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Marwar Supergroup, Rajasthan, India the Societyofearth Scientists, INDIA Mukund Sharma S Marwar Supergroup, Rajasthan, India Mukund Sharma S. K. Pandey S. Kumar The Society of Earth Scientists, INDIA International Field Workshop International Field on the Field Guide International Field Workshop on the Marwar Supergroup, Rajasthan, western India (20th-28th January 2014) Mukund Sharma S. K. Pandey S. Kumar Organized by The Society of Earth Scientists C-207, Indira Nagar, Lucknow-226016, INDIA Co-sponsored by Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53 University Road, Lucknow-226007 , INDIA & Department of Geology, Jai Narayan Vyas University, Jodhpur-342001 , INDIA SES Field Guide - 1 The Marwar Supergroup, Rajasthan, western India Mukund Sharma S. K. Pandey Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53 University Road, Lucknow-226007 S. Kumar Centre of Advanced Study in Geology University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007 Bibliography compiled by V. K. Singh, Shamim Ahmad and S.C. Mathur (For limited circulation among the participants of the field workshop) Published by The Society of Earth Scientists C-207, Indira Nagar, Lucknow-226016 Uttar Pradesh, India Layout design - Mukund Sharma Printed by Dream Sketch Press, 36-A Bramh Nagar Lucknow-226020 Cover Page: Panoramic view of Sonia Sandstone at Khatu Village. First Inner cover: Route Map (top) and Columnar joints in Malani Rhyolites at Jodhpur. Back cover: Cruziana isp from the Nagaur Sandstone, Dulmera quarry, Bikaner. Issued: January 2014 CONTENTS Introduction 1 Prologue to the field workshop 4 Importance of field workshop 5 Malani Igneous Suite 5 Marwar Supergroup 7 Geological Setting 7 Jodhpur Group 8 Bilara Group 12 Hanseran Evaporite Group 13 Nagaur Group 14 Birmania Basin 16 Palaeontology 17 Isotope Chemostratigraphy 19 Tectonics and Structure 20 Basin Evolution 20 Palaeocurrent Analysis 23 Depositional Environment 23 Field Stops Stop 1 Antennae Hill Section 26 Stop 2 Mehrangarh Fort Section 27 Stop 3 Beri-Ganga Section 28 Stop 4 Daijar Mata Temple Section 29 Stop 5 Radar Hill Section 30 Stop 6 Sursagar Quarry Section – 1 (Sun-Moon Factory) 31 Stop 7 Sursagar Quarry Section – 2 (Gehlot Mine) 32 Stop 8 Sursagar Quarry Section – 3 (Giant Nodule) 33 Stop 9 Golasni Quarry Section 35 Stop 10 Devatara village Section 36 Stop 11 Artiyan Kalan Section – 1 36 Stop 12 Artiyan Kalan Section – 2 (Raut Ram ki Dhani) 39 Stop 13 Garasni Section 40 Stop 14 Asawari Temple Section 40 Stop 15 Jaswant Sagar Dam Section (Pichyak) 41 Stop 16 Pundlu Section 42 Stop 17 Dhanapa PHC Section 43 Stop 18 Tukliyan Hill Section 44 Stop 19 Kerali Mine Section (RSM) 44 Stop 20 Khimsar-Bhowanda-Manakpur Road Section 45 Stop 21 Chhoti Khatu Section 45 Stop 22 Dulmera Section 49 Stop 23 Khichan Section (Jain Dadawadi)/ Bhumiaji Temple Section 53 Stop 24 Pokaran Boulder Bed Section (Gafur Khan ki Dhani) 55 Stop 25 Baukan Section (MIS) 55 Bibliography 57 Abstracts 69 Acknowledgements The authors are thankful to Prof. Sunil Bajpai, Director, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow and Prof. S.C. Mathur, Head, Department of Geology, J.N.V. University, Jodhpur for support in organization of the International Field Workshop on the Marwar Supergroup, Rajasthan, western India. We are grateful to Prof. Shuhai Xiao, Chairman, International Sub-commission on Ediacaran stratigraphy, Prof. Loren Babcock, Chairman, International Sub-commission on Cambrian stratigraphy, Prof. Patricia Vickers-Rich, Chairman, IGCP-587, UltraTech Cement, Jodhpur, and Dr. S. K. Bhushan, Executive Director-Exploration, Ramgad Minerals & Mining Limited, Hospet for support and sponsoring the event. We are extremely obliged to the Geological Society of India, India; Current Science Association, Bangalore and Elsevier, Amsterdam for permitting us to reuse certain diagrams appeared in different journals published by them. We sincerely acknowledge the help and assistance rendered by colleagues at BSIP Mr. V. K. Singh, Dr. A. S. Rathore, Mr. Shamim Ahmad, Dr. A. H. Ansari, Ms Bandana Dimri and Mr. Syed Rashid Ali in preparation of the field guide book. Supported by Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi BRNS, Department of Atomic Energy, Govt. of India, Mumbai Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India, New Delhi International Sub-Commission on Cambrian Stratigraphy International Sub-Commission on Ediacaran Stratigraphy International Geological Correlation Programme-587 Jai Narayan Vyas University, Jodhpur Ramgad Minerals & Mining Limited, Hospet Welcome to the International Field Workshop The Organizing Committee of the International Field Workshop on the Marwar Supergroup, Rajasthan, western India is glad to welcome participants to Rajasthan-the geologically important and the culturally vibrant state of India. Geological past of this area encompasses successions from Precambrian to Recent time periods. Remanent of the Rodinia Supercontinent are found in the Nagaur – Ganganagar basin and the sedimentary sequences of the basin constitute the Marwar Supergroup (MSG). In recent past, various aspects of the geology of the MSG have been explored. Palaeobiology, biostratigraphy, palaeomagnetism, isotope geochemistry, geochronology, basin evolution, palaeobiogeography and hydrocarbon potentials of the basin are well established. These disciplines have attracted several research groups from India and abroad to study and examine the various interesting sections of the Marwar Supergroup. Studies were focused to understand the basin configuration, palaeolatitudinal situation in geological past and their relation with the global events during Cryogenian – Ediacaran – Cambrian. Palaeobiological data have increased exponentially regarding the understanding of early megascopic as well as microscopic life during the enigmatic Ediacaran and Cambrian Period of the Marwar Supergroup. Some of these studies have challenged established notions about the development of lithosphere and biosphere during the Neoproterozoic. The main aim of the workshop is to assess the recent developments in various fields. This workshop offers several interesting sections for the study of palaeobiology, sedimentology and biostratigraphy. 34 participants from countries like Argentina, China, Germany, Oman, Spain, UK, USA and India have confirmed their presence in the workshop. During 9 days field workshop, we will examine 25 stops covering the representative lithostratigraphy of the Marwar Supergroup. We have made all efforts to incorporate all the major specialities in the field workshop related to palaeobiology, sedimentology, geochronology and palaeomagnetism to suit various participants with their expertise. The programme consists of half day pre-field workshop formal inauguration in the afternoon of 20th January at Jodhpur in which a few lectures on the Malani Igneous Suite, Ediacaran- Cambrian palaeobiology, palaeo-position of the basin and stratigraphy of the Marwar Supergroup would be delivered by the invited speakers. During the field workshop we will be camping at Jodhpur, Nagaur, Bikaner and Jaisalmer (Sam) districts of the Rajasthan State. The valedictory session of the workshop will be held at Hotel Rajputana, Jodhpur on Tuesday 28th January 2014. In the intervening period, we will cover about 2500 km on wheels. Participants may fly back from Jodhpur on 28th January or stay back for enjoying the beauty and marvels of Rajasthan. In January, the average temperature in western India remains between 1º to 25º C. Nights are pretty cool. It is the best time for undertaking fieldwork in this part of India. We advise you to put on clothes in layers so that can be easily peeled off, if needed, during day time. It is requested that you wear hat and apply Sun-screen lotion in order to avoid direct harsh Sun-rays. Carry ample water while trekking. Drinking water and fruits will be available on the vehicles. Road conditions are good for most of the spots except some sectors where we have to negotiate our speed. Some of the sections are close to small towns where we could have some bumpy drive. Normally it is a dry spell of the year, we hope conditions would be kind enough, but occasionally planned stops may need alteration according to local road and weather conditions. The organizing committee is confident that you all will enjoy the trip and find the field workshop useful. Mukund Sharma Organizing Secretary Participants of the Field Workshop List of Participants Shamim Ahmad Bandana Dimri Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany 53 University Road 53 University Road Lucknow-226007 Lucknow-226007 India India Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Arif H. Ansari Bivin George Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany Physical Research Laboratory 53 University Road Navrangpura Lucknow-226007 Ahmedabad-380009 India India Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Ramson Asher Irene Gomez Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Petroleum Development Oman 9 Kaulagarh Road XGL1, PO Box 81 Dehradun-248195 Muscat 100 India Oman Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Sunil Bajpai Ajanta Goswami Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany Indian Institute of Remote Sensing 53 University Road 4 Kalidas Rd, Shakti Colony Lucknow-226007 Dehradun-248001 India India Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Balram Bhadu Naresh Kochhar Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Panjab University 9 Kaulagarh Road Sector 14 Dehradun-248195 Chandigarh-160014 India India Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Uday Bhan
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