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To Download the PDF File INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. SEDIMENTOLOGY AND SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE BAKER LAKE SUB-BASIN, NUNAVUT: EVOLUTION OF A PALEOPROTEROZOIC RIFT BASIN by T. Thomas Hadlari, B.Sc. A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Earth Sciences Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario July, 2005 ©copyright 2005, T. Thomas Hadlari Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du 0-494-08331-X Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: Our file Notre reference ISBN: NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L’auteur a accorde une licence non. exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lntemet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celie-ci ne doivent §tre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. reproduced without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne Privacy Act some supporting sur la protection de la vie privee, forms may have been removed quelques formulaires secondaires from this thesis. ont ete enleves de cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires in the document page count, aient inclus dans la pagination, their removal does not represent il n’y aura aucun contenu manquant any loss of content from the thesis. 1 * 1 Canada Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. The undersigned hereby recommend to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research acceptance of this thesis, SEDIMENTOLOGY AND SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE BAKER LAKE SUB-BASIN, NUNAVUT: EVOLUTION OF A PALEOPROTEROZOIC RIFT BASIN Submitted by T. Thomas Hadlari, B.Sc., in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Dr. Robert H. Rainbird Thesis Co-Supervisor Dr. J. Allan Donaldson Thesis Co-Supervisor Dr. Charles Jefferson External Examiner Dr. Claudia Schrdder-Adams Chair, Department of Earth Sciences Carleton University July, 2005 ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT The northeast-trending Baker Lake sub-basin was a volcanically active half- graben during deposition of ca. 1.85-1.78 Ga Baker Lake Group. Transverse streamflow- dominated alluvial fens were concentrated along the southern margin of the sub-basin. These fed gravel- and sand-bed braided streams that merged with an axial drainage system. Alluvial dynamics were characterized by channel aggradation and abandonment. Abandoned channel belts were sites of floodplain and eolian deposition. Braided streams fed northeast and southwest to a depocentre located near Christopher Island, where eolian, playa, and lacustrine environments were intimately linked. Paleoflow patterns indicate that the sub-basin was hydrologically closed. A model is derived for the alluvial sequence stratigraphy and is applied to the Baker Lake Basin. Discharge and sediment supply are considered boundary conditions. Primary control on alluvial facies changes is attributed to alluvial gradient. Graded profile is defined as the topographic profile of a graded stream linking a sediment source region to a subaqueous basin. It is proposed that coupled source uplift and basin subsidence exert primary control on alluvial systems at relatively large scales. In Baker Lake Basin, high accommodation alluvial, low accommodation alluvial, and mixed fluvial-shallow-lacustrine sequences are interpreted as 3rd-order depositional sequences of tectonic origin. The succession of 3rd order sequences illustrates basin evolution from rift initiation, rift climax accompanied by widespread volcanism, to immediate post-rift These comprise the 2nd order Baker Sequence, representing a tectonic stage of intracontinental rifting. iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. The high accommodation stage of basin development may have been the result of intracontinental retro-arc extension during ca. 1.85-1.84 Ga formation of the Kisseynew back-arc basin of the Trans-Hudson orogen. The Baker Lake Basin probably marked the northeastern extent of a series of basins that trended along the Snowbird Tectonic Zone, correlative with the Martin Group in northwestern Saskatchewan. Closure of the Kisseynew basin and collision of the Superior Province with the Western Churchill Province coincided with a change to strike-slip dominated faulting in the Baker Lake Basin. This low accommodation stage of basin development probably was a response to lateral tectonic escape adjacent to the Saskatchewan-Manitoba and Baffin Island- Committee Bay foci of the Superior collision. iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Rob Rainbird and A1 Donaldson for tutelage and direction as helpful and patient supervisors. Extensive logistical support from the Geological Survey of Canada (Natural Resources Canada) is gratefully acknowledged Financial support was obtained from an NSERC Discovery Grant to Rob Rainbird. The entire Western Churchill NATMAP team are thanked, especially Hamish Sandeman and Jim Ryan, for geological expertise and discussion. Manuscripts were improved by comments from Hazen Russell, Bill Amott, Tony Peterson, and Kate MacLachlan. Derek Smith and Sandra Ookout provided field assistance through rain, snow, and high water. I would like to thank members of both Earth Sciences departments of the Ottawa- Carleton Geoscience Centre. I thoroughly enjoyed, and was inspired by, courses taught by Professors Tony Fowler, Dick Brown, Bill Amott, Simon Hanmer, Walter Roest, John Percival, Frederik Agterberg, George Dix, and Rob Rainbird. A special thank you to Sheila Thayer, without whom I would have been hopelessly lost. I would like to thank my parents Attima and Elisabeth Hadlari, and the rest of my family especially Ann and Ed Rempel in Brampton, and Jen Galloway for providing solace. v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS During the summers of 1998,1999,2000, and 2001 1 mapped lithofacies and measured stratigraphic sections at Thirty Mile Lake and northern Christopher Island on Baker Lake, Nunavut. Additional observations were made during mapping elsewhere in the Baker Lake Basin as a seasonal employee of the Geological Survey of Canada, primarily with Rob Rainbird, but also with A1 Donaldson. This includes mapping at Aniguq River, southern Christopher Island, the Kazan River south of Baker Lake, and near Pitz Lake. Based on this basin analysis, and by modifying existing alluvial sequence stratigraphic models, I formulated a model for alluvial sequence stratigraphy that aims to rationalize not only my observations but also related outstanding issues in the stratigraphic literature. A model of basin evolution was constructed through geological mapping and stratigraphic analysis, building upon previous work in concert with new findings from a recent synthesis of the Western Churchill Province. This new perspective led to a new tectonic model
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