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Overwinterende Jufferkraanvogels in Rajasthan, India

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Overwinterende Jufferkraanvogels in Rajasthan, India Overwinterende Jufferkraanvogels in Rajasthan, India Jules Philippona Inleiding Rusland in Centraal-Azië Jufferkraanvogels Anthropoides virgo broeden in het zuidoosten van en in de (Voous 1960). De meeste Jufferkranen overwinteren in het westen van India, met name staat niet bekend dat flink aantal van de soort een Gujarat (Perennou et al 1990). Tot voor kort was het een winterverblijfplaats heeft in het westen van de staat Rajasthan. Jautze in februari 1994 bedoelde Het Samen met enige andere personen bezocht Wim plaats. gaat Wim Jautze bezocht om het dorp Khichan (27°05’ N. en 72°20’ O.). Op basis van de aanwijzingen van 11-17 1995. 15-17 ik Khichan in de afgelopen winter. De bezoekperiode was januari Op januariwaren ook Janus en Liesbeth Verkerk van de partij. etmaal wel Sinds 1992 bestaat de Society for Cranes Protec- bedraagt. Aangezien per een paar honderd wordt de tion and Care en de secretaris van deze vereni- kg graan gegeven, lopen flink in ging Prakash Jain woont in Khichan. Hij bemoeit kosten van het project op vooral periode zich intensief met het wel en wee van de Juffer- dat er veel kraanvogels zijn. kranen. Vanouds overwinterde er bij Khichan Jufferkra- Klimaat een groep van minder dan honderd en landschap In het van overheerst een nen. Op beperkte schaal werden deze vogels westen Rajasthan onderdeel door bewoners van het dorp bijgevoerd. Halver- woestijnklimaat (BW). Het gebied is heeft Prakash Jain de de Thar of Indian Desert. Het valt op dat een wege de jaren tachtig aan van wat betreft rand van Khichan een ruimte van een halve hec- groot deel van het gebied vegetatie te tare laten omheinen met stenen palen en prikkel- eerder een steppe is. Dat is goed zien vanuit keer de trein die tussen Jaisalmer en Phalodi draad. Sindsdien wordt daar twee per dag rijdt (Khichan ligt daar vlakbij). Rond Khichan is het een hoeveelheid graan gestrooid. Eén of twee schaal hier daar wat jongens lopen met een gevuld met graan landschap grotendeels vlak, en Verder er met over het terrein en werpen dat met de hand uit. golvend. liggen enige complexen voorraad wordt in zandduinen in de buurt van het dorp. De vlakten Een flinke graan een stenen schuur in zakken bewaard. Het aantal kraanvo- ten oosten en noorden van de plaats zijn schaars begroeid. Vlakbij Khichan bevinden zich twee gels is geleidelijk gestegen en sinds de laatste kleine met eni- vijf jaar gaat het om totalen tussen tweeduizend meertjes een totaaloppervlakvan ha. en vijfduizend vogels. De kraanvogels bezoeken ge ochtend de Birds Feeding Home in de vroege en in de late namiddag. Het uitstrooien gebeurt in Dagindeling van de Jufferkranen de middag en ’s avonds in de duisternis, Na het foerageren in de Birds Feeding Home in ochtenduren de de Prakash Jain vertelde dat het voergraan milo de vliegen kraanvogels naar velden in de ook wordt heet en dat de prijs per kg 4 roepies (= f 0,25) omgeving, waar gefoera- Op beperkte schaal worden de vogels bij- gevoerd, Khlchan (Ra- jasthan). Foto: Jules Philippona. 211 Het Vogeljaar 43 (1995) 5 Na het foerageren in deBirds Fee- de ding Home bij Khichan vliegen Jufferkraanvogeis naar de velden in de omgeving. Foto: Jules Philippona. De geerd. Aan het eind van de ochtend vliegen ze in zelfde klinkt als van de jonge Kraanvogel. de volwassen Juffer sterk die groepen naar de genoemde meertjes. Door veel roep van lijkt op wal vogels wordt gedronken, een enkel exemplaar van zijn grotere verwant, is waarschijnlijk neemt een bad. Na enige tijd kunnen er bij de minder luid. meertjes duizenden Juffers aanwezig zijn. Voed- Resultaat van de leeftijdstellingen sel is daar niet of nauwelijks te vinden, in de na- Op totaal 1000 vogels: 879 volwassen en 121 jon- middag de kraanvogels in groepen naar de gaan is Pra- ge vogels. Het jongenpercentage 12,1. voerplaats. Na de maaltijd blijven de meeste kash Jain had als gemiddeldejongenpercentage in de voorlopig nog omgeving. Sommige groe- vijftien opgegeven. zandduinen pen zijn dan te zien op een complex honderd van de Conclusies een paar meter verwijderd voer- plaats. Tijdens en na zonsondergang vliegt Onder gunstige omstandigheden blijkt het mo- Het is zeker dat deel als Jufferkranen groep na groep weg. een gelijk te zijn om grote vogels van de vogels bij de meertjes overnacht. Andere door voedselaanbod sterk aan een bepaalde moeten dat doen op een plaats wel twintig km plaats te binden. Omdat er in Europa hier en van Khichan verwijderd. daar conflicten bestaan tussen het voorkomen De vogels zijn vooral op de voerplaats opvallend van Kraanvogels en landbouw zou het voorbeeld kunnen mak. dat hier is gegeven mogelijk van belang zijn bij het beheer van reservaten. Het aantal Jufferkranen Uniek voor India is het feit dat kraanvogels (en Enige keren werd geprobeerd de aantallen op de trouwens bijna alle soorten vogels) een ver- voerplaats te schatten. Maar omdat de vogels trouwdheid ten opzichte van mensen tonen die zeer sterk zijn geconcentreerd, was dat moeilijk. in Europa onbekend is. Enige schattingen kwamen uit op vierduizend tot De actieve belangstelling voor vogels en vogel- vijfduizend exemplaren. Een beter resultaat le- bescherming is in India algemeen gesproken ze- in Een verde de telling van binnenkomende groepen ker niet groter dan bij ons. belangrijk ver- de namiddag van 17 januari. Wij werden het schil is echter dat mensen zich veel minder met dan in Eu- eens over het totaal van 3700 exemplaren. vogels bemoeien. Deze vormen meer onderdeel de ropa een vanzelfsprekend van sa- Leettijdstellingen menleving. Het is de zelfde houding die men te- werden leef- koe de Op de voerplaats en bij de meertjes genover de heilige aan dag legt. Daarbij tijdstellingen gedaan. De eerstejaars vogels (ge- komt dat veel mensen in India vegetariër zijn. Vo- boren in 1994) zijn moeilijker herkenbaar dan bij gels worden dus niet als welkome prooi be- Juffer relatief veel de Kraanvogel Grus grus. Het jong van de schouwd. In Khichan wonen aan- heeft grijze in plaats van witte oorpluimen. De hangers van de Jaingodsdienst. Het respect niet of in ieder minder duidelijk het leven is hen sterker ont- ogen zijn geval voor dierlijk bij nog rood dan bij de volwassen vogel. De tertials van wikkeld dan bij Hindoes. Onze gastheer Prakash de jongen zijn wat minder verlengd. Het jong laat Jain en zijn dochter Surekha danken wij voor de een hoog piepend geluid horen, dat bijna het- ongelooflijke gastvrijheid. Jules Philippona, Het Eiland 9, 7231 NV Warnsveld, (0575) 52 42 86. LITTERATUUR: Perennou, Christlan, Paul Rosé & Colin Poole (1990): Asian Waterfowl Census 1990. The International Waterfowl and Wetlands Research Bureau and The Asian Wetland Bureau. Voous, K.H. (1960): Atlas of European Blrds. 212 Het Vogeljaar 43 (1995) 5.
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