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Wood Anatomy of Buddlejaceae Sherwin Carlquist Santa Barbara Botanic Garden
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 15 | Issue 1 Article 5 1996 Wood Anatomy of Buddlejaceae Sherwin Carlquist Santa Barbara Botanic Garden Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Carlquist, Sherwin (1996) "Wood Anatomy of Buddlejaceae," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 15: Iss. 1, Article 5. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol15/iss1/5 Aliso, 15(1), pp. 41-56 © 1997, by The Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, CA 91711-3157 WOOD ANATOMY OF BUDDLEJACEAE SHERWIN CARLQUIST' Santa Barbara Botanic Garden 1212 Mission Canyon Road Santa Barbara, California 93110-2323 ABSTRACT Quantitative and qualitative data are presented for 23 species of Buddleja and one species each of Emorya, Nuxia, and Peltanthera. Although crystal distribution is likely a systematic feature of some species of Buddleja, other wood features relate closely to ecology. Features correlated with xeromorphy in Buddleja include strongly marked growth rings (terminating with vascular tracheids), narrower mean vessel diameter, shorter vessel elements, greater vessel density, and helical thickenings in vessels. Old World species of Buddleja cannot be differentiated from New World species on the basis of wood features. Emorya wood is like that of xeromorphic species of Buddleja. Lateral wall vessel pits of Nuxia are small (2.5 ILm) compared to those of Buddleja (mostly 5-7 ILm) . Peltanthera wood features can also be found in Buddleja or Nuxia; Dickison's transfer of Sanango from Buddlejaceae to Ges neriaceae is justified. All wood features of Buddlejaceae can be found in families of subclass Asteridae such as Acanthaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Myoporaceae, Scrophulariaceae, and Verbenaceae. -
Towards Resolving Lamiales Relationships
Schäferhoff et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:352 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/352 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences Bastian Schäferhoff1*, Andreas Fleischmann2, Eberhard Fischer3, Dirk C Albach4, Thomas Borsch5, Günther Heubl2, Kai F Müller1 Abstract Background: In the large angiosperm order Lamiales, a diverse array of highly specialized life strategies such as carnivory, parasitism, epiphytism, and desiccation tolerance occur, and some lineages possess drastically accelerated DNA substitutional rates or miniaturized genomes. However, understanding the evolution of these phenomena in the order, and clarifying borders of and relationships among lamialean families, has been hindered by largely unresolved trees in the past. Results: Our analysis of the rapidly evolving trnK/matK, trnL-F and rps16 chloroplast regions enabled us to infer more precise phylogenetic hypotheses for the Lamiales. Relationships among the nine first-branching families in the Lamiales tree are now resolved with very strong support. Subsequent to Plocospermataceae, a clade consisting of Carlemanniaceae plus Oleaceae branches, followed by Tetrachondraceae and a newly inferred clade composed of Gesneriaceae plus Calceolariaceae, which is also supported by morphological characters. Plantaginaceae (incl. Gratioleae) and Scrophulariaceae are well separated in the backbone grade; Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae appear in distant clades, while the recently described Linderniaceae are confirmed to be monophyletic and in an isolated position. Conclusions: Confidence about deep nodes of the Lamiales tree is an important step towards understanding the evolutionary diversification of a major clade of flowering plants. The degree of resolution obtained here now provides a first opportunity to discuss the evolution of morphological and biochemical traits in Lamiales. -
Preservative Effects of Thymus Citriodorus and Rosmarinus Officinalis Volatile Oils on Prolonging Shelf Life of Raw Chicken
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) e-ISSN: 2319-2402,p- ISSN: 2319-2399.Volume 10, Issue 6 Ver. II (Jun. 2016), PP 63-68 www.iosrjournals.org Preservative Effects of Thymus Citriodorus and Rosmarinus Officinalis Volatile Oils on Prolonging Shelf Life of Raw Chicken Dara M. Jamil1 Faculty of Agricultural Sciences-Sulaimani University, Bakrajo Street, Sulaimaniyah - Iraq Abstract: The volatile oils of Rosemarinus Officinalis (rosemary) and Thymus citriodorus (Lemon thyme) at different concentration (0.1, 0.25, and 0.5) % were used to examine their preservation impacts on raw chicken.). Chicken pieces were immersed in ethanolic solutions (10 %) of the volatile oils of rosemary and lemon thyme for 30 minutes stored in (30oC) and in a fridge (4oC.After the first day, control samples were found completely putrefied, whereas samples treated with VOs (0.25 and 0.5 %) were found with acceptable organoleptic attributes and significant microbial prohibition for five days at (30oC) and for 10 days in the fridge (4oC). It can be concluded that beside their desirable flavours, the herbal VOs used can be considered as a natural preservative to prolong shelf life of raw poultry and this could have an economical potential on raw chickens at industrial level. Keywords: Food preservation, raw chicken, Rosmarinus Officinalis, Thymus citriodorus, Volatile oil I. “Introduction” Raw meats (cattle, poultry and sea foods) are known as perishable foods because they are ideal mediums for microbial growth, so they get spoiled and/or poisoned in storage unless they are freshly consumed or preserved, thus a number of preservation techniques, including freezing, heat treatment, salting, acidification, and drying have been used in the food industry [1] and [2]. -
Estudio Estructural Y Determinación De Propiedades Antioxidativas De Extractos Etanólicos De Thymus Citriodorus Y Cytisus Multiflorus
FACULTAD DE FARMACIA DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOQUÍMICA Y BIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR ESTUDIO ESTRUCTURAL Y DETERMINACIÓN DE PROPIEDADES ANTIOXIDATIVAS DE EXTRACTOS ETANÓLICOS DE THYMUS CITRIODORUS Y CYTISUS MULTIFLORUS Memoria que presenta Dña. Olívia Rodrigues Pereira para optar al Título de Grado por la Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca, 1 de Septiembre de 2009 Dña. Mª JOSÉ PÉREZ GARCÍA, PROFESORA ASOCIADA DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOQUÍMICA Y BIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE SALAMANCA Y DÑA. SUSANA MARIA ALMEIDA CARDOSO, PROFESORA ADJUNTA EQUIPARADA DEL INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO DE BRAGANÇA (PORTUGAL) CERTIFICAN: Que la Memoria titulada “Estudio estructural y determinación de propiedades antioxidativas de extractos etanólicos de Thymus citriodorus y Cytisus multiflorus ”, presentada por Dña. Olívia Rodrigues Pereira para optar al Grado de Salamanca, ha sido realizada bajo su dirección conjunta en el Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (Portugal) y en el Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de la Universidad de Salamanca. Y para que así conste, expiden y firman la presente certificación en Salamanca a día 1 de Septiembre de 2009. Fdo. Mª José Pérez García Fdo. Susana Maria Almeida Cardoso D. ENRIQUE VILLAR LEDESMA, DIRECTOR DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOQUÍMICA y BIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE SALAMANCA CERTIFICA: Que la Memoria titulada “Estudio estructural y determinación de propiedades antioxidativas de extractos etanólicos de Thymus citriodorus y Cytisus multiflor us”, presentada por Dña. Olívia Rodrigues Pereira en el Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular para optar al Grado de Salamanca, ha sido realizada bajo la dirección conjunta de las Dras. Dña. Susana Maria Almeida Cardoso y Dña. Mª José Pérez García. Y para que así conste, expide y firma la presente certificación en Salamanca a día 1 de Septiembre de 2009. -
Herb List Gardens
NORTH HAVEN Herb List Gardens Common Name Botanical Name UsesCat Light Color Height Soil Symbolism ALOE VERA Aloe barbadensis M TT SUNOrangeWD12"-18" Healing ANISE Pimpinella anisum CMTA S/PSH White12"-18" MWD APPLE MINT Mentha suaveolens CFr MTP S/PSHWhite12"-18" MWD Virtue APPLE MINT Mentha rotundifolia S/PSH Mauve4"-6" M ARUGULA Eruca vesicara CM A SUNCream18"-24" MWD Enthusiasm ARUGULA, DWARF Diplotaxis erucoides C A SUNYellow10"-12" WD Straightforward BASIL, AFRICAN BLUE Ocimum kilimandscharicum CFr O A SUNPurple24"-36" M Affection BASIL, AROMA 2 Ocimum basilicum CFr Fl M O A S/PSHWhite18"-24" WD Good Luck BASIL,' AUSSIE SWEETIE' Ocimum basilicum CFr A SUN18"-24" WD Good Wishes BASIL, BOXWOOD Ocimum basilicum CFr Fl O A S/PSH White8"-10" WD BASIL, CINNAMON Ocimum basilicum CFr A SUNLavender 18"-24" MWD Good Wishes BASIL, 'CITRIODORUM' LEMON Ocimum basilicum CFr A SUNWhite18"-24" MWD Good Wishes BASIL, DARK OPAL Ocimum basilicum COA SUNPurple18"-24" MWD Good Wishes BASIL, 'GENOVESE' Ocimum basilicum CFr Fl A S/PSHWhite18"-24" MWD Good Wishes BASIL, 'GREEK COLUMNAR' OR 'AU Ocimum xcitriodorum 'Lesbos' CFr MO A S/PSH 24"-36" MWD BASIL, HOLY Ocimum sanctum Fr Fl A S/PSHWhite or Laven18"-24" MWD Good Luck BASIL, LETTUCE LEAF Ocimum basilicum COA SUNWhite18"-24" MWD Good Wishes BASIL, LIME Ocimum americanum CFr A SUNWhite18"-24" MWD Good Wishes BASIL, 'MAGICAL MICHAEL' Ocimum basilicum CFr Fl O A S/PSHWhite18"-24" WD Good Wishes BASIL, 'MINETTE' Ocimum basilicum CFr O A SUNWhite12"-18" MWD Good Wishes BASIL, MINI PURPLE Ocimum basilicum -
Hydrangeas for Plant Connoisseurs
TheThe AmericanAmerican GARDENERGARDENER® TheThe MagazineMagazineMagazine ofof thethe AAmericanmerican HorticulturalHorticultural SocietySocietySociety MayMay / June 2014 Hydrangeas for plant Connoisseurs CharmingCharming NicotianasNicotianas Four-SeasonFour-Season TreesTrees NewNew HerbHerb TrendsTrends Did you know that you can give the American Horticultural Let your home Society a residence, farm or vacation property, gain a charitable work for you! gift deduction, and retain the right to live in the property? A gift of real estate can provide the following benefits: • Produce a substantial charitable income tax deduction • Reduce capital gains taxes • Save estate taxes • Leave a legacy of a greener, healthier, more beautiful America • Membership in the Horticultural Heritage Society We would be pleased to discuss how a gift of real estate can benefit both you and the American Horticultural Society. Please contact Scott Lyons, Director of Institutional Advancement, at [email protected] or (703) 768-5700 ext 127. contents Volume 93, Number 3 . May / June 2014 FEATURES DEPARTMENTS 5 NOTES FROM RIVER FARM 6 MEMBERS’ FORUM 8 NEWS FROM THE AHS Bequest of longtime AHS member Wilma L. Pickard establishes new AHS fellowship for aspiring horticulturists, Susie and Bruce Usrey are Honorary co-Chairs of 2014 Gala, birds of prey visit River Farm during annual Spring Garden Market. 12 AHS MEMBERS MAKING A DIFFERENCE Joan Calder. page 1414 44 GARDEN SOLUTIONS Avoiding or preventing late-blight infestations on tomatoes. 14 CHARMING NICOTIANAS BY RAND B. LEE 46 TRAVELER’S GUIDE TO GARDENS Beloved for their fragrance and attractiveness to pollinators, these The Rotary Botanical Gardens. old-fashioned cottage-garden favorites are back in style. 48 HOMEGROWN HARVEST Sweet and tart crabapples. -
North American Rock Garden Society |
Bulletin of the American Rock Garden Society Volume 50 Number 2 Spring 1992 Cover: Iris iberica ssp. elegantissima by Rob Proctor of Denver, Colorado Bulletin of the American Rock Garden Society Volume 50 Number 2 Spring 1992 Features Paths for the Ordinary Gardener, by Geoffrey Charlesworth 83 Zenon Schreiber: Landscape Architect, by Paul Halladin 89 : On Paths and Steps, by Paul Halladin 91 Paths, by Nicholas Klise 101 Plants for the Pathway, by Steve Kelley 107 Paths in the Japanese Garden, by John L. Creech 113 On Edging, by Liz Rodgers 125 Plants for the Bog Garden, by Frederick W. Case, Jr. 129 Floyd McMullen Introductions, by David Hale 145 Departments Books 147 Paths for the Ordinary Gardener by Geoffrey Charlesworth ^^ou start to make a garden. The funny muscles kneeling and stretching. plot is roughly a rectangle. You are impa• So to get more garden, the time has tient to start planting and want immediate come to start a fresh piece, a separate results even if only a few annuals or a strip or even a new shape. When you dozen bulbs. You decide your garden will create this new garden, you have creat• be made in sections, a little at a time. So ed a path. Suppose your effort is to be you prepare a strip on the long side of a strip parallel to the first one and the the rectangle. It could be a rock garden, a same width. Automatically there will be scree, a perennial border or just a bed. Of a path dividing the enlarged garden in course, you love this bare patch of recep• two. -
Trees, Shrubs, and Perennials That Intrigue Me (Gymnosperms First
Big-picture, evolutionary view of trees and shrubs (and a few of my favorite herbaceous perennials), ver. 2007-11-04 Descriptions of the trees and shrubs taken (stolen!!!) from online sources, from my own observations in and around Greenwood Lake, NY, and from these books: • Dirr’s Hardy Trees and Shrubs, Michael A. Dirr, Timber Press, © 1997 • Trees of North America (Golden field guide), C. Frank Brockman, St. Martin’s Press, © 2001 • Smithsonian Handbooks, Trees, Allen J. Coombes, Dorling Kindersley, © 2002 • Native Trees for North American Landscapes, Guy Sternberg with Jim Wilson, Timber Press, © 2004 • Complete Trees, Shrubs, and Hedges, Jacqueline Hériteau, © 2006 They are generally listed from most ancient to most recently evolved. (I’m not sure if this is true for the rosids and asterids, starting on page 30. I just listed them in the same order as Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II.) This document started out as my personal landscaping plan and morphed into something almost unwieldy and phantasmagorical. Key to symbols and colored text: Checkboxes indicate species and/or cultivars that I want. Checkmarks indicate those that I have (or that one of my neighbors has). Text in blue indicates shrub or hedge. (Unfinished task – there is no text in blue other than this text right here.) Text in red indicates that the species or cultivar is undesirable: • Out of range climatically (either wrong zone, or won’t do well because of differences in moisture or seasons, even though it is in the “right” zone). • Will grow too tall or wide and simply won’t fit well on my property. -
Dominance of F1 Hybrids Promotes Strong Reproductive Isolation
Natural Hybridization between Two Buttery Bushes in Tibet: Dominance of F1 Hybrids Promotes Strong Reproductive Isolation Rongli Liao Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6695-2739 Weibang Sun ( [email protected] ) Yongpeng Ma Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Research article Keywords: Buttery bushes, Buddleja, Hybridization, F1-dominated hybrids, Reproductive isolation Posted Date: July 29th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-42245/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published on March 10th, 2021. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-02909-7. Page 1/25 Abstract Background: F1 hybrids acting as a bridgehead for producing later generation hybrids can have evolutionary signicance through strengthening reproductive isolation or facilitating gene ow between parental species, depending on whether backcrossing can occur. It had been suggested that the Tibetan plant Buddleja wardii was a hybrid species between B. alternifolia and B. crispa based on their sympatric distributions and the morphological characters in last century. Till now however, we still have limited evidence to prove key issues to B. wardii, like if it is of hybrid origin indeed and whether it is currently a true hybrid species already. Results: In the present study, two sympatric populations of these three taxa were examined and compared using four nuclear genes and three chloroplast intergenic spacers, as well as with 10 morphological characters. Our results suggest that at both sites B. -
The Linderniaceae and Gratiolaceae Are Further Lineages Distinct from the Scrophulariaceae (Lamiales)
Research Paper 1 The Linderniaceae and Gratiolaceae are further Lineages Distinct from the Scrophulariaceae (Lamiales) R. Rahmanzadeh1, K. Müller2, E. Fischer3, D. Bartels1, and T. Borsch2 1 Institut für Molekulare Physiologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany 2 Nees-Institut für Biodiversität der Pflanzen, Universität Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, Germany 3 Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften ± Biologie, Universität Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraûe 1, 56070 Koblenz, Germany Received: July 14, 2004; Accepted: September 22, 2004 Abstract: The Lamiales are one of the largest orders of angio- Traditionally, Craterostigma, Lindernia and their relatives have sperms, with about 22000 species. The Scrophulariaceae, as been treated as members of the family Scrophulariaceae in the one of their most important families, has recently been shown order Lamiales (e.g., Takhtajan,1997). Although it is well estab- to be polyphyletic. As a consequence, this family was re-classi- lished that the Plocospermataceae and Oleaceae are their first fied and several groups of former scrophulariaceous genera branching families (Bremer et al., 2002; Hilu et al., 2003; Soltis now belong to different families, such as the Calceolariaceae, et al., 2000), little is known about the evolutionary diversifica- Plantaginaceae, or Phrymaceae. In the present study, relation- tion of most of the orders diversity. The Lamiales branching ships of the genera Craterostigma, Lindernia and its allies, hith- above the Plocospermataceae and Oleaceae are called ªcore erto classified within the Scrophulariaceae, were analyzed. Se- Lamialesº in the following text. The most recent classification quences of the chloroplast trnK intron and the matK gene by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG2, 2003) recognizes (~ 2.5 kb) were generated for representatives of all major line- 20 families. -
Plant List Spring Plant Sale 21 Final.Xlsx
Rutgers Gardens Spring Plant Sale 2021 ‐ HERBS (all plants available from May 1) Common name Cultivar variety Scientific name basil Eleonora Ocimum basilicum basil Genovese Ocimum basilicum basil Lemon Ocimum basilicum basil Pesto Perpetuo Ocimum basilicum basil Purple Ruffles Ocimum basilicum basil Rutgers Devotion DMR Ocimum basilicum [Rutgers release] basil Rutgers Obsession DMR Ocimum basilicum [Rutgers release] basil Rutgers Thunderstruck DMR Ocimum basilicum [Rutgers release] basil Sweet Thai Ocimum basilicum bay laurel Laurus nobilis black cumin Nigella sativa borage Borago officinalis catnip, lemon Citriodora Nepeta cataria chamomille Matricaria chamomilla chervil Anthriscus cerefolium chives Allium schoenoprasum coriander, cilantro Coriandrum sativum dill Anethum graveolens epazote Dysphania ambrosioides geranium, scented Citronella Pelargonium geranium, scented Lady Plymouth Pelargonium geranium, scented Lime Pelargonium geranium, scented Mint Pelargonium lavender Ellagance Pink Lavandula angustifolia lavender Ellagance Snow Lavandula angustifolia lavender Goodwin Creek Lavandula hybrid lavender Grosso Lavandula intermedia lavender Hidcote Blue Lavandula angustifolia lavender Melissa Lavandula angustifolia lavender Munstead Lavandula angustifolia lavender Phenomenal Lavandula intermedia lavender Platinum Blonde Lavandula angustifolia lavender Provence Lavandula intermedia lemon verbena Aloysia triphylla lemongrass Cymbopogon flexuosus marjoram Sweet Origanum majorana mint, apple Mojito Mint Mentha x villosa mint, peppermint Chocolate -
El Cultiu Del Thymus Citriodorus
El cultiu de Thymus citriodorus en diferents condicions ambientals Sònia Pellicer. Tutor : Francesc Piñol 2n Curs d’Intensius. IES Horticultura i Jardinería 2007-2008 I.E.S. Horticultura i Jardinería 2007-2008 Thymus citriodorus ÌNDEX 1. Introducció……………………………..........pàg. 1 1.1. Breu introducció històrica del cultiu ………………… pàg 2 1.1.1 Etimologia del gènere Thymus 1.1.2.Història del Thymus vulgaris. 1.1.3. Les labiades i les timonedes. 1.2. Origen del material…………………………………... pàg 4 1.3. Descripció botànica de l’espècie……………………... pàg 4 1.3.1.Classificació. 1.3.2. El nom comú en diferents llengües. 1.3.3. Descripció botànica. Formula floral. 1.3.4. Varietats. 1.3.5. Components actius. 1.3.6. Usos medicinals. 1.3.7. Usos culinaris. 1.4. Condicions del cultiu………………………………… pàg 8 1.4.1. Condicions climàtiques. 1.4.2. Condicions edàfiques. 1.4.3. Necessitats hídriques. 1.4.4. Necessitats nutricionals. 1.4.5. Necessitats lumíniques. 1.5. Activitats culturals tècniques del cultiu……………… pàg 9 1.5.1. Multiplicació. 1.5.2. Preparació del terreny. 1.5.3. Recol·lecció. 1.5.4. Rendiments. 1.5.5. Manteniment del cultiu. 1.5.5.1. El reg. 1.5.5.2. Fertilització. 1.5.5.3. Control de les males herbes. 1.6. Plaques i malalties. Tècniques de control…………… pàg 13 I.E.S. Horticultura i Jardinería 2007-2008 Thymus citriodorus 2. Objectius………………………………………pàg 14 3.Material i mètodes …………………………… pàg 16 3.1. Localització de l’assaig .............................................. pàg 18 3.2. Procedència del material vegetal................................. pàg 20 3.3. Condicions del cultiu..................................................