porosity study Vindhyan Supergroup methods of analysis 92, 94 fossil assemblages 76 results 107–108 stratigraphy 67, 75, 76, 92 304 INDEX

Vindhyan Supergroup (Continued) Marwar Supergroup (Trans-Aravalli Vindhyans) 5, 77, Bhander Group 80–82, 82–83, 91, 92 78, 84, 117, 134–135, 138 Kaimur Group 64, 66, 67, 75, 76, 79, 91, 92 fossil assemblages 78 Rewa Group 64, 66, 67, 75, 76, 79, 80, 82, hydrocarbon potential 147–148 91, 92 stratigraphy 133 Semri Group 21, 23, 24, 64, 66, 67, 75, 76, 92 Bilara Group 84–85, 138, 140–142 tectonic setting 91 Hanseran Evaporite Group 85, 138, 142–146 Vindhyan Superpetroleum System 36 Jodhpur Group 84, 138–140 trap-concealed Vindhyans 9, 25, 29,53 Nagaur Group 85–86, 138, 146 Vindhyan Chambal Valley 25, 28, 31,50–53 stratigraphy compared with Oman and Pakistan Vindhyan Ganga Valley 23, 25, 28, 30, 31, 32, 157–160 37–41 Woyla terrane 24 Vindhyan Son Valley 41,45–50 Vindhyan synclise 20, 22 Xiaoerbulake Formation 165, 167, 169, 170

Wadi Limestone 280 Yingan Formation 165, 170 Warnali well 124 Yurtsi Formation 165, 167, 169 Weiyuan gas ﬁeld 33 Yurubchen ﬁeld 191 West African Craton 21 West Burma block 24 Zagros Fold and Thrust Belt 14 West Siberian Sedimentary Basin 2 cross-section 232 West Vindhyan Basin see Vindhyan Chambal Valley hydrocarbon reserves 229 Western Boundary Thrust 123, 124 Zagros imbricate zone 232 Western Deformation Front 246 Zagros orogenic belt 232 Western Rajasthan 131 location 230 basement 131–134 Zagros suture 232